List of sovereign states in 1861

A

•  Afghanistan – Emirate of Afghanistan
•  Andorra – Principality of Andorra
• Anhalt-Bernburg – Duchy of Anhalt-Bernburg
• Anhalt-Dessau – Duchy of Anhalt-Dessau
• Ankole – Kingdom of Ankole
• Annam – Empire of Annam
•  Anziku – Anziku Kingdom
• →  Argentina
  • Argentine Confederation (to December 17)
  • Argentine Republic (from December 17)
• Aro – Aro Confederacy
•  Ashanti – Asante Union
•  Austria – Austrian Empire

B

•  Baden – Grand Duchy of Baden
•  Baguirmi – Kingdom of Baguirmi
•  Bambara – Bambara Empire (to March 10)
•  Baol – Kingdom of Baol
•  Basutoland – Kingdom of Basutoland
•  Bavaria – Kingdom of Bavaria
•  Belgium – Kingdom of Belgium
•  Benin – Benin Empire
•  Bhutan – Kingdom of Bhutan
•  Bolivia – Bolivian Republic
• Bora Bora – Kingdom of Bora Bora
•  Bornu – Bornu Empire
•  Brazil – Empire of Brazil
•  Bremen – Free City of Bremen
•  Brunei – Sultanate of Brunei
•  Brunswick – Duchy of Brunswick
• Buganda – Kingdom of Buganda
• Bukhara – Emirate of Bukhara
• Bunyoro – Kingdom of Bunyoro-Kitara
• Burma – Kingdom of Burma
•  Burundi – Kingdom of Burundi

C

•  Cambodia – Kingdom of Cambodia
•  Cayor – Kingdom of Cayor
•  Chile – Republic of Chile
•  China – Great Qing Empire
• Colombia – United States of Colombia (from September 20)

Confederate States of America Confederate States
Cook Islands Rarotonga

•  Costa Rica – Republic of Costa Rica
• Couto Misto

D

•  Dahomey – Kingdom of Dahomey
•  Denmark – Kingdom of Denmark
•  Dominican Republic – Dominican Republic (to 1861)

E

•  Ecuador – Republic of Ecuador
• El Salvador – El Salvador
•  Ethiopia – Ethiopian Empire

F

•  Fiji – Tui Viti
• France – Empire of the French
• Frankfurt – Free City of Frankfurt
•  Futa Jallon – Imamate of Futa Jallon
•  Futa Toro – Imamate of Futa Toro

G

•  Garo – Kingdom of Garo
•  Gera – Kingdom of Gera
•  Gomma – Kingdom of Gomma
• Granadine Confederation – Granadine Confederation (renamed New Granada on July 18)
• Greece – Kingdom of Greece
• Guatemala – Republic of Guatemala
•  Gumma – Kingdom of Gumma

H

• Ha'il – Emirate of Ha'il
•  Haiti – Republic of Haiti
•  Hamburg – Free City of Hamburg
•  Hanover – Kingdom of Hanover
•  Hawaii – Kingdom of Hawaii
• Hesse-Darmstadt – Grand Duchy of Hesse and by Rhine
• Hesse-Homburg – Landgraviate of Hesse-Homburg
• Hesse-Kassel (or Hesse-Cassel) – Electorate of Hesse
• Holstein – Duchy of Holstein
•  Honduras – Republic of Honduras
• Huahine – Kingdom of Huahine

I

• Italy – Kingdom of Italy (from March 17)

J

•  Janjero – Kingdom of Janjero
•  Japan – Tokugawa shogunate
•  Jimma – Kingdom of Jimma
• Johor – Sultanate of Johor
•  Jolof – Jolof Kingdom

K

•  Kaabu – Kingdom of Kaabu
•  Kabulistan – Kingdom of Kabul
•  Kaffa – Kingdom of Kaffa
•  Kénédougou – Kénédougou Kingdom
•  Khasso – Kingdom of Khasso
• Khiva – Khanate of Khiva
•  Kokand – Khanate of Kokand
•  Kong – Kong Empire
• Kongo – Kingdom of Kongo
• Korea – Kingdom of Joseon
•  Koya Temne – Kingdom of Koya

L

•  Liberia – Republic of Liberia
•  Liechtenstein – Principality of Liechtenstein
• Limburg – Duchy of Limburg
•  Limmu-Ennarea – Kingdom of Limmu-Ennarea
• Lippe – Principality of Lippe
•  Loango – Kingdom of Loango
•  Luba – Luba Empire
• Lubeck – Free City of Lubeck
•  Lunda – Lunda Empire
•  Luxembourg – Grand Duchy of Luxembourg

M

•  Maldives – Sultanate of Maldives
•  Manipur – Kingdom of Manipur
•  Massina – Massina Empire
•  Matabeleland – Matabele Kingdom
• Mecklenburg-Schwerin – Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
• Mecklenburg-Strelitz – Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz
• Menton and Roquebrune – Free Cities of Menton and Roquebrune (annexed to France in 1861)
•  Mexico – Republic of Mexico
•  Mindanao – Sultanate of Maguindanao (to 1861)
•  Monaco – Principality of Monaco
• →  Montenegro – Principality of Montenegro
•  Morocco – Sultanate of Morocco
• Muscat and Oman – Sultanate of Muscat and Oman

N

• Nassau – Duchy of Nassau
• Negeri Sembilan – Negeri Sembilan
• Nepal - Kingdom of Nepal
•  Netherlands – Kingdom of The Netherlands
• New Granada – United States of New Granada (July 18 to September 20)
• Nicaragua – Republic of Nicaragua
• Norway – Kingdom of Norway (in personal union with Sweden)

O

• Oldenburg – Grand Duchy of Oldenburg
•  Orange Free State – Republic of Orange Free State
•  Ottoman Empire – Sublime Ottoman State
•  Ouaddai – Ouaddai Empire
•  Oyo – Oyo Empire

P

• Pahang – Sultanate of Pahang
•  Papal States – States of the Church
•  Paraguay – Republic of Paraguay
• Perak – Sultanate of Perak
• Persia – Persian Empire
•  Peru – Peruvian Republic
• Portugal – Kingdom of Portugal
•  Prussia – Kingdom of Prussia

R

• Raiatea – Kingdom of Raiatea
•  Rapa Nui – Kingdom of Rapa Nui
• Rarotonga – Kingdom of Rarotonga
• Reuss Elder Line – Principality of Reuss Elder Line
• Reuss Junior Line – Principality of Reuss Junior Line
•  Russia – Russian Empire
•  Rwanda – Kingdom of Rwanda
•  Ryūkyū Kingdom – Kingdom of Ryūkyū

S

•  Samoa – Kingdom of Samoa
• San Marino – Most Serene Republic of San Marino
•  Sarawak – Kingdom of Sarawak
•  Sardinia – Kingdom of Sardinia (to March 17)
• Saxe-Altenburg – Duchy of Saxe-Altenburg
• Saxe-Coburg-Gotha – Duchy of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
•   Saxe-Lauenburg – Duchy of Saxe-Lauenburg, also Duchy of Lauenburg
• Saxe-Meiningen – Duchy of Saxe-Meiningen
• Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach – Grand Duchy of Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach
• Saxony – Kingdom of Saxony
• Schaumburg-Lippe – Principality of Schaumburg-Lippe
• Schleswig – Duchy of Schleswig
• Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt – Principality of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt
• Schwarzburg-Sondershausen – Principality of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen
• Selangor – Sultanate of Selangor
• Serbia – Principality of Serbia
•  Siam – Kingdom of Siam
•  Sikkim – Chogyalate of Sikkim
• Sokoto – Sokoto Caliphate
•  Transvaal – South African Republic
•  Spain – Kingdom of Spain
• Sulu – Sultanate of Sulu
•  Sweden – Kingdom of Sweden (in personal union with Norway)
•   Switzerland – Swiss Confederation

T

• Tahiti – Kingdom of Tahiti
•  Tonga – Tu'i Tonga
• Toro – Toro Kingdom
•  Toucouleur – Toucouleur Empire
•  Two Sicilies – Kingdom of the Two Sicilies (to February 12)

U

•  United Kingdom – United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
• →  United States – United States of America
• United States of the Ionian Islands – United States of the Ionian Islands
•  Uruguay – Eastern Republic of Uruguay

V

•  Venezuela – Republic of Venezuela

W

• Waldeck-Pyrmont – Principality of Waldeck and Pyrmont
•  Welayta – Kingdom of Welayta
•  Württemberg – Kingdom of Württemberg

Y

•  Yeke – Yeke Kingdom

Z

•  Zanzibar – Sultanate of Zanzibar (from April 6)
•  Zululand – Kingdom of the Zulus