Khon Kaen Province

Khon Kaen (Thai: ขอนแก่น, pronounced [kʰɔ̌(ː)n kɛ̀n]) is one of Thailand's seventy-six provinces (changwat) lies in central northeastern Thailand also called Isan. Neighboring provinces are (from north clockwise) Nong Bua Lamphu, Udon Thani, Kalasin, Maha Sarakham, Buriram, Nakhon Ratchasima, Chaiyaphum, Phetchabun, and Loei.

Khon Kaen

ขอนแก่น
Province
Flag
Seal
Map of Thailand highlighting Khon Kaen Province
CountryThailand
CapitalKhon Kaen
Government
 • GovernorPhongsak Prichawit
Area
 • Total10,886 km2 (4,203 sq mi)
Area rankRanked 16th
Population
 (2018)[2]
 • Total1,805,895
 • Rank Ranked 4th
 • Density166/km2 (430/sq mi)
 • Density rankRanked 23rd
Human Achievement Index
 • HAI (2017)0.6090 "somewhat high"
Ranked 24th
Time zoneUTC+7 (ICT)
Postal code
40xxx
Calling code043
ISO 3166 codeTH-40
Vehicle registrationขอนแก่น
Websitewww.khonkaen.go.th

History

The first city of the area was established in 1783 when Rajakruluang settled there with 330 people. King Rama I made Rajakruluang the first governor of the area when establishing tighter connections with the Isan area. The main city was moved six times until in 1879 it reached its present-day location at Nuang Kaw. Khon Kaen was under the governance of Udon in the early period of Rattanakosin, c. 2450 BCE. The Integrated Opisthorchiasis Control Program, also known as the Lawa Project, an internationally recognized liver fluke control program, has its offices in the Ban Phai and Ban Haet Districts south of Khon Kaen city.

Geography

Khon Kaen occupies part of the Khorat Plateau. The Chi and Phong Rivers flow through the province.

Symbols
The seal of the province shows the stupa (tower) of Phra That Kham Kaen, which is believed to contain relics of Buddha. A tree is depicted on each side. One is a banyan tree (Ficus benghalensis), the other a Golden Shower Tree (Cassia fistula). The Thai name of the golden shower means 'providing support and preventing a decline', and it is also the provincial flower. The provincial tree is the pink shower tree (Cassia bakeriana), the Thai name of which translates as 'wishing tree'.

Culture

Sinxay

The mayor of Khon Kaen in 2005 chose Sinxay to be the new identity of the Khon Kaen and had finials designed representing Sinxay and his two brothers, Siho and Sangthong. the story of Sang Sinxay, one of the masterpieces of Lao literature written by Pang Kham in 1649, during the Ayutthaya period.[4]

Representations of characters from Sang Sinxay on lampposts in Khon Kaen
Lamppost finial depicting Sinxay
Lamppost finial depicting Siho
Lamppost finial depicting Sangthong

Administrative divisions

Provincial government
Map of 26 districts

The province is divided into 26 districts (amphoes). The districts are further divided into 198 subdistricts (tambons) and 2,139 villages (mubans).

  1. Mueang Khon Kaen
  2. Ban Fang
  3. Phra Yuen
  4. Nong Ruea
  5. Chum Phae
  6. Si Chomphu
  7. Nam Phong
  8. Ubolratana
  9. Kranuan
  10. Ban Phai
  11. Pueai Noi
  12. Phon
  13. Waeng Yai
  14. Waeng Noi
  15. Nong Song Hong
  16. Phu Wiang
  17. Mancha Khiri
  18. Chonnabot
  19. Khao Suan Kwang
  20. Phu Pha Man
  21. Sam Sung
  22. Khok Pho Chai
  23. Nong Na Kham
  24. Ban Haet
  25. Non Sila
  26. Wiang Kao (#29 on map)
  • The numbers 26 to 28 were reserved for three other planned (minor) districts: Phu Kham Noi, Nong Kae, and Non Han.

There are plans to split off the northwestern part of the province to form a new province centered at Phu Wiang. The other districts which will belong to this new province are Nong Ruea, Chum Phae, Si Chomphu, Phu Pha Man, Nong Na Kham, and Wiang Kao.[5]

Local government

As of 26 November 2019 there are[6]: one Khon Kaen Provincial Administration Organisation (ongkan borihan suan changwat) and 84 municipal (thesaban) areas in the province. Khon Kaen has city (thesaban nakhon) status. Ban Phai, Ban Thum, Chum Pae, Kranuan, Mueang Phon and Sila have town (thesaban mueang) status. Further 77 subdistrict municipalities (thesaban tambon). The non-municipal areas are administered by 140 Subdistrict Administrative Organisations - SAO (ongkan borihan suan tambon).[2]

Education
Phra That Kham Kaen, Nam Phong District
Universities
Schools

Health

Khon Kaen has hospitals operated by both the public and private sectors. Its main hospital operated by the Ministry of Public Health is Khon Kaen Hospital. The province also has a university hospital, Srinagarind Hospital of the Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University.

Transport
Shopping mall in Mueang Khon Kaen District
Air
Khon Kaen Railway Station
Rail

The railway system in Khon Kaen is on both northeastern routes from Bangkok Railway Station. Khon Kaen Province's main railway stations was Khon Kaen Railway Station. In 2017, a 60 kilometre dual-track line will connect Khon Kaen to Nakhon Ratchasima Province. It is the first segment of a dual track network that will connect Isan with the Laem Chabang seaport.[7]

Road

The city is bisected by Mittraphap Road, also known as "Friendship Highway", or Asian Highway 2 (AH2), the road linking Bangkok to the Thai-Lao Friendship Bridge. A multi-lane by-pass enables through-traffic to avoid the city centre to the west, and connects to the airport and to the main roads to Kalasin Province and Maha Sarakham Province in the east, and Udon Thani Province in the north.

Sport

The sports teams listed below are based in Khon Kaen.

Football
Volleyball

Human achievement index 2017
Health Education Employment Income
37 34 32 51
Housing Family Transport Participation
50 3 21 52
Province Khon Kaen, with an HAI 2017 value of 0.6090 is "somewhat high", occupies place 24 in the ranking.

Since 2003, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in Thailand has tracked progress on human development at sub-national level using the Human achievement index (HAI), a composite index covering all the eight key areas of human development. National Economic and Social Development Board (NESDB) has taken over this task since 2017.[3]

RankClassification
  1 - 15"high"
16 - 30"somewhat high"
31 - 45"average"
45 - 60"somewhat low"
61 - 77"low"

Sister cities

Notable residents

Notes

Reports (data) from Thai government are "not copyrightable" (Public Domain), Copyright Act 2537 (1994), section 7.

References
  1. Advancing Human Development through the ASEAN Community, Thailand Human Development Report 2014, table 0:Basic Data (PDF) (Report). United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) Thailand. pp. 134–135. ISBN 978-974-680-368-7. Retrieved 17 January 2016, Data has been supplied by Land Development Department, Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives, at Wayback Machine.
  2. "รายงานสถิติจำนวนประชากรและบ้านประจำปี พ.ศ.2561" [Statistics, population and house statistics for the year 2018]. Registration Office Department of the Interior, Ministry of the Interior (in Thai). 31 December 2018. Retrieved 20 June 2019.
  3. Human achievement index 2017 by National Economic and Social Development Board (NESDB), pages 1-40, maps 1-9, retrieved 14 September 2019, ISBN 978-974-9769-33-1
  4. "สินไซ - "ฐานที่มั่นทางวัฒนธรรม" ของชาวลาว-อีสาน".
  5. "ที่เที่ยวขอนแก่น -10 เที่ยวหลากสไตล์ ท่องไปในขอนแก่น".
  6. "Number of local government organizations by province". dla.go.th. Department of Local Administration (DLA). 26 November 2019. Retrieved 10 December 2019. 5 Khon Kaen: 1 PAO, 1 City mun., 6 Town mun., 77 Subdistrict mun., 140 SAO.
  7. Janssen, Peter (2 November 2016). "Thailand takes a long-term gamble on Isaan region". Nikkei Asian Review. Retrieved 3 November 2016.

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