Surrogate's Courthouse

The Surrogate's Courthouse (originally the Hall of Records) is a Beaux Arts municipal building in the Civic Center neighborhood of lower Manhattan in New York City. Opened in 1907, it is located on the northwest corner of Chambers and Centre streets, across the street from City Hall Park and from the Manhattan Municipal Building.

Surrogate's Court
NYC Landmark No. 0082, 0926
South facade in 2012
Location31 Chambers Street
Manhattan, New York City
Coordinates40°42′48.64″N 74°0′16.52″W
Built1899-1907
ArchitectJohn R. Thomas; Horgan & Slattery
Architectural styleBeaux Arts
NRHP reference No.72000888
NYCL No.0082, 0926
Significant dates
Added to NRHPJanuary 29, 1972[1]
Designated NHLDecember 22, 1977[2]
Designated NYCLFebruary 15, 1966
Interior atrium
Detail of the mansard roof
The entrance on Chambers Street

The Surrogate's Courthouse is a seven-story, steel-framed building with a granite facade and elaborate marble interiors. It was designed to be fireproof in order to safely house the city's paper records. The exterior features fifty-four sculptures by prize-winning artists, as well as a three-story Corinthian colonnade on Chambers Street. The building houses the city's Municipal Archives, as well as providing courtrooms for the Surrogate's Court for New York County on the fifth floor.

The Hall of Records building had been planned since 1888 to replace an outdated building in City Hall Park. The building was designed by John R. Thomas and built between 1899 and 1907. The building was renamed the Surrogate's Courthouse in 1962, and over the years, has undergone few alterations.

Architecture

The well-proportioned seven-story, steel-framed building is faced with granite from Hallowell, Maine, and contains elaborate marble interiors. The three-part Chambers Street facade features a triple-arched main entrance centered along the two-story base, above which is centered a three-story Corinthian colonnade topped by a cornice, a sixth story, another cornice and a mansard roof.[3]

It was designed to be fireproof, in order to safely house the city's paper records. The Beaux Arts exterior features fifty-four sculptures by prize-winning artists Philip Martiny and Henry Kirke Bush-Brown, representing both allegorical figures — such as New York in Its Infancy, New York in Revolutionary Times, Philosophy, Law, and the seasons — and eminent figures from the city's past, including Peter Stuyvesant, DeWitt Clinton, David Pietersen De Vries, and mayors Caleb Heathcote, Abram Stevens Hewitt, Philip Hone, Cadwallader David Colden and James Duane.[4][5]

A rear entrance to the building has been made accessible to people with disabilities, although some claim some internal obstacles remain.[6]

Interior
Segment of the ceiling mosaic by William de Leftwich Dodge

There is a three-story interior courtyard, supposedly inspired by the Paris Opera, featuring an imposing marble double staircase leading to colonnaded balconies on the upper stories. It iss considered one of the city's finest Beaux Arts interiors.[3] Mosaic murals showing the zodiac were created by William DeLeftwich Dodge. The elaborate Surrogates' courtrooms on the fifth floor are endowed with carved oak and mahogany paneling, and gilded plaster decoration.[4]

The building has been favorably compared to the smaller Chamber of Commerce building and the larger Customs House, both contemporaries of this building in lower Manhattan.[3]

History

A new Hall of Records, to replace a badly outdated building in City Hall Park, had been planned since 1888. The building was designed by John R. Thomas and built between 1899 and 1907. Thomas was credited with being the nation's most prolific designer of public and semi-public buildings.[4] He based his design on his award-winning plan for a new City Hall that was never constructed. Horgan & Slattery, an architectural firm with Tammany Hall connections, completed the project after Thomas's death. The total cost was more than $7 million.[7]

Fay Kellogg helped design or prepare plans for the Hall of Records. She designed the prominent double staircase in that building's atrium[8] and she said it was her idea to place statues of early Dutch governors like Peter Stuyvesant on the building so that they would look out over the modern city.

Although the fifth-floor Surrogates' courtrooms were planned as part of the building from the beginning, the name Hall of Records was not officially changed to Surrogate's Courthouse until 1962.[7]

The building has underwent few alterations over the years,[4] aside from the removal of some Martiny statues facing Centre Street when that street was widened in 1961.[7] Those statues, Authority and Justice, are nearby at the New York County Courthouse, 60 Centre Street.[5] The interior is popular with film and television production companies and has been used in dozens of commercials, series and movies.[4]

Landmark designations

Both the exterior (1966) and interior (1976) are New York City Landmarks,[9] and the building was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1972.[4] It was also concurrently designated a National Historic Landmark in 1977 for its architecture.[2][10]

See also
  • List of New York City Landmarks
  • National Register of Historic Places listings in New York County, New York

References

Notes

  1. "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. January 23, 2007.
  2. "Surrogate's Court". National Historic Landmark summary listing. National Park Service. 2007-09-19.
  3. Paul Goldberger, The City Observed: New York: A Guide to the Architecture of Manhattan. New York: Vintage Books, 1979, p. 31. ISBN 0-394-72916-1
  4. New York State Unified Court System, Surrogate's Court, Historical Information. Accessed April 1, 2011
  5. NYC - Civic Center, djibnet.com. Accessed April 1, 2011
  6. Questionnaire, 504 Democratic Club. Accessed April 1, 2011
  7. DCAS Managed Public Buildings, The Surrogate's Courthouse. Accessed April 1, 2011
  8. Kate V. St. Maur. Two Women Who Do Things, Pearson's Magazine, vol. 33, May 1915, p. 598, accessed May 9, 2011
  9. New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission; Dolkart, Andrew S.; Postal, Matthew A. (2009). Postal, Matthew A. (ed.). Guide to New York City Landmarks (4th ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-470-28963-1. pp.31-32
  10. "NHL nomination for Surrogate's Courthouse". National Park Service. Retrieved 2018-01-06.
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