2016 United States presidential election in Colorado
The 2016 United States presidential election in Colorado was held on November 8, 2016, as part of the 2016 United States presidential election in which all 50 states plus the District of Columbia participated. Colorado voters chose nine electors to represent them in the Electoral College via a popular vote pitting the Republican Party's nominee, businessman Donald Trump, and running mate Indiana Governor Mike Pence against Democratic Party nominee, former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton and her running mate, Virginia Senator Tim Kaine.
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Turnout | 72.4% | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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County results Clinton: 40–50% 50–60% 60–70% 70–80% Trump: 40–50% 50–60% 60–70% 70–80% 80–90% | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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Elections in Colorado | ||||||||
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On March 1, 2016, in the presidential primaries, Colorado voters expressed their preferences for the Democratic, Libertarian, Green, Constitution, Nutrition, and Prohibition parties' respective nominees for president. The Republican Party did not hold a preference poll because the party decided to cancel it in August 2015.[1] Registered members of each party only voted in their party's primary, while unaffiliated voters were unable to participate.
Hillary Clinton had 48.2% of the vote, carrying the state's nine electoral votes. Donald Trump received 43.3% of the vote, a Democratic margin of victory of 4.9%. This was the third time since achieving statehood that the Republican candidate won the election without carrying Colorado, and the second time since statehood that Colorado has voted Democratic in three consecutive presidential elections. No Republican had won the White House without carrying the state since 1908 prior to this election. Trump won five counties that had voted for President Obama in 2012; Conejos, Chaffee, Huerfano, Las Animas, and Pueblo. The latter two counties had not supported a Republican for president since Richard Nixon's 49-state landslide in 1972.
Primary elections
Democratic caucuses
Opinion polling
Results
- Caucus date
- March 1, 2016
Candidate | Popular vote | Estimated delegates | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Count | Percentage | Pledged | Unpledged | Total | |
Bernie Sanders | 72,846 | 58.98% | 41 | 0 | 41 |
Hillary Clinton | 49,789 | 40.31% | 25 | 9 | 34 |
Uncommitted | 822 | 0.67% | 0 | 3 | 3 |
Others | 51 | 0.04% | |||
Total | 123,508 | 100% | 66 | 12 | 78 |
Sources: The Green Papers and Colorado Democrats 2016 Caucus results |
District | Total estimate | Bernie Sanders | Hillary Clinton | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Votes | Estimated delegates |
Votes | Estimated delegates |
Votes | Estimated delegates | |
1st district | 29,474 | 8 | 16,232 | 4 | 13,242 | 4 |
2nd district | 30,624 | 7 | 19,376 | 4 | 11,248 | 3 |
3rd district | 14,671 | 6 | 8,956 | 4 | 5,715 | 2 |
4th district | 10,060 | 5 | 6,115 | 3 | 3,945 | 2 |
5th district | 10,315 | 5 | 6,338 | 3 | 3,977 | 2 |
6th district | 12,836 | 6 | 6,675 | 3 | 6,161 | 3 |
7th district | 14,655 | 6 | 9,154 | 4 | 5,501 | 4 |
At-large delegates | 122,635 | 14 | 72,846 | 8 | 49,789 | 6 |
Pledged PLEOs | 9 | 5 | 4 | |||
Total | 66 | 38 | 28 |
Results of the county assemblies Timeframe for the county assemblies: March 2–26, 2016
Colorado Democratic county assemblies, March 2–26, 2016
Candidate | State + District delegates[3] | Estimated delegates | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Count | Percentage | Pledged | Unpledged | Total | |
Bernie Sanders | 372 | 61.39% | |||
Hillary Clinton | 234 | 38.61% | |||
Uncommitted | |||||
Total | 606 | 100% |
- Results of the congressional district conventions
District | Delegates available |
Delegates won | |
---|---|---|---|
Sanders | Clinton | ||
1st district | 8 | 5 | 3 |
2nd district | 7 | 4 | 3 |
3rd district | 6 | 4 | 2 |
4th district | 5 | 3 | 2 |
5th district | 5 | 3 | 2 |
6th district | 6 | 3 | 3 |
7th district | 6 | 4 | 2 |
Total | 43 | 26 | 17 |
- Results of the state convention
State convention date: April 16, 2016
Candidate | State convention delegates | National delegates won | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Count | Percentage | At-large | PLEO | Total | |
Bernie Sanders | 1,900 | 62.3% | 9 | 6 | 15 |
Hillary Clinton | 1,150 | 37.7% | 5 | 3 | 8 |
Total | 3,050 | 100.0% | 14 | 9 | 23 |
Republican conventions
From April 2–8, 2016, conventions were held in each of Colorado's seven congressional districts. Cruz swept all seven, winning 21 delegates total.[4][5][6][7] On April 9, 2016, the state convention was held to elect the 13 statewide delegates and the 3 RNC delegates.[8] Again, Cruz won all 13 statewide at-large delegates.[9] Cruz was also the only candidate to address the state convention.
A proposal to forbid Colorado Republican delegates from voting for Donald Trump was written in March 2016 by Robert Zubrin.[10] The group "Colorado Republicans for Liberty" handed out fliers of Zubrin's resolution at the state's convention. Irregularities on the ballot were discovered at the state's convention. Delegate #379 (Jerome Parks, a Trump delegate) was replaced on the ballot with a duplicate of delegate #378 (a Ted Cruz delegate).[11] The Colorado Republican Party's Twitter account posted the message "We did it #NeverTrump" after Cruz received all the bound delegates at the April convention. The party claims somebody hacked its Twitter account, and the party claims to be investigating how the message was posted.[12][13] In May 2015, the Colorado Senate defeated a bill to hold a 2016 presidential primary. State senators Kevin Grantham, Kent Lambert, Laura J. Woods, and Jerry Sonnenberg voted to stop the bill.[14] Sonnenberg, Woods, Grantham, and Lambert are members of the Ted Cruz "Colorado Leadership Team" for Ted Cruz.[15] Congressman Ken Buck and Colorado Secretary of State Wayne Williams are also members of the Ted Cruz "Colorado Leadership Team".[15]
The conventions were selected through statewide caucuses, which were conducted at the precinct level on March 1.[8] No voter preference poll was held due to a decision in August by the state party to cancel it.[1]
Three candidates contested the Republican presidential conventions:
Marco Rubio and Ben Carson had dropped out of the race by the time the conventions were held, though they were still running during the March 1 caucuses.
Colorado Republican district conventions, April 2, 2016, April 7–8, 2016 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Candidate | Votes | Percentage | Actual delegate count | ||
Bound | Unbound | Total | |||
Ted Cruz | 0 | 0.0% | 17 | 4 | 21 |
Donald Trump | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0 | 0 |
John Kasich | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Marco Rubio (withdrawn) | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Ben Carson (withdrawn) | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Uncommitted | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Unprojected delegates: | 0 | 0 | 0 | ||
Total: | 0 | 100.00% | 17 | 4 | 21 |
Source: The Green Papers |
Colorado Republican state convention, April 9, 2016 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Candidate | Votes | Percentage | Actual delegate count | ||
Bound | Unbound | Total | |||
Ted Cruz | 0 | 0.0% | 13 | 0 | 13 |
Donald Trump | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 1 | 1 |
John Kasich | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Marco Rubio (withdrawn) | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Ben Carson (withdrawn) | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Uncommitted | 0 | 0.0% | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Unprojected delegates: | 0 | 2 | 2 | ||
Total: | 0 | 100.00% | 13 | 3 | 16 |
Source: The Green Papers |
Green Party convention
On April 3, the Green Party of Colorado held a presidential nominating convention in Centennial, Colorado, for registered Green voters.[16]
On April 4, the Green Party of Colorado announced that Jill Stein had won the convention and received all 5 delegates.[17]
Colorado Green Party Convention, April 3, 2016. | |||
---|---|---|---|
Candidate | Votes | Percentage | National delegates |
- | - | 5 | |
William Kreml | - | - | - |
Kent Mesplay | - | - | - |
Sedinam Moyowasifza-Curry | - | - | - |
Darryl Cherney | - | - | - |
Uncommitted | - | - | - |
Total | - | - | 5 |
Polling
Analysis
Historically, Colorado has been one of the most Republican states in the nation, having been one of the few states to vote against Franklin D. Roosevelt during the New Deal during the 1940 and the 1944 presidential elections. No Republican had won a presidential election without winning Colorado from 1908 through 2012. From 1920 to 2004, Colorado only voted Democratic four times–1992 (where Bill Clinton won by a plurality), 1964 (during Lyndon B. Johnson's 44-state landslide), and 1932 and 1936 (during Franklin D. Roosevelt's 46-state landslide).
However, increasing urbanization in the Front Range Urban Corridor, along with the growth of minority populations (especially Hispanics) have chipped away from Republican dominance in the state: while President George W. Bush won the state in the 2004 election, it was one of the few states where Republican performance fell (this time by half), leading to Barack Obama to carry the state twice in 2008 and 2012.
Trump improved upon previous Republican candidates in Southern Colorado, once the state's Democratic stronghold: however, the Democratic dominance of this blue collar, working class industrial area is starting to fade. Trump carried three of the area's counties (Conejos County, Las Animas County and Huerfano County), a feat not accomplished by any Republican since George H. W. Bush in his 1988 landslide: he also carried Pueblo County by a 0.49% margin, making it the closest county in the state.[18] Trump also did well in the Western Slope, where counties like Mesa County (home to Grand Junction) went for Trump on a 2–1 margin.
However, as is with the case with Nevada and other states in the American Southwest that have been experiencing increasing urbanization and a rapidly growing Hispanic population, Clinton won by running up the margins in the rapidly growing metro areas of the state - in this case, Denver and Colorado Springs. While Trump did win El Paso County (home of Colorado Springs), he won with only 56% of the vote, performing worse than McCain did in the 2008 election. Clinton made up for lost votes in rest of the state through larger margins in Boulder and the nearby Denver Metropolitan Area, where power is usually split between Democrats and moderate Republicans downballot: very rarely has any race statewide been won without carrying the area. Trump only won one county in the metro area (Douglas County—home to suburbs such as Parker, Highlands Ranch and Castle Rock), but with only 54% of the vote—one of the poorest performances in the area's most Republican county in decades. Clinton exceeded Obama's performance in the City and County of Denver and Boulder County, the Democrats' main base in Colorado; while she was not able to exceed Obama's performance in the suburban counties surrounding Denver, Trump posted some of the worst results Republicans have in decades in this region. Trump only won 39% of the vote in Arapahoe County, which includes some of the largest Denver suburbs such as Aurora and Centennial; before Obama won this county in 2008, this county had not gone Democratic since 1964 (not even Bill Clinton could win here even while he carried the state in 1992). Trump barely got over 40% in surrounding Jefferson and Adams counties (partially due to a surge in third party voters for Gary Johnson). The Republican losses in this vital area ultimately handed the state to Clinton.
In downballot races, Mike Coffman was ultimately able to hold on to his seat in a Clinton-carried district around Arapahoe County. Democrats made big gains in this area in the State House and Senate. However, Republicans were able to gain a seat in Adams County, ultimately holding on to the State Senate.
General election
Predictions
- ABC News: Leans Clinton[19]
- CNN: Leans Clinton[20]
- Cook Political Report: Leans Clinton[21]
- Electoral-vote.com: Leans Clinton[22]
- Sabato's Crystal Ball: Likely Clinton[23]
Statewide results
2016 U.S. presidential election in Colorado[24] | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Party | Presidential candidate | Popular Vote | Electoral Vote | ||||
Count | Percentage | ||||||
Democratic | Hillary Clinton | 1,338,870 | 48.12% | 9 | |||
Republican | Donald Trump | 1,202,484 | 43.31% | 0 | |||
Libertarian | Gary Johnson | 144,121 | 5.17% | 0 | |||
Green | Jill Stein | 38,437 | 1.37% | 0 | |||
Independent | Evan McMullin | 28,917 | 1.04% | 0 | |||
Other | | 27,391 | 0.99% | 0 | |||
Write-in | | 27 | 0.00% | 0 | |||
Date | November 8, 2016 | Total voters | Registered: 3,840,159 Eligible: 3,896,986 | ||||
Turnout % | Registered: 74.46% VAP: 73.37% |
Turnout Votes | Valid Votes: 2,780,247 Invalid Votes: 78,969 |
Results by county
County | Clinton% | Clinton# | Trump% | Trump# | Johnson% | Johnson# | Others% | Others# | Total[18] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adams | 49.86% | 96,558 | 41.35% | 80,082 | 5.11% | 9,893 | 3.70% | 7,144 | 193,677 |
Alamosa | 45.96% | 3,189 | 43.90% | 3,046 | 5.84% | 405 | 4.31% | 299 | 6,939 |
Arapahoe | 52.76% | 159,885 | 38.63% | 117,053 | 5.28% | 16,002 | 3.33% | 10,108 | 303,048 |
Archuleta | 34.06% | 2,500 | 58.10% | 4,264 | 4.51% | 331 | 3.32% | 244 | 7,339 |
Baca | 13.14% | 283 | 81.42% | 1,753 | 2.37% | 51 | 3.07% | 66 | 2,153 |
Bent | 30.62% | 590 | 61.65% | 1,188 | 4.31% | 83 | 3.42% | 66 | 1,927 |
Boulder | 70.34% | 132,334 | 22.00% | 41,396 | 4.27% | 8,034 | 3.39% | 6,381 | 188,145 |
Broomfield | 52.35% | 19,731 | 38.12% | 14,367 | 5.77% | 2,174 | 3.76% | 1,418 | 37,690 |
Chaffee | 43.45% | 4,888 | 47.92% | 5,391 | 4.77% | 537 | 3.86% | 434 | 11,250 |
Cheyenne | 11.98% | 132 | 83.94% | 925 | 2.81% | 31 | 1.26% | 14 | 1,102 |
Clear Creek | 46.52% | 2,729 | 43.90% | 2,575 | 6.22% | 365 | 3.36% | 197 | 5,866 |
Conejos | 44.03% | 1,771 | 47.59% | 1,914 | 4.13% | 166 | 4.25% | 171 | 4,022 |
Costilla | 60.88% | 1,125 | 31.82% | 588 | 4.49% | 83 | 2.81% | 52 | 1,848 |
Crowley | 22.20% | 339 | 70.66% | 1,079 | 4.13% | 63 | 3.02% | 46 | 1,527 |
Custer | 25.99% | 797 | 67.22% | 2,061 | 4.60% | 141 | 2.18% | 67 | 3,066 |
Delta | 24.34% | 4,087 | 69.42% | 11,655 | 2.83% | 475 | 3.41% | 573 | 16,790 |
Denver | 73.69% | 244,551 | 18.89% | 62,690 | 4.48% | 14,861 | 2.94% | 9,750 | 331,852 |
Dolores | 19.28% | 242 | 75.22% | 944 | 2.47% | 31 | 3.04% | 38 | 1,255 |
Douglas | 36.62% | 68,657 | 54.71% | 102,573 | 5.45% | 10,212 | 3.23% | 6,058 | 187,500 |
Eagle | 55.90% | 14,099 | 35.64% | 8,990 | 5.42% | 1,368 | 3.04% | 766 | 25,223 |
El Paso | 33.86% | 108,010 | 56.19% | 179,228 | 6.23% | 19,877 | 3.71% | 11,853 | 318,968 |
Elbert | 19.61% | 3,134 | 73.26% | 11,705 | 4.17% | 666 | 2.97% | 475 | 15,980 |
Fremont | 24.11% | 5,297 | 68.82% | 15,122 | 4.05% | 890 | 3.03% | 664 | 21,973 |
Garfield | 42.58% | 11,271 | 49.61% | 13,132 | 4.29% | 1,135 | 3.53% | 932 | 26,470 |
Gilpin | 45.69% | 1,634 | 43.79% | 1,566 | 5.40% | 193 | 5.12% | 183 | 3,576 |
Grand | 39.10% | 3,358 | 52.33% | 4,494 | 5.67% | 487 | 2.90% | 249 | 8,588 |
Gunnison | 54.48% | 5,128 | 34.94% | 3,289 | 6.32% | 595 | 4.25% | 400 | 9,412 |
Hinsdale | 33.45% | 197 | 57.56% | 339 | 4.58% | 27 | 4.42% | 26 | 589 |
Huerfano | 43.17% | 1,633 | 49.78% | 1,883 | 3.99% | 151 | 3.06% | 116 | 3,783 |
Jackson | 19.86% | 171 | 73.05% | 629 | 4.76% | 41 | 2.32% | 20 | 861 |
Jefferson | 48.89% | 160,776 | 42.01% | 138,177 | 5.64% | 18,537 | 3.47% | 11,393 | 328,883 |
Kiowa | 10.64% | 91 | 85.15% | 728 | 2.81% | 24 | 1.40% | 12 | 855 |
Kit Carson | 14.48% | 536 | 80.15% | 2,967 | 2.57% | 95 | 2.81% | 104 | 3,702 |
La Plata | 49.84% | 15,525 | 40.41% | 12,587 | 6.03% | 1,878 | 3.72% | 1,160 | 31,150 |
Lake | 50.52% | 1,616 | 39.70% | 1,270 | 5.41% | 173 | 4.39% | 140 | 3,199 |
Larimer | 47.51% | 93,113 | 42.57% | 83,430 | 5.87% | 11,510 | 4.04% | 7,928 | 195,981 |
Las Animas | 39.01% | 2,650 | 54.62% | 3,710 | 3.69% | 251 | 2.68% | 182 | 6,793 |
Lincoln | 16.79% | 409 | 77.67% | 1,892 | 3.16% | 77 | 2.38% | 58 | 2,436 |
Logan | 19.04% | 1,851 | 74.90% | 7,282 | 3.28% | 319 | 2.78% | 270 | 9,722 |
Mesa | 27.98% | 21,729 | 64.10% | 49,779 | 4.73% | 3,675 | 3.18% | 2,471 | 77,654 |
Mineral | 36.35% | 237 | 52.76% | 344 | 6.44% | 42 | 4.45% | 29 | 652 |
Moffat | 13.39% | 874 | 81.30% | 5,305 | 2.74% | 179 | 2.57% | 167 | 6,525 |
Montezuma | 30.90% | 3,973 | 61.07% | 7,853 | 4.23% | 544 | 3.79% | 488 | 12,858 |
Montrose | 25.80% | 5,466 | 67.88% | 14,382 | 3.47% | 735 | 2.85% | 603 | 21,186 |
Morgan | 26.35% | 3,151 | 68.10% | 8,145 | 2.93% | 350 | 2.63% | 314 | 11,960 |
Otero | 34.82% | 2,943 | 58.31% | 4,928 | 3.79% | 320 | 3.08% | 261 | 8,452 |
Ouray | 51.27% | 1,697 | 40.82% | 1,351 | 4.53% | 150 | 3.38% | 112 | 3,310 |
Park | 32.84% | 3,421 | 58.89% | 6,135 | 4.89% | 509 | 3.38% | 352 | 10,417 |
Phillips | 18.70% | 436 | 76.80% | 1,791 | 2.57% | 60 | 1.93% | 45 | 2,332 |
Pitkin | 69.69% | 7,333 | 24.23% | 2,550 | 3.55% | 374 | 2.53% | 266 | 10,523 |
Prowers | 23.64% | 1,186 | 70.39% | 3,531 | 3.09% | 155 | 2.88% | 144 | 5,016 |
Pueblo | 45.62% | 35,875 | 46.11% | 36,265 | 5.18% | 4,072 | 3.09% | 2,434 | 78,646 |
Rio Blanco | 12.64% | 436 | 80.90% | 2,791 | 3.42% | 118 | 3.04% | 105 | 3,450 |
Rio Grande | 36.16% | 2,001 | 55.75% | 3,085 | 4.19% | 232 | 3.90% | 216 | 5,534 |
Routt | 54.34% | 7,600 | 37.39% | 5,230 | 5.16% | 722 | 3.10% | 434 | 13,986 |
Saguache | 49.98% | 1,417 | 40.46% | 1,147 | 3.25% | 92 | 6.31% | 179 | 2,835 |
San Juan | 52.37% | 265 | 42.49% | 215 | 3.36% | 17 | 1.79% | 9 | 506 |
San Miguel | 68.72% | 2,975 | 23.86% | 1,033 | 3.56% | 154 | 3.87% | 167 | 4,329 |
Sedgwick | 19.57% | 267 | 74.41% | 1,015 | 2.05% | 28 | 3.96% | 54 | 1,364 |
Summit | 59.09% | 9,557 | 31.53% | 5,100 | 6.18% | 1,000 | 3.20% | 517 | 16,174 |
Teller | 24.94% | 3,603 | 67.47% | 9,745 | 4.67% | 674 | 2.92% | 422 | 14,444 |
Washington | 10.83% | 296 | 84.12% | 2,299 | 3.00% | 82 | 2.05% | 56 | 2,733 |
Weld | 34.45% | 46,519 | 56.60% | 76,651 | 5.53% | 7,487 | 3.52% | 4,773 | 135,430 |
Yuma | 15.15% | 726 | 80.36% | 3,850 | 2.46% | 118 | 2.02% | 97 | 4,791 |
Colorado Total | 48.16% | 1,338,870 | 43.25% | 1,202,484 | 5.18% | 144,121 | 3.41% | 94,772 | 2,780,247 |
By congressional district
Clinton won 4 of 7 congressional districts including one held by a Republican representative.[25]
District | Trump | Clinton | Representative |
---|---|---|---|
1st | 23% | 69% | Diana DeGette |
2nd | 35% | 56% | Jared Polis |
3rd | 52% | 40% | Scott Tipton |
4th | 57% | 34% | Ken Buck |
5th | 57% | 33% | Doug Lamborn |
6th | 41% | 50% | Mike Coffman |
7th | 40% | 52% | Ed Perlmutter |
See also
References
- John Frank (August 25, 2015). "Colorado Republicans cancel presidential vote at 2016 caucus". The Denver Post. Retrieved May 12, 2016.
- "Colorado Democratic Delegation 2016". Thegreenpapers.com. Retrieved 2016-11-13.
- "CDP National Delegate Candidates.xlsx" (PDF). Coloradodems.org. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-04-15. Retrieved 2016-11-13.
- "Ted Cruz wins first 6 Colorado delegates, Donald Trump shut out". The Spot. Retrieved May 12, 2016.
- Benjy Sarlin. "Colorado Loss Reveals Chaotic, Overwhelmed Trump Campaign". NBC News. Retrieved May 12, 2016.
- "2016 Presidential Caucuses & Conventions". thegreenpapers.com. Retrieved May 12, 2016.
- "Ted Cruz Wins Majority of Delegates in Colorado". The New York Times. April 9, 2016. Retrieved May 12, 2016.
- "Colorado Republican Delegation 2016". thegreenpapers.com. Retrieved May 12, 2016.
- John Frank & Joey Bunch (April 9, 2016). "Ted Cruz dominates Colorado GOP convention winning all 34 delegates". The Denver Post. Retrieved May 12, 2016.CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link)
- "Blog: Colorado GOP resolution: No voting for Trump". americanthinker.com. Retrieved May 12, 2016.
- Benjy Sarlin. "Cruz Sweeps Colorado as Trump Campaign Issues Error-Filled Ballots". NBC News. Retrieved May 12, 2016.
- Oscar Contreras (2016-04-10). "Colorado GOP hastily deletes 'Never Trump' tweet following sweeping Ted Cruz delegate victory - 7NEWS Denver". Thedenverchannel.com. Retrieved 2016-11-13.
- "Colorado GOP deletes #nevertrump tweet, pledges investigation". POLITICO. Retrieved May 12, 2016.
- "Senate GOP kills party's own push for 2016 presidential primary". The Spot. Retrieved May 12, 2016.
- "Cruz for President Announces Colorado Leadership Team". Cruz for President. Archived from the original on May 7, 2016. Retrieved May 12, 2016.
- "PRESIDENTIAL NOMINATION CONVENTION". Colorado Green Party. 2015-12-14. Retrieved 2016-02-20.
- "Green Party of Colorado". Retrieved April 4, 2016.
- http://uselectionatlas.org/RESULTS/
- "The Final 15: The Latest Polls in the Swing States That Will Decide the Election". ABC News. November 8, 2016. Retrieved March 3, 2019.
- Chalian, David (November 4, 2016). "Road to 270: CNN's new election map". CNN. Retrieved March 3, 2019.
- "2016 Electoral Scorecard". The Cook Political Report. November 7, 2016. Retrieved March 3, 2019.
- "2016 Electoral Map Prediction". Electoral-vote.com. November 8, 2016. Retrieved March 3, 2019.
- Sabato, Larry J. (November 7, 2016). "2016 President". University of Virginia Center for Politics. Retrieved March 3, 2019.
- Williams, Wayne W. (November 16, 2016). "Colorado Election Results". Colorado Secretary of State. Retrieved November 16, 2016.
- http://www.swingstateproject.com/diary/4161/