落

落 (radical 140, 艸+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 廿水竹口 (TEHR), four-corner 4416₄, composition ⿱艹洛)

• KangXi: page 1043, character 11
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31362
• Dae Jaweon: page 1503, character 20
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 5, page 3255, character 8
• Unihan data for U+843D

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡ·raːɡ) : semantic 艹 + phonetic 洛 (OC *ɡ·raːɡ).

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(k/g)la-k/y/t (“to fall”) (STEDT, Schuessler, 2007):

within Sinitic, cognate to 露 (OC *ɡ·raːɡs) "dew", 下 (OC *ɡraːʔ, *ɡraːs, “down, below, to descend, to fall down”) , 陊 (OC *l'aːlʔ, *l'alʔ) "to collapse" and 阤 (OC *l'alʔ, *hljalʔ) "hillside, slope";

outsides Sinitic, cognate to Mizo tla ~ tlâk (“to fall”) and thla ~ thlâk (“to drop”), Burmese [script needed] (kya, “to fall”) and [script needed] (khya, “to drop”).

Schuessler attributes OC *r-, instead of expected **l-, to possible Austroasiatic influence: compare Khmer [script needed] (gra'ka, “be low, debased”) < [script needed] (-ra'ka, “to fall, below, cover from above”). However, Matisoff (2003) identifies several ST etyma which display TB *(C‑)l- vs. OC *(C‑)r‑ correspondence (e.g. *g-rjum (“salt”) → 鹽 (OC g-la:m); *l(j)a(k/ŋ) (“good, beautiful”) → 良 (OC *raŋ), etc.); so irregularities in correspondence do not necessarily indicate foreign influences.

落

1. to fall; to drop

   日落  ―  rìluò  ―  sunset; sundown

   花落知多少 [Classical Chinese, trad. and simp.]

   From: Meng Haoran

   huā luò zhī duōshǎo [Pinyin]

   How many are the fallen flowers?

2. to leave out
3. to leave behind
4. to lag; to fall behind
5. to be on the wane; to write down; to settle
6. (Cantonese, Min Nan) to go down; to get out of

   落船 [Guangzhou Cantonese]  ―  lok⁶ syun⁴ [Jyutping]  ―  to disembark from a boat

   落車 / 落车 [Guangzhou Cantonese]  ―  lok⁶ ce¹ [Jyutping]  ―  to exit a car

7. (Cantonese, Min Nan) to fall down; to rain or snow

   啲雨一滴都未落佢已經喺度攞住把遮行。 [Cantonese, trad.]
   啲雨一滴都未落佢已经喺度攞住把遮行。 [Cantonese, simp.]

   Di¹ jyu⁵ jat¹ dik¹ dou¹ mei⁶ lok⁶ keoi⁵ ji⁵ ging¹ hai² dou⁶ lo² zyu⁶ baa² ze¹ haang⁴. [Jyutping]

   He had already started to carry an umbrella before the rain even began to fall.

8. (Cantonese, Min Nan) to put in

   落味精 [Cantonese]  ―  lok⁶ mei⁶ zing¹ [Jyutping]  ―  to add MSG

9. (Cantonese) down [onto; to]

   打落地下度 [Cantonese]  ―  daa² lok⁶ dei⁶ haa^6-2 dou⁶ [Jyutping]  ―  to hit something and cause it to fall to the ground

10. to come down
11. to fall down
12. into
13. (Min Dong) a classifier for residences

• 下 (xià)
• 加 (jiā, “to add”)
• 掉 (diào)

• → Ai-Cham: lau⁵
• → Thai: โละ (ló) (via Teochew loh8)
• → Vietnamese: lạc

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

1. to fall
2. to leave behind
3. to drop
4. to come down

• Go-on: らく (raku, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: らく (raku, Jōyō)
• Kun: おちる (ochiru, 落ちる, Jōyō); おとす (otosu, 落とす, Jōyō); さと (sato)
• Nanori: おち (ochi)

• 落 (お)ちる (ochiru)

落 (eumhun 떨어질 락 (tteoreojil rak), South Korea 떨어질 낙 (tteoreojil nak))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

落 (lạc, lác, lát, nhác, rác, rạc, xạc)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.