額

See also: 额
額 U+984D, 額
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-984D
← 題
[U+984C] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 顎 →
[U+984E]

Translingual

Han character

額 (radical 181, 頁+9, 18 strokes, cangjie input 十口一月金 (JRMBC), four-corner 31686, composition ⿰客頁)

Descendants

References
  • KangXi: page 1406, character 40
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 43586
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1924, character 17
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 7, page 4384, character 4
  • Unihan data for U+984D

Chinese
trad. 額
simp. 额
variant forms 頟

Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (各) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
髂 *kʰraːɡs
路 *ɡ·raːɡs
輅 *ɡ·raːɡs
賂 *ɡ·raːɡs
虂 *ɡ·raːɡs
露 *ɡ·raːɡs
潞 *raːɡs
鷺 *raːɡs
璐 *raːɡs
簬 *raːɡs
簵 *ɡ·raːɡs
洛 *ɡ·raːɡ
駱 *ɡ·raːɡ
絡 *ɡ·raːɡ
酪 *ɡ·raːɡ
烙 *ɡ·raːɡ
雒 *ɡ·raːɡ
珞 *ɡ·raːɡ
硌 *ɡ·raːɡ
袼 *ɡ·raːɡ, *klaːɡ
笿 *ɡ·raːɡ
鉻 *ɡ·raːɡ, *kraːɡ
鮥 *ɡ·raːɡ
鵅 *ɡ·raːɡ, *kraːɡ
挌 *ɡ·raːɡ, *kraːɡ
落 *ɡ·raːɡ
各 *klaːɡ
胳 *klaːɡ
閣 *klaːɡ
格 *klaːɡ, *kraːɡ
擱 *klaːɡ
恪 *kʰlaːɡ
愙 *kʰaːɡ
貉 *ɡlaːɡ, *mɡraːɡ
狢 *ɡlaːɡ
佫 *ɡlaːɡ
略 *ɡ·raɡ
茖 *kraːɡ
骼 *kraːɡ
觡 *kraːɡ
蛒 *kraːɡ
敋 *kraːɡ
客 *kʰraːɡ
喀 *kʰraːɡ
揢 *kʰraːɡ
額 *ŋɡraːɡ
峉 *ŋɡraːɡ
頟 *ŋɡraːɡ
詻 *ŋɡraːɡ
垎 *ɡraːɡ
楁 *ɡraːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ŋɡraːɡ) : phonetic 客 (OC *kʰraːɡ) + semantic 頁 (“head”).

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-ŋa-k (“forehead; cockscomb”).

This word is only attested during Han and later. Wang (1982) suggested that it is cognate with 顏 (OC *ŋraːn, “face”), whereas Schuessler (2007) considers it a semantic extension of 詻 (OC *ŋɡraːɡ, “to face”).

The relationship to Proto-Mon-Khmer *[t₁]ʔah (“forehead”), whence Khmer ថ្ងាស (thngah), is unclear.

Pronunciation
Note: ngaak6-2 - “top part, board, amount”.
Note:
  • ngiăh>ngiĕh - “forehead”;
  • ngiăh - “top part, board, amount”.
Note:
  • hia̍h - vernacular (“forehead, top part, board”);
  • gia̍h - vernacular (“amount”);
  • ge̍k/gia̍k - literary.
Rime
Character 額
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 疑 (31)
Final (韻) 陌 (113)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 五陌切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ŋˠæk̚/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ŋᵚak̚/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ŋak̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ŋaɨjk̚/
Li
Rong		 /ŋɐk̚/
Wang
Li		 /ŋɐk̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ŋɐk̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 è
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 額
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 é
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ ngæk ›
Old
Chinese		 /*C.ŋˁrak/ (no pre-Qín exx?)
English forehead

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 額
Reading # 1/1
No. 3906
Phonetic
component		 各
Rime
group		 鐸
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 額
Old
Chinese		 /*ŋɡraːɡ/
Notes 說文作頟

Definitions

額

  1. (anatomy) forehead
  2. (figuratively) top part
  3. (figuratively) horizontal inscribed board; tablet; plaque
  4. amount; quantity; number

Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 前額 (“forehead”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 額, 顙, 顱
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 前額, 額頭, 額門, 眉宇
Mandarin Beijing 腦門兒, 腦門子, 頁勒蓋兒
Taiwan 額頭
Harbin 腦門子, 腦門兒
Shenyang 腦門子, 腦門兒
Hailar 額頭
Ulanhot 奔兒嘍, 奔兒嘍頭
Tongliao 奔兒嘍, 奔兒嘍頭
Chifeng 腦門兒
Bayanhot 天門
Jinan 額拉蓋兒
Muping 額楞蓋
Luoyang 額樓, 額樓頭
Wanrong 額頭
Wanrong (Ronghe) 腦門子
Xi'an 額顱
Zhengzhou 囟門頭
Xining 額目頭
Xuzhou 額頭子, 腦門子
Yinchuan 腦門子
Lanzhou 崩樓
Ürümqi 崩樓
Wuhan 額殼
Huanggang 腦殼
Chengdu 額顱
Guiyang 額頭
Liuzhou 額頭
Kunming 腦門
Yangzhou 額頭
Nanjing 額腦殼
Hefei 額腦頭
Sokuluk (Gansu Dungan) 奔顱, 腦門子
Masanchin (Shaanxi Dungan) 額顱
Cantonese Guangzhou 額頭
Hong Kong 額頭
Hong Kong (San Tin Weitou) 額, 額頭
Foshan 額頭
Shunde 額頭
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 額頭
Doumen (Shangheng Tanka) 額頭
Taishan 眉頭
Kaiping (Chikan) 眉頭
Dongguan 額
Shaoguan 額頭
Yunfu 前額
Yangjiang 額頭
Xinyi 額頭
Lianjiang 額頭
Danzhou 額
Kuala Lumpur 額頭
Ho Chi Minh City 額頭
Gan Nanchang 天門
Lichuan 額角, 額
Pingxiang 額殼
Hakka Meixian 額角
Xingning 額角
Huidong (Daling) 額角, 額門
Qujiang 額角
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 額門
Changting 額角, 額頭
Pingyu 額角
Wuping 額頭, 額門
Liancheng 額角
Ninghua 額早, 額角
Yudu 額頭, 天門
Ruijin 額膛
Shicheng 額角, 額
Shangyou 額門
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 額頭
Liudui (S. Sixian) 額頭
Hsinchu (Hailu) 額頭
Dongshi (Dabu) 額頭
Hsinchu (Raoping) 額頭
Yunlin (Zhao'an) 額頭
Hong Kong 額門頭
Senai 額門頭
Huizhou Jixi 花額, 牛頭前
Jin Taiyuan 崩兒顱, 崩頭, 前崩顱
Baochang 腦門
Jining 眉頭, 眉棱骨
Hohhot 眉棱骨
Baotou 眉頭, 眉棱骨
Dongsheng 額
Linhe 崩臚
Haibowan 崩臚
Min Bei Jian'ou 額頭
Dikou 頭囟
Zhenqian 額頭
Shibei 額頭
Min Dong Fuzhou 額頭
Fuqing 額, 頭額
Fu'an 額頭舷
Ningde 頭額頭
Min Nan Xiamen 頭額, 天平, 額𩉍, 眉額, 前擴
Quanzhou 頭額, 天平, 前擴
Zhangzhou 頭額, 天平, 額𩉍, 天額, 前擴
Taipei 頭額
Kaohsiung 頭殼額仔
Tainan 頭額
Taichung 頭額, 額頭
Hsinchu 頭額
Lukang 天平
Sanxia 頭額
Yilan 頭額
Kinmen 額, 頭額
Magong 頭額
Penang 額, 頭額
Philippines (Manila) 頭額
Chaozhou 額門神
Shantou 額頭, 額門神
Haifeng 前枕
Johor Bahru 額
Wenchang 頭額, 囟額
Haikou 頭額
Leizhou 頭額
Puxian Min Putian 額頭前
Xianyou 額頭
Pinghua Nanning 額前頭
Wu Shanghai 額角頭
Suzhou 額角頭
Wuxi 額角頭
Hangzhou 額骨頭, 額角頭
Wenzhou 額頭, 門前額
Chongming 額骨頭
Danyang 額角頭, 額頭
Jinhua 頭角, 額骨頭, 額角頭
Ningbo 腦殼頭, 額角頭
Xiang Changsha 額殼, 額角, 額頭
Shuangfeng 額頭
Loudi 額頭

Compounds
Derived terms from 額

Japanese

Kanji
額

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
額
ひたい
Grade: 5
kun’yomi

Pronunciation

Noun

額 (hiragana ひたい, rōmaji hitai, historical hiragana ひたひ)

  1. forehead
Synonyms
Derived terms

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
額
がく
Grade: 5
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 額 (MC ŋˠæk̚).

Pronunciation

Noun

額 (hiragana がく, rōmaji gaku)

  1. framed picture
  2. sum, amount
Derived terms

Etymology 3
Kanji in this term
額
ぬか
Grade: 5
kun’yomi

Pronunciation

Noun

額 (hiragana ぬか, rōmaji nuka)

  1. forehead
  2. kowtowing
Derived terms

References
  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

額 • (aek) (hangeul 액, revised aek, McCune–Reischauer aek, Yale ayk)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

額 (ngạch, nghệch, nghách, nghạch)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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