落ちる
Japanese
| Kanji in this term |
|---|
| 落 |
| お Grade: 3 |
| kun’yomi |
Etymology
/ot͡su/ → /ot͡ʃiru/
From Old Japanese 落つ (otsu, “to fall”), which underwent the same Muromachi period shift as all 二段活用動詞 (nidan katsuyō dōshi, “bigrade-conjugation verbs”).[1][2]
Verb
落ちる (intransitive, ichidan conjugation, hiragana おちる, rōmaji ochiru)
| Japanese verb pair | |
|---|---|
| active | 落とす |
| mediopassive | 落ちる |
- to fall
- (computing) to go down (as when a computer or application becomes unresponsive)
- (electrical engineering, of a circuit breaker) to trip
- ブレーカーが落ちた
- burēkā ga ochita
- the circuit breaker tripped
- ブレーカーが落ちた
Conjugation
Conjugation of "落ちる" (See Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Stem forms | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperfective (未然形) | 落ち | おち | ochi | |
| Continuative (連用形) | 落ち | おち | ochi | |
| Terminal (終止形) | 落ちる | おちる | ochiru | |
| Attributive (連体形) | 落ちる | おちる | ochiru | |
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | 落ちれ | おちれ | ochire | |
| Imperative (命令形) | 落ちよ¹ 落ちろ² |
おちよ¹ おちろ² |
ochiyo¹ ochiro² | |
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | 落ちられる | おちられる | ochirareru | |
| Causative | 落ちさせる 落ちさす |
おちさせる おちさす |
ochisaseru ochisasu | |
| Potential | 落ちられる 落ちれる³ |
おちられる おちれる³ |
ochirareru ochireru³ | |
| Volitional | 落ちよう | おちよう | ochiyō | |
| Negative | 落ちない 落ちぬ 落ちん |
おちない おちぬ おちん |
ochinai ochinu ochin | |
| Negative continuative | 落ちず | おちず | ochizu | |
| Formal | 落ちます | おちます | ochimasu | |
| Perfective | 落ちた | おちた | ochita | |
| Conjunctive | 落ちて | おちて | ochite | |
| Hypothetical conditional | 落ちれば | おちれば | ochireba | |
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential | ||||
Classical conjugation of "落つ" (タ行上二段活用, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)
| Stem forms | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Irrealis (未然形) | 落ち | おち | oti |
| Continuative (連用形) | 落ち | おち | oti |
| Terminal (終止形) | 落つ | おつ | otu |
| Attributive (連体形) | 落つる | おつる | oturu |
| Realis (已然形) | 落つれ | おつれ | oture |
| Imperative (命令形) | 落ちよ | おちよ | otiyo |
| Key constructions | |||
| Negative | 落ちず | おちず | otizu |
| Contrasting conjunction | 落つれど | おつれど | oturedo |
| Causal conjunction | 落つれば | おつれば | otureba |
| Conditional conjunction | 落ちば | おちば | otiba |
| Past tense (firsthand knowledge) | 落ちき | おちき | otiki |
| Past tense (secondhand knowledge) | 落ちけり | おちけり | otikeri |
| Perfect tense (conscious action) | 落ちつ | おちつ | otitu |
| Perfect tense (natural event) | 落ちぬ | おちぬ | otinu |
| Perfect-continuative tense | 落ちたり | おちたり | otitari |
Idioms
- 猿も木から落ちる (saru mo ki kara ochiru): “even monkeys fall from trees” → even the experts make mistakes
References
- 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
- 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
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