未

See also: 木, 夫, 末, 禾, and 耒
未 U+672A, 未
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-672A
← 朩
[U+6729] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 末 →
[U+672B]

Translingual
Stroke order

Han character

未 (radical 75, 木+1, 5 strokes, cangjie input 十木 (JD), four-corner 50900, composition ⿻一木)

Derived characters

References
  • KangXi: page 509, character 5
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 14419
  • Dae Jaweon: page 890, character 3
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1150, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+672A

Chinese
simp. and trad.
 未

Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (未) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
寐 *mids
魅 *mrɯds
鬽 *mrɯds
昧 *mɯːds
妹 *mɯːds
眛 *maːds, *mɯːds
沬 *maːds, *hmɯːds, *mɯds
未 *mɯds
味 *mɯds
鮇 *mɯds
菋 *mɯds

Pictogram (象形) – a tree with two layers of branches, or a tree's top branches not yet at full growth, signifying not grown (yet)

Etymology

Pulleyblank (1995), apud Schuessler (2007), proposes that this word results from a fusion of negative root *m- with perfective particle 既 (jì, “already”).

Pronunciation
Note:
  • muôi - vernacular;
  • ê - literary.
Note:
  • bē/bēr/bōe/běr - vernacular;
  • bī - literary.
Note:
  • bhuê7 - “not; have not”;
  • bhi7 - one of the earthly branches.
Note:
  • 3mi - vernacular;
  • 3vi - literary.
Rime
Character 未
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 明 (4)
Final (韻) 微 (21)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Closed
Division (等) III
Fanqie 無沸切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /mʉiH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /mʷɨiH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /miuəiH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /mujH/
Li
Rong		 /miuəiH/
Wang
Li		 /mĭwəiH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /mwe̯iH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 wèi
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 未 未
Reading # 1/2 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 wèi wèi
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ mjɨjH › ‹ mjɨjH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*m[ə]t-s/ /*m[ə]t-s/
English not yet 8th earthly branch

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 未
Reading # 1/1
No. 12917
Phonetic
component		 未
Rime
group		 隊
Rime
subdivision		 1
Corresponding
MC rime		 未
Old
Chinese		 /*mɯds/
Notes 從屮從木與芔字同根，
陳獨秀雲木上加屮象幼枝

Definitions

未

  1. to have not; not yet
    未來 / 未来  ―  wèilái  ―  future [lit. have not come]
  2. not
  3. † Alternative form of 味 (wèi).
  4. (Cantonese, Min) used at the end of questions to ask if one has done something yet
    食飽未？ / 食饱未？ [Cantonese]  ―  Sik6 baau2 mei6? [Jyutping]  ―  Are you full yet?
  5. eighth of twelve earthly branches
  6. lamb (羊) of Chinese zodiac

Coordinate terms

Compounds
Derived terms from 未

Descendants
Sino-Xenic (未):

Others:

  • → Vietnamese: Mùi

Further reading

Japanese

Kanji
未

(grade 4 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
未
ひつじ
Grade: 4
kun’yomi

From 羊 (hitsuji, “sheep”)

Pronunciation

Proper noun

未 (hiragana ひつじ, rōmaji Hitsuji)

  1. the Sheep, the eighth of the twelve Earthly Branches

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
未
み
Grade: 4
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 未 (mjɨjH)

Prefix

未 (hiragana み, rōmaji mi-)

  1. un-; in- (not yet)

Proper noun

未 (hiragana み, rōmaji Mi)

  1. the Sheep, the eighth of the twelve Earthly Branches

Korean

Hanja

未 (eum 미 (mi))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

未: Hán Nôm readings: mùi, vị

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.