露

露 U+9732, 露
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9732
← 霱
[U+9731] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 霳 →
[U+9733]

Translingual

Han character

露 (radical 173, 雨+13, 21 strokes, cangjie input 一月口一口 (MBRMR), four-corner 10164, composition ⿱⻗路)

See also

References
  • KangXi: page 1378, character 22
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 42463
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1887, character 38
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 6, page 4078, character 6
  • Unihan data for U+9732

Chinese
simp. and trad.
 露

Glyph origin
Historical forms of the character 露
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (各) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
髂 *kʰraːɡs
路 *ɡ·raːɡs
輅 *ɡ·raːɡs
賂 *ɡ·raːɡs
虂 *ɡ·raːɡs
露 *ɡ·raːɡs
潞 *raːɡs
鷺 *raːɡs
璐 *raːɡs
簬 *raːɡs
簵 *ɡ·raːɡs
洛 *ɡ·raːɡ
駱 *ɡ·raːɡ
絡 *ɡ·raːɡ
酪 *ɡ·raːɡ
烙 *ɡ·raːɡ
雒 *ɡ·raːɡ
珞 *ɡ·raːɡ
硌 *ɡ·raːɡ
袼 *ɡ·raːɡ, *klaːɡ
笿 *ɡ·raːɡ
鉻 *ɡ·raːɡ, *kraːɡ
鮥 *ɡ·raːɡ
鵅 *ɡ·raːɡ, *kraːɡ
挌 *ɡ·raːɡ, *kraːɡ
落 *ɡ·raːɡ
各 *klaːɡ
胳 *klaːɡ
閣 *klaːɡ
格 *klaːɡ, *kraːɡ
擱 *klaːɡ
恪 *kʰlaːɡ
愙 *kʰaːɡ
貉 *ɡlaːɡ, *mɡraːɡ
狢 *ɡlaːɡ
佫 *ɡlaːɡ
略 *ɡ·raɡ
茖 *kraːɡ
骼 *kraːɡ
觡 *kraːɡ
蛒 *kraːɡ
敋 *kraːɡ
客 *kʰraːɡ
喀 *kʰraːɡ
揢 *kʰraːɡ
額 *ŋɡraːɡ
峉 *ŋɡraːɡ
頟 *ŋɡraːɡ
詻 *ŋɡraːɡ
垎 *ɡraːɡ
楁 *ɡraːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ɡ·raːɡs) : semantic 雨 + phonetic 路 (OC *ɡ·raːɡs).

Etymology 1

A derivative of 落 (OC *ɡ·raːɡ) (Schuessler, 2007) with exopassivising suffix *-s, literally, "what has been fallen".

Pronunciation 1
Rime
Character 露
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 模 (23)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 洛故切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /luoH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /luoH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /loH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /lɔH/
Li
Rong		 /loH/
Wang
Li		 /luH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /luoH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 lù
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 露
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 lù
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ luH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*p.rˁak-s/
English dew; disclose

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 露
Reading # 1/1
No. 3860
Phonetic
component		 各
Rime
group		 暮
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 路
Old
Chinese		 /*ɡ·raːɡs/

Definitions

露

  1. dew
  2. fruity beverage; syrup; nectar; juice
  3. cosmetic products made by distilling flowers, fruit or leaves
  4. A surname​.

Etymology 2

Pronunciation 2
Note:
  • lòu - vernacular;
  • lù - literary.
Note:
  • lou6 - literary;
  • lau6 - vernacular.
Rime
Character 露
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 模 (23)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 洛故切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /luoH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /luoH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /loH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /lɔH/
Li
Rong		 /loH/
Wang
Li		 /luH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /luoH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 lù
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 露
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 lù
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ luH ›
Old
Chinese		 /*p.rˁak-s/
English dew; disclose

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 露
Reading # 1/1
No. 3860
Phonetic
component		 各
Rime
group		 暮
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 路
Old
Chinese		 /*ɡ·raːɡs/

Definitions

露

  1. to be in the open; bare; open; exposed
  2. (colloquial) to show; to reveal; to expose

Compounds
Derived terms from 露

Japanese

Kanji
露

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

Readings

Compounds

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
露
あらわ
Grade: S
kun’yomi

Pronunciation

Adjectival noun

露 (-na inflection, hiragana あらわ, rōmaji arawa)

  1. naked, bare
    不 (ふ)満 (まん)を露 (あらわ)にする
    fuman o arawa ni suru
    to expose/lay bare one's discontent
Inflection
Inflection of 露
Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形) 露だろ あらわだろ arawa daro
Continuative (連用形) 露で あらわで arawa de
Terminal (終止形) 露だ あらわだ arawa da
Attributive (連体形) 露な あらわな arawa na
Hypothetical (仮定形) 露なら あらわなら arawa nara
Imperative (命令形) 露であれ あらわであれ arawa de are
Key constructions
Informal negative 露ではない
露じゃない		 あらわではない
あらわじゃない		 arawa de wa nai
arawa ja nai
Informal past 露だった あらわだった arawa datta
Informal negative past 露ではなかった
露じゃなかった		 あらわではなかった
あらわじゃなかった		 arawa de wa nakatta
arawa ja nakatta
Formal 露です あらわです arawa desu
Formal negative 露ではありません
露じゃありません		 あらわではありません
あらわじゃありません		 arawa de wa arimasen
arawa ja arimasen
Formal past 露でした あらわでした arawa deshita
Formal negative past 露ではありませんでした
露じゃありませんでした		 あらわではありませんでした
あらわじゃありませんでした		 arawa de wa arimasen deshita
arawa ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive 露で あらわで arawa de
Conditional 露なら（ば） あらわなら（ば） arawa nara (ba)
Provisional 露だったら あらわだったら arawa dattara
Volitional 露だろう あらわだろう arawa darō
Adverbial 露に あらわに arawa ni
Degree 露さ あらわさ arawasa

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
露
つゆ
Grade: S
kun’yomi

Pronunciation

Noun

露 (hiragana つゆ, rōmaji tsuyu)

  1. dew

Etymology 3
Kanji in this term
露
ろ
Grade: S
on’yomi

Pronunciation

Proper noun

露 (hiragana ろ, rōmaji Ro)

  1. short form for Russia or Russian in Japanese, Russo- (prefix), short form of 露西亜 (ろしあ, Roshia), modern spelling: ロシア (Roshia), also written in katakana: ロ (Ro).
    和 (わ)露 (ろ)辞 (じ)典 (てん)
    Wa-Ro jiten
    Russian-Japanese dictionary
    日露戦争 (にちろせんそう)
    Nichi-Ro sensō
    Japanese-Russian war (normally: "Russo-Japanese war")
    米 (べい)露 (ろ)関 (かん)係 (けい)
    Bei-Ro kankei
    US-Russia relations

References
  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

露 • (ro>no) (hangeul 로>노, McCune–Reischauer ro>no, Yale lo>no)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

露 (lộ)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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