List of megaprojects
This is a list of megaprojects. "Megaprojects are temporary endeavours (i.e. projects) characterized by: large investment commitment, vast complexity (especially in organizational terms), and long-lasting impact on the economy, the environment, and society".[1] The number of such projects is so large that the list may never be fully completed.
Legend
Terms used in the Status Column | Status Color |
---|---|
Proposed | |
In Planning, Approved, Under/In Development, Under Construction, Re-Construction In Progress, Nearly Complete | |
On Hold | |
Abandoned, Cancelled | |
Completed |
Definitions
Megaprojects may be defined as:
- Projects that cost more than US$1 billion and attract a large amount of public attention because of substantial impacts on communities, environment, and budgets.
- Projects can also be "initiatives that are physical, very expensive, and public".[2]
Megaprojects require care in the project development process to reduce any possible optimism bias and strategic misrepresentation. Examples of megaprojects include bridges, tunnels, highways, railways, airports, seaports, power plants, dams, wastewater projects, Special Economic Zones (SEZ), oil and natural gas extraction projects, public buildings, information technology systems, aerospace projects, and weapons systems.
This list identifies a wide variety of examples of major historic and contemporary projects that meet one or both megaproject criteria identified above.
Aerospace projects
![](../I/m/B787_flyby_Farnborough.jpg)
- Airbus A380, a double-deck, wide-body, four-engine jet airliner manufactured by Airbus.
- Antonov An-225 is the longest and heaviest aircraft in service. Only one unit was ever completed.
- Boeing B-29 Superfortress, the first nuclear bomber, which cost 50% more than the development of the bombs in the Manhattan Project.
- Boeing B-52 Stratofortress, with 6 decades of service as a strategic nuclear bomber, it is one of the largest military aircraft ever built. Every other bomber produced in the US after the B-52 have been megaprojects; however, it has not been replaced nor will it be in the foreseeable future.
- Boeing 2707 and Lockheed L-2000 supersonic aircraft projects, initiated in 1963 via a US government-funded competition to build the United States' first Supersonic Transport (SST), prototypes never built, ultimately canceled due to political, environmental and economic reasons in 1971.
- Boeing 747, a wide-body commercial airliner first produced in 1970, often referred to by the nickname Jumbo Jet,[3][4] is among the world's most recognizable aircraft with uses for long distance passenger transport, cargo, the US President's official shuttle plane, and as NASA's Shuttle Carrier Aircraft.
- Boeing 787, made in the United States with local and globally sourced parts, is the first major aircraft to be made largely out of composite materials[5]
- Concorde, a supersonic passenger airliner, a product of an Anglo-French government treaty that combined the manufacturing efforts of Aérospatiale and the British Aircraft Corporation, first flown in 1969, Concorde entered service in 1976 and continued commercial flights for twenty-seven years.
- Convair B-58 Hustler, an all-weather, high altitude supersonic bomber with a fixed delta wing and 4 engines. The Hustler was operational from 1960 to 1970 in the US Air Force's Strategic Air Command for the deployment of up to 5 gravity nuclear weapons.
- Lockheed C-5 Galaxy was the largest and heaviest aircraft of any kind for over a decade (1970 to 1982). This military cargo plane has the dubious distinction of being the first development program with a billion dollar cost overrun.[6][7]
- F-22 Raptor, a single seat, twin-engine fifth-generation fighter manufactured by Lockheed Martin that uses stealth technology.
- Sukhoi Su-57/HAL FGFA, two variants of fifth-generation stealth fighters jointly being developed by Sukhoi and Hindustan Aeronautics Limited for the Russian and the Indian Air Forces as a combined effort by Russia and India.
- Northrop Grumman B-2 Spirit, also known as the Stealth Bomber, a US heavy bomber with "low observable" stealth. Total program cost including development, engineering, and testing averaged $2.1 billion per aircraft in 1997.[8]
- KH-11 reconnaissance satellite, manufactured by Lockheed Corporation and launched between 1976 and 1990.
- Rockwell B-1 Lancer, a supersonic bomber with a variable-sweep wing built in the 1980s as a strategic bomber. It has since acquired conventional and multi-role capabilities.
- Tupolev Tu-144, the first supersonic transport aircraft, made by the Russian aircraft company Tupolev, first flown on 31 December 1968 and entered service on 26 December 1975.
- Tupolev Tu-160, the world's largest and heaviest combat aircraft, the world's largest supersonic aircraft, and the largest variable-sweep aircraft ever built. (The North American XB-70 Valkyrie had a higher empty weight and maximum speed but never entered production.)
Disaster cleanup
![](../I/m/Construction_of_the_new_sarcophagus_in_Chernobyl.jpg)
![](../I/m/Valdez_Trash_Pile.jpg)
While most megaprojects are planned and undertaken with careful forethought, some are undertaken out of necessity after a natural disaster occurs. There have also been a few man-made disasters.
- The Chernobyl New Safe Confinement was built to enclose the #4 reactor that was destroyed in the Chernobyl disaster of 1986 (completed summer 2019[9][10])
- The Fukushima disaster cleanup is ongoing, and includes the removal of spent nuclear fuel stored at the site of the 2011 Fukushima Daiichi nuclear disaster.
- Cleaning up the Deepwater Horizon oil spill, Exxon Valdez oil spill, and AZF chemical factory explosion were megaprojects.
- Storing nuclear waste at Yucca Mountain nuclear waste repository is designed to prevent a disaster from leaking nuclear waste.
- Many hurricanes and typhoons have caused extensive damage and required large cleanup efforts, the largest of which included projects that targeted the damaged infrastructure. The list of costliest Atlantic hurricanes covers the ones in the Atlantic region, including Hurricane Katrina from 2005.
- Many earthquakes (and resultant tsunamis) have caused enough damage to infrastructure that enormous projects were undertaken. The 1994 Northridge earthquake, the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami, and the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami are some of the most notorious and recent events that led to a megaproject.
- Flooding is the cause of many disasters. Some have caused enough damage that a megaproject would be used to recover. The Great Mississippi Flood of 1927 and the 2011 Mississippi River floods are examples.
- The cleanup and recovery from the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens in rural Washington State was of megaproject proportions.
- The rescue and recovery effort after the September 11 attacks on the World Trade Center.
- Major restoration was necessary after the destruction caused by World War I and II, some of which was paid for by German reparations for World War I and for World War II.
Energy projects
- Boundary Dam Power Station, the world's first large-scale, coal-fired Carbon Capture & Storage plant.[11]
- Olkiluoto 3, a nuclear power-plant in Eurajoki, Finland, planned to be completed in 2021.[12]
- Kemper Project, or Kemper County Energy Facility, is the world's first construction attempt of an Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle plant with Carbon Capture & Sequestration.[13] However, after significant delays and cost overruns, the gasification process is currently suspended and the power plant runs just on regular natural gas.
- The Panamanian Natural Gas electric power plant, is a project with an investment of 1.15 billion US dollars located in Colon province. It is also meant as a port for supplying Natural Gas to other Central American countries.[14]
- Tres Amigas SuperStation, an interconnection to connect the Eastern Interconnection to the Western Interconnection and the Texas Interconnection.This will effectively connect nearly all electrical grids in North America.
- Three Gorges Dam, the largest hydro-electric facility in the world.
- Virgil C. Summer Nuclear Generating Station, was a project to construct some of the first new nuclear units in the United States in over 30 years, at an existing nuclear power plant in Jenkinsville, South Carolina. The project was cancelled and all work stopped in July, 2017.[15]
- Vogtle Electric Generating Plant, is a project to construct two new nuclear units at an existing nuclear power plant in Waynesboro, Georgia.
Name | Capacity (MW) |
Location | Year Completed |
---|---|---|---|
Bhadla Solar Park | 2,245 | Rajasthan, India | 2020[16][17][18] |
Pavagada Solar Park | 2,245 | Karnataka, India | 2019[19][20] |
Tengger Desert Solar Park | 1,547 | Ningxia, China | 2016[21][22] |
Benban Solar Park | 1,500 | Egypt | 2019 |
Noor Abu Dhabi | 1,177 | United Arab Emirates | 2019 [23] |
Name | Capacity (MW) |
Location | Notes |
---|---|---|---|
Ivanpah Solar Power Facility | 392 | Mojave Desert, California, USA | Operational since February 2014. Located southwest of Las Vegas. |
Solar Energy Generating Systems | 354 | Mojave Desert, California, USA | Commissioned between 1984 and 1991. Collection of 9 units. |
Mojave Solar Project | 280 | Barstow, California, USA | Completed December 2014 |
Solana Generating Station | 280 | Gila Bend, Arizona, USA | Completed October 2013 Includes a 6h thermal energy storage |
Genesis Solar Energy Project | 250 | Blythe, California, USA | Completed April 2014 |
Science projects
![](../I/m/Construction_of_LHC_at_CERN.jpg)
- Atacama Large Millimeter Array
- Copernicus programme, €8.4 Billion European satellite project for global, total and permanent Earth observations.
- Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (in work) Long Baseline Neutrino Facility
- Envisat, an Earth observation satellite of European Space Agency (2002–2012)
- European Spallation Source, strongest ever spallation source for advanced and new material research development.
- European X-ray free electron laser, used for material research (since 2017).
- Extreme Light Infrastructure, European centers for the most intense lasers (under construction)
- Extremely Large Telescope, world's largest optical to mid infrared telescope (under construction)
- Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research, in Germany (2012–)[24]
- Five hundred meter Aperture Spherical Telescope (FAST), the world's largest static/semi-static radio telescope measuring 500 meters across located in Guizhou Province, People's Republic of China.
- Giant Magellan Telescope, a large ground-based optical and near infrared telescope (under construction)
- Human Genome Project, investigation to determine human genetic sequence (1990–2003) – cost $14.5bn, but generated an output of $965bn, personal income exceeding $293bn and more than 4.3 million job-years of employment.[25]
- India-based Neutrino Observatory (under construction)
- ITER, International nuclear fusion project, in France (under construction) at a cost of $20,000,000,000.
- Large Hadron Collider, a 13 TeV CERN particle accelerator, in Switzerland and France (2000-ongoing)[26]
- Advanced LIGO, a large-scale physics experiment and observatory to measure gravitational waves, with total cost more than US$1 billion.[27]
- Manhattan Project, in the United States (1945) – 30bn in 2012 dollars[28]
- Materials Genome Initiative, an advanced manufacturing partnership[29]
- MYRRHA, prototype of an accelerator-driven system to transmute nuclear waste.
- National Ignition Facility, United States nuclear fusion project (1997-ongoing)
- Ocean Networks Canada cabled Observatories. Largest underwater observatories, providing 24/7 access to hundreds of instruments in the Pacific Ocean and the Salish Sea (2005–)
- Square Kilometre Array in South Africa (planned)
- Superconducting Super Collider, canceled 40 TeV particle accelerator in Texas (1991–1993)
- Tevatron 1 TeV particle accelerator, in the United States (1983–2011)
- Thirty Meter Telescope, a large optical and near infrared telescope (under construction)
- Very Large Array, a radio astronomy observatory in the US
- Wendelstein 7-X, an experimental stellarator (nuclear fusion reactor) in Greifswald, Germany.
Spacecraft
- Advanced Telescope for High Energy Astrophysics, a planned X-ray telescope being developed by ESA which will launch in 2028.
- Cassini–Huygens, a joint NASA/ESA/ASI spacecraft mission studying the planet Saturn and its many natural satellites since 2004. The total cost of this project is about $3.26 billion.[30]
- Chandrayaan program, a lunar exploration program of ISRO of India.
- Chang'e 1 to Chang'e 6, a series of lunar exploration spacecrafts sent by People's Republic of China for their lunar exploration program, equipped with landers, orbiters and rover. It will for the first time in history explore the 'dark-side' of the Moon.
- Compass navigation system, an independent system of satellite navigation by People's Republic of China (Est. 2015–2017)
- Europa Clipper, an interplanetary mission in development by NASA to study Jupiter's moon Europa. (2022–)
- Gaia spacecraft, an ESA mission to create a 3D map of local Milky Way. ($1 billion,[31] since 2013)
- Galileo Navigation Satellite System, a European Union and European Space Agency global satellite navigation system, €5 billion[32] (since 2016)
- Galileo spacecraft, a mission to Jupiter (1989–2003) ($1.5 billion as 2003.[33][34])
- Global Positioning System, a global satellite navigation system created by the United States Department of Defense, $21.7 billion or more[35] (since 1973)
- GLONASS, the Russian global navigation satellite system (since 1982)
- Herschel Space Observatory, ESA space observatory sensitive to the far infrared and submillimetre bands (€1,1 billion[36])
- Hubble Space Telescope, an optical telescope orbiting in low Earth orbit, $10 billion (1978–)
- International Space Station, multinational space station in low Earth orbit (1998–), 150bn in 2010 dollars[37]
- James Webb Space Telescope (under construction, cost $8.8 billion in 2013[38])
- Juno spacecraft, a NASA New Frontiers mission to the planet Jupiter (2011– )
- Jupiter Icy Moon Explorer, a planned mission to Jupiter (Est. 2022)
- Laser Interferometer Space Antenna, an L3 class mission by ESA designed to detect and accurately measure gravitational waves.
- Lunokhod ("Moonwalker"), was a series of Soviet robotic lunar rovers designed to land on the Moon between 1969 and 1977. Lunokhod 1 was the first roving remote-controlled robot to land on another world.
- Mangalyaan, a Mars mission from ISRO of India. It is the first nation to reach Mars orbit on its first attempt, and the first Asian nation to do so (since 2014).
- Mars program was a series of unmanned spacecraft launched by the Soviet Union between 1960 and 1973. The spacecraft were intended to explore Mars, and included flyby probes, landers and orbiters.
- Mars Science Laboratory (with Curiosity rover), $2.5 billion[39]
- Mars 2020, a Mars rover mission by NASA's Mars Exploration Program with a planned launch in 2020.
- Mir, Russian space station in low Earth orbit (1986–2001).
- Nancy Grace Roman Space telescope, a planned wide field infrared space telescope by NASA.
- NAVIC, the Indian equivalent of GPS developed by ISRO.
- Orion spacecraft, a planned spacecraft that is being built by Lockheed Martin for NASA.
- Planck spacecraft, an ESA's mission to measure the cosmic microwave background.
- Venera (Venus) series space probes were developed by the Soviet Union between 1961 and 1984 to gather data from Venus. Venera 7 became the first spacecraft to land on Venus and first to transmit data from there back to Earth.
- Sutherland Spaceport, a planned space port in the north of Scotland
Other spaceflight projects
- Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer, a $2 billion particle physics experiment module that is mounted on the International Space Station since 2011[40]
- Apollo program (1960–1975), as a centerpiece of the US Space Program, culminated in manned exploratory missions to the Moon, $203.4 billion in 2015 dollars[41]
- Ariane, a family of European launch vehicles; the most recent development is Ariane 6
- Avatar RLV, Indian version of the Space Shuttle, being developed by the DRDO and ISRO.
- Baikonur Cosmodrome is the world's first and largest operational space launch facility. It was originally built by the Soviet Union in the late 1950s as the base of operations for the Soviet space program.
- Buran program, canceled Soviet version of the Space Shuttle (1980–1993)
- Constellation program, canceled planned moon landing spacecraft and space shuttle replacement, part lives on as future Crew Escape Vehicle for ISS (2005–2010)
- SpaceX Mars transportation infrastructure, a privately funded spaceflight system capable of enabling human settlements on Mars (2016– )
- Kennedy Space Center, the main spaceport for US manned space flight, located in Cape Canaveral, Florida.
- Shenzhou program, Chinese human spaceflight program (since 1992)
- Soyuz program, Soviet/Russian human spaceflight program (since 1966)
- Soviet Moonshot, canceled Moon landing program (1962–1969)
- Space Launch System, an American Space Shuttle-derived heavy expendable launch vehicle (2011– )
- Space Shuttle program (1972–2011), low Earth orbiters designed as manned cargo vessels that could be reused after each spaceflight and landed like a glider, $203.6 billion in 2015 dollars[42]
- Vostochny Cosmodrome ("Eastern Spaceport") is a Russian spaceport on the 51st parallel north in the Amur Oblast, in the Russian Far East.
- Vostok program, Soviet program to put the first man in space (1959–1963)
Sports and culture projects
Every Olympic Games and FIFA World Cup in the latter part of the twentieth century and entering into the 21st century has cost more than $1 billion in arenas, hotels etc., usually several billions.
Olympic Games
- See Cost of the Olympic Games—Note: Some values here are not shown on the other list due to research, which needs verification. The costs listed here were converted to US Dollars at the time of the games.
National Hockey League (NHL)
Project | City/State | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Belmont Park Arena | Elmont, Nassau County, New York | In Development | $1,000,000,000 | Construction of this new arena is scheduled to occur sometime in 2019 and completion is expected sometime in 2021. This new multi-use arena is being designed to handle 18,000-seats and "will serve as the home of the New York Islanders of the National Hockey League (NHL)."[43] This new arena will also include other multi-use functions. |
Roads and transport infrastructure
Ground transportation systems like roads, tunnels, bridges, terminals, railways, and mass transit systems are often megaprojects. Numerous large airports and terminals used for airborne passenger and cargo transportation are built as megaprojects.
Africa
West Africa
Nigeria
Project | City/State | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Abuja Light Rail | Abuja, FCT | Under Construction | $2,650,000,000 | The Abuja Light Rail project is a light rail transport system that is underway in Abuja in Federal Capital Territory. The first phase of the project connects the city centre to Nnamdi Azikiwe International Airport, stopping at the Lagos–Kano Standard Gauge Railway station in Idu. The first 12 stations opened in July 2018.[44] The first phase of the project cost $824 million, while the second phase will be costing $1.79 billion.[46] |
Fourth Mainland Bridge | Ikorodu to Lekki, Lagos State | Under Development | $4,200,000,000 | The fourth mainland bridge will join three other bridges connecting the Island of Lagos to the mainland. The 38 km bridge and expressway will become the longest bridge and expressway in the world when completed.[47] |
Lagos–Calabar Railway | From Lagos, Lagos to Calabar, Cross River | Under Development | $11,920,000,000 | The Lagos–Calabar Railway is a planned standard gauge railway that will run from Lagos through to Calabar. The first phase of the project (Calabar-Port Harcourt) is expected to be completed by 2018. The total length of the rail will be 1,402 kilometres.[48] |
Lagos–Kano Standard Gauge Railway | From Lagos, Lagos to Kano, Kano State | Under Construction | $8,300,000,000 | The Lagos–Kano Standard Gauge Railway is a standard gauge railway across Nigeria, from the port of Lagos to Kano, near the Niger border. The railway will run parallel to the British-built Cape gauge line, which has a lower design capacity and is in a deteriorated condition. The Abuja-Kaduna route is completed and operational, whilst the Lagos-Ibadan route is underconstruction, and several other routes are underdevelopment. The total length of the rail will be 2,733 kilometres.[49] |
Lagos Rail Mass Transit | Lagos, Lagos | Under Construction | $3,600,000,000 | The Lagos Rail Mass Transit is an urban rail system being developed and under construction in Lagos. The system is envisioned to consist eventually of seven lines.[50] The railway equipment including electric power, signalling, rolling stock, and fare collection equipment will be provided by the private sector under a Concession Contract, while LAMATA is responsible for policy direction, regulation, and infrastructure for the network. The first section of the network, Phase I of the Blue Line, was originally planned to be completed in 2011. After many delays caused by funding shortfalls, the opening date was revised to 2022.[51] |
Third Mainland Bridge | Lagos, Lagos State | Completed | Unknown | The Third Mainland Bridge is currently the longest of three bridges connecting the island of Lagos to the mainland. It was completed in 1990 and became the longest bridge in Africa. The bridge was built by Julius Berger Nigeria PLC and it measures about 11.8 km in length. |
Asia
East Asia
People's Republic of China
Project | City/District/Province/Prefecture | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) | Area from Kashgar, China to South coast of Pakistan | Under Development | $62,000,000,000 | The project aims to connect Gwadar Port in southwestern Pakistan (Central Asia/South Asia) to China's northwestern (East Asia) autonomous region of Xinjiang, via a network of highways, railways and pipelines to transport oil and gas.[52] The economic corridor is considered central to China–Pakistan relations and will run about 3,000 km from Gwadar to Kashgar. Other than transport infrastructure, the economic corridor will provide Pakistan with telecommunications and energy infrastructure. The project also aims to improve intelligence sharing between the countries. |
Beijing Daxing International Airport | Daxing District, Beijing & Guangyang District, Langfang, Hebei Province | Completed | $17,000,000,000 | Completed and Opened November 2019. |
Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge (HKZMB) | Pearl River Delta | Completed | $10,600,000,000 | Opened in 2018. |
Japan
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Japan's Maglev High-Speed Rail (Chūō Shinkansen) | Tokyo–Nagoya–Osaka, Japan | Under Construction | $85,000,000,000 | JR Central aims to begin commercial service between Tokyo and Nagoya in 2027, with the Nagoya–Osaka section to be completed by 2037. |
South Korea
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Incheon International Airport | Incheon | Completed | $5,000,000,000+ | Construction of Phase 1 began in November 1992 with "a land bridge created between the Yeongjong and Yongyu islands in the Yellow Sea".[53] Phase 1 of the project opened 22 March 2001, after 8 years of construction and 6 additional months of testing of the systems as well as the runways. |
Incheon International Airport Phase 2 | Incheon | Completed | $4,600,000,000 | Construction of Phase 2 began in February 2002 and was completed 20 June 2008 prior to the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, China. "Phase two entailed preparing 8.25km² of land on the west side of the airport for a 4km third runway, 1.2km² mooring facilities and a 158,400m² concourse, which are connected to the main passenger building via two parallel 870m-long underground passageways."[53] |
Incheon International Airport Phase 3 | Incheon | Completed | $4,500,000,000 | Construction of Phase 3 began in September 2013 and has been split into 2 phases itself. This phase involved "the construction of a second passenger terminal (Terminal 2), an airport control tower (ACT), an integral hotel, a conference centre, and an airside Intra Airport Transit (IAT). It also included expansion of the existing cargo terminal, apron area and transportation sections."[53] Phase 3 was completed in 2016 ahead of the 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang. |
Incheon International Airport Phase 4[54] | Incheon | Under Construction | $3,700,000,000 | Construction of Phase 4 begins 2019 with the expansion of Terminal 2 and construction of an additional runway, which is expected to be completed by 2025. |
South Asia
India
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Hyderabad Metro Rail | Hyderabad, Telangana | Under Construction | $2,500,000,000 | To respond to the rising public transport need and mitigate escalating vehicular traffic. Partially opened in 2017[55] and phase 1 is Operational from November 2019.[56][57] |
Navi Mumbai International Airport | Navi Mumbai, Mumbai, Maharashtra | Under Construction | $2,500,000,000 | The airport project, aimed at easing air traffic congestion at CSIA is expected to be completed by 2023.[58] |
Pakistan
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Karachi Circular Railway | Karachi | Under Development | $1,600,000,000 | Revival of the Karachi Circular Railway which became operational in 1969. It discontinued in 1999 as a result of mismanagement. In 2012, the governments on Pakistan and Sindh agreed to revive the railway to meet the needs of Karachi citizens. The project includes 23 stations, 3 lines and a total of over 50 kilometers of track. The government of Pakistan will have a 60% share in the project, Sindh will have a 25% share and Karachi will have a 15% share. Once completed, it will once again be Pakistan's largest local train. |
Karachi Metrobus | Karachi | Under Construction | $400,000,000 | A new rapid transit system in Karachi. Includes Green Line, Orange Line, Red Line, Blue Line, and Yellow Line. The length is about 115 kilometers and will become the largest metro bus system in Pakistan. The Green and Orange lines are under construction while the other ones are proposed for construction. |
Malir Expressway | Karachi | Under Development | $400,000,000 | A 40.3 km three lane Expressway with controlled access along the Malir River in Karachi. It starts at the Qayumanbad Bridge and ends at the Karachi-Hyderabad Motorway (M-9). The project would cost around Rs40 billion. Construction is ordered to start in mid-2019. |
Southeast Asia
Indonesia
Project | City/Region | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jakarta MRT | Jakarta | Completed | $2,860,000,000 | Currently consists of one line (North-South Line) and divided into two phases. Phase 1 was opened on March 2019, extensions of this line under Phase 2 shall open by 2024, and a second line (East-West) is expected by 2026. |
Jakarta–Bandung–Kertajati HSR | Java | Under Construction | $5,500,000,000 | |
Malaysia
Project | City/State | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Klang Valley Mass Rapid Transit Project | Kuala Lumpur | Under Development | $50,000,000,000 | A part of another mega project to transform Malaysia and Kuala Lumpur into one big Megapolis called as Greater Kuala Lumpur. |
Philippines
Project | City/Region/Province | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
New Manila International Airport | Bulacan | Waiting approval | $14,111,000,000 | Aimed to decongest air traffic from the Ninoy Aquino International Airport, to be operated by the San Miguel Corporation. |
Philippine National Railways intercity expansion | Central Luzon Calabarzon Bicol Region Mindanao | Waiting approval | $5,590,000,000+ | Includes South Main Line rehabilitation, the freight-only Subic–Clark Railway and the first phase of the Mindanao Railway expansion.[59][60] |
Manila Metro Rail Transit System | Metro Manila Central Luzon Calabarzon | Partially operational | $15,845,000,000 | One line operational as of 2020. It is expected to have a total of eight lines to open from 2021 onward.[61][62][63][64][65][66] |
North–South Commuter Railway | Metro Manila Central Luzon Laguna | Under Construction | $14,950,000,000 | Set to be fully operational by 2023, it will connect Clark International Airport with Metro Manila and Calabarzon. |
Thailand
Project | City/Region | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
High-speed rail in Thailand | Central, Western and Southern Thailand | Proposed | $30,000,000,000 | Consists of four proposed corridors with international extensions to Laos and Malaysia. |
Vietnam
Project | City/Region | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Long Thanh International Airport | Ho Chi Minh City | Under Construction | $7,800,000,000 | This first phase of the project has begun construction in 2019 and is being split into 3 sub-phases. Sub-Phase 1A will see the construction of one terminal and one runway ($5.6 Billion allocated to this sub-phase) to be completed by 2023. Sub-Phase 1B will be the construction of a 2nd runway starting in 2023 and be completed in 2025. Sub-Phase 1C will be the construction of the remaining facilities and land-clearance for future phase to begin and finish in 2025. |
Long Thang International Airport Phase 2 | Ho Chi Minh City | In Development | This phase will begin in 2025 after Phase 1 is completed and the airport opens that same year. Phase 2 will see the construction of a 3rd runway and expansion of the 1st Terminal or construction of a 2nd Terminal to increase passenger capacity to 50 million passengers. Phase 2 is expected to be completed by 2035. | |
Long Thang International Airport Phase 3 | Ho Chi Minh City | In Development | This phase will begin in 2035 after Phase 2 is completed and the airport opens that same year. Phase 3 will see the construction of a 4th runway with the possibility of another terminal or additional concourses to increase passenger capacity up to 100 million passengers. Phase 3 is expected to be completed sometime after 2035. |
Southwest Asia (Middle East)
Bahrain
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Bahrain International Airport Expansion Project | Muharraq, Muharraq Island | Under Construction | $1,100,000,000 | |
Bahrain Light Rail Network | Bahrain | Under Construction | $2,000,000,000 |
Israel
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Tel Aviv–Jerusalem railway | Between Tel Aviv and Jerusalem | Under Construction | $1.9–2.8 billion | |
Tel Aviv Light Rail | Tel Aviv Metropolitan Area | Under Construction | $12,000,000,000 | The project will consist of three new lines: the Red Line costing around ILS 14 billion & the Green and Purple Lines costing around ILS 30 billion. |
Iran
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Tehran-Shomal Freeway | Iran | Under Construction | Around US$1 Billion to finish | 121 km freeway connecting Tehran to Chalus [67] |
Kuwait
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Sheikh Jaber Al-Ahmad Al-Sabah Causeway Project | Kuwait Bay | Completed | $3,000,000,000 | Completed in 2019, it is the launching point Madinat Al-Hareer in Subiya, Kuwait; which is north of Kuwait City across Kuwait Bay. |
Kuwait International Airport Passenger Terminal 2[68] | Kuwait City | Under Construction | $4,310,182,400 | Construction began in May 2017 to expand the overall capacity of "the airport by thirteen million passengers a year through the introduction of a triangular building with 28 gates, 4,500 additional parking spaces and a 400-bed airside hotel." Expected to be Completed in 2022. |
Qatar
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Doha Metro | Doha | Under Construction | $36,000,000,000 | Set for Full Completion sometime in 2026 and stretch 300 km. |
Qatar Expressway Programme | Doha | Under Construction | US$28 billion (CAPEX) | Spread across 78 major projects, the Expressway Programme in one of the world's largest road infrastructure projects that will deliver more than 800 kilometres of new or upgraded roads and more than 200 interchanges for the rapidly developing State of Qatar.
Driven by Qatar National Vision 2030 and catering to the 2022 FIFA World Cup, the Public Works Authority, Ashghal, is working to create an infrastructure backbone designed to improve highway capacity, connectivity, and safety to meet current and future economic and social growth.[69] |
Saudi Arabia
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
King Abdulaziz Airport Expansion | Jeddah | Completed | $7,200,000,000 | Completed on 1 January 2019. |
Riyadh Metro | Riyadh | Under Construction | $23,500,000,000 | Set to begin operation by 2020. |
United Arab Emirates
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Al Maktoum International Airport | Dubai | Under Construction | $82,000,000,000 | Upon completion it will be the fourth largest airport in the world.[70] |
Central America (Latin America)
Panama
Project | City | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
4th bridge over the Panama Canal | Panama | Under Construction | $1,400,000,000 | |
Panama Metro line 1 | Panama | Completed | $1,800,000,000 | |
Panama metro line 2 | Panama | Completed | $2,000,000,000[71] | |
Panama metro line 3 | Panama | In planning | $2,600,000,000[72] |
Europe
European Union (As a whole)
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
TEN-T Core Network | Europe | Under Construction | $550,000,000,000 | The purpose of the project is connect nine European Corridors, east–west and north–south. The nine corridors are the Baltic-Adriatic Corridor, the North Sea-Baltic Corridor, the Mediterranean Corridor, the Orient/East-Med Corridor, the Scandinavian-Mediterranean Corridor,[73] the Rhine-Alpine Corridor, the Atlantic Corridor, the North Sea-Mediterranean Corridor, and the Rhine-Danube Corridor.[74] The Trans-European conventional rail network is part of the EU Mega-Project to help alleviate and assist in the transport of goods throughout the 27 EU member states. |
Czech Republic
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Blanka tunnel complex | Prague | Completed | $1,970,000,000 | The longest city tunnel in Europe at 5.5 km. The three continuous tunnels improve traffic in the northern part of Prague as well as reducing the load on the main transit route through the city center. |
Germany
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Verkehrsprojekt Deutsche Einheit Nr. 8 | Between Berlin Main Station and Nuremberg Main Station | Mostly Completed | $10,000,000,000 | Including the Erfurt–Leipzig/Halle high-speed railway, the Nuremberg–Erfurt high-speed railway, upgrades to the existing Berlin–Halle railway and linking onward to the Nuremberg–Munich high-speed railway |
Greece
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Athens Metro | Athens | Under Construction | $6,480,000,000 | Line 2 and Line 3 of Athens Metro were constructed between 1992 and 2000 (Line 1 began operation in 1869).[75] The construction of lines 2 and 3 (including their ongoing extensions) cost €4.30 billion.[76] Line 4 is set to begin construction in 2019 with a budget of €1.45 billion.[77] |
Egnatia Odos | Greece | Completed | $6,690,000,000 | Construction began in 1995, and a total of 670 kilometres (420 mi) of motorways running along the general route of the ancient Roman Via Egnatia.[78] It runs from Igoumenitsa, in Epirus, crosses Western Macedonia, Central Macedonia, and ends on Greece's border with Turkey in Eastern Macedonia and Thrace. The project cost €5.93 billion.[78] |
Egnatia Railway | Greece | In planning | $11,270,000,000 | Proposed in 2017 at a cost of €10 billion,[79] the Egnatia Railway will be Europe's largest railway megaproject.[80] The original stated start date was March 2019.[79] |
Ionia Odos | Greece | Completed | $1,240,000,000 | Construction began in 2006, and a total of 196 kilometres (122 mi) of motorways running north–south through Western Greece, from Ioannina to the Rio-Antirio Bridge, were built.[81] The project had a budget of over €1.1 billion.[81] |
Thessaloniki Metro | Thessaloniki | Under Construction | $2,550,000,000 | The purpose of the project is to create a 35-station underground rapid transit system in Greece's second-largest city. Currently phases 1 and 2 (18 stations) are under construction and will be operational by late 2020 at a price tag of €2.26 billion.[82] |
Thessaloniki–Kavala–Xanthi railway | Greece | In planning | $1,475,000,000 | A new electrified railway line connecting the northern Greek cities of Thessaloniki, Kavala, and Xanthi, at a cost of €1.25 billion.[83] It will run in parallel with the Egnatia Odos highway, cutting travel times and will replace the existing Thessaloniki–Alexandroupoli railway which was built during Ottoman times.[83] |
Tithorea-Domokos bypass | Greece | Completed | $2,030,000,000 | Construction began in 1997, and a total of 106 kilometres (66 mi) of high-speed railways running between the towns of Tithorea and Domokos were built as a bypass to the existing conventional mountainous railway line linking Thessaloniki in the north with Athens in the south, including 35.5 kilometres (22.1 mi) of tunnels and 6.8 kilometres (4.2 mi) of bridges.[84] The project had a budget of over €1.8 billion.[81] The bypass was opened in January 2019.[85] |
Montenegro
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Bar-Boljare motorway | Montenegro | Under Construction | $3,000,000,000 | Construction began on 11.05.2015; The length of the route of the highway is 40.871 km, and national road standards of Montenegro are adopted, with reference to the European specifications as well. These construction standards will be applied for the two-way four-lane highway, with the speed of 100 km/h according to the design, and the construction period of 4 years. The highway stretches from south to the north across the mountains. In technical terms it is very demanding, and the construction is very challenging. Bridges and tunnels make up to about 60% of the entire route. In recent years, it is the largest infrastructure project in Montenegro, and the implementation of the project is very challenging. |
Norway
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Coastal Highway E39 | Trondheim to Kristiansand | Proposed | $25,000,000,000 | The purpose of the project is to replace all the ferry links along the route with fixed connections in order to reduce travel time from 21 hours to 11 hours. The first part, Rogfast is since 2018 under construction at a cost of $1.9 bn, but the rest is controversial and not decided. $40 bn has also been mentioned as a cost and some guess even $50 bn. Some of the fjords are too deep for pillars or undersea tunnels and too wide for suspension bridges, so floating bridges in untested sizes are suggested. |
Poland
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Central Transport Hub | Gmina Baranów | In planning | $8,000,000,000+[86] | The project involves the construction of the largest airport in Poland and one of the largest in Europe, Solidarity Airport (initially able to handle 45 million passengers a year, with the possibility of extension up to 100 millions), along with highway and high-speed rail infrastructure connecting major Polish citities and the airport. Phase 1 scheduled to open in 2027.[86] |
Portugal
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Vasco da Gama Bridge | Lisbon | Completed | $1,100,000,000 | Construction began in February 1995; the bridge was opened to traffic on 29 March 1998, just in time for Expo 98, the World's Fair that celebrated the 500th anniversary of the discovery by Vasco da Gama of the sea route from Europe to India.
It is the longest bridge in Europe (including viaducts), with a total length of 12.3 kilometres (7.6 mi), including 0.8 kilometres (0.50 mi) for the main bridge and 11.5 kilometres (7.1 mi) in viaducts. The Bridge is served by 4.8 kilometres (3.0 mi) of dedicated access roads. It was built to alleviate the congestion on Lisbon's 25 de Abril Bridge, and eliminate the need for traffic between the country's northern and southern regions to pass through the capital city. |
Switzerland
Project | City/Canton | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Gotthard Base Tunnel | Bodio, Canton of Ticino (End) & Erstfeld, Canton of Uri (Start) | Completed | CHF 9.560 billion ≈ $10,300,000,000 | At 57 km, the World's longest and deepest rail tunnel upon its Completion in 2015. |
United Kingdom
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Irish Sea Bridge | Scotland/Northern Ireland | Planned | $20,000,000,000 | Completion planned for 2030s |
High Speed 3 | England | Planned | $19,000,000,000 | Completion planned for 2033 |
High Speed 2 | England | Under Construction | $96,000,000,000 | Completion planned for 2026 (phase 1), 2033 (phase 2) |
London Crossrail Project | London, England | Under Construction | $26,000,000,000 | Entire project to be completed by 2021. |
M8 motorway (Scotland) | Glasgow, Scotland | Completed | £30,000,000 | Most completed by 1980. |
North America
Canada
Project | City/Province | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Southwest Calgary Ring Road | Calgary, Alberta | Under Construction | $5,000,000,000+ | "...extend from Lott Creek Boulevard on Glenmore Trail/Highway 8 south to Macleod Trail (Highway 2A) and is approximately 21 kilometres long."[87] Set for Completion in Fall 2022. |
West Calgary Ring Road | Calgary, Alberta | Under Construction | $1,000,000,000+ | Set for Completion in 2021. |
Calgary LRT Expansion | Calgary, Alberta | Under Construction | $4,500,000,000+ | Set for Completion in 2026. |
Crowchild Trail Upgrades | Calgary, Alberta | Under Construction | $3,000,000,000+ | Set for Completion in 2030 |
New Champlain Bridge Corridor Project | Montréal to Brossard, Québec | Completed | $4,239,000,000 | Construction completed 2019 with the full opening of the Samuel-de-Champlain Bridge by July 2019. Shortly after the opening, the old Champlain Bridge will start to be demolished at a cost of about $400,000,000 and take 4 years to complete. |
Réseau express métropolitain | Montréal, Québec | Under Construction | $6,300,000,000 | Set for Completion in 2023.[87] |
Confederation Bridge | The Maritimes, Prince Edward Island | Completed | $1,300,000,000 | The 12.9 km bridge is the longest bridge in the world crossing ice-covered water. |
Line 5 Eglinton | Toronto, Ontario | Under Construction | $9,100,000,000 | Set for Completion in 2021.[87] |
Port Mann Bridge | Vancouver, British Columbia | Completed | $1,930,000,000 | The widest bridge in the world (until the Bay Bridge's east span recently opened), the bridge east of Vancouver, B.C., which opened in 2012, remains the second-longest bridge in North America. The cable-stay bridge uses an impressive 288 cables to reach a total bridge length of 6,866 feet. |
Confederation Line | Ottawa, Ontario | Completed | $2,100,000,000 | The largest project in Ottawa since the Rideau Canal. Opened on September 2019[88] (Phase 1). |
![](../I/m/Puente_Baluarte_03.jpg)
Mexico
Project | City/State | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Durango-Mazatlán Highway | Durango-Sinaloa | Completed | $1,400,000,000 | Construction in 2008 and was completed in 2012. Upon this projects completion, President Felipe Calderón received a Guinness record certifying that the Baluarte Bicentennial Bridge is the highest suspension bridge in western Mexico. |
New International Airport for Mexico City | Mexico City | Cancelled | $13,300,000,000 | After taking office, President Andrés Manuel López Obrador, cancelled this mega-project at Texcoco in favor of a "metropolitan airport system," which keeps the Benito Juárez International Airport (with 2 Runways) from being decommissioned and adds the now under construction Felipe Ángeles Airport (with 3 Runways) as well as Toluca International Airport (with 2 Runways). |
Felipe Ángeles Airport | Mexico City | Under Construction | $7,100,000,000 | Being built at the Santa Lucía Air Force Base north of Mexico City and named after Mexican General Felipe Ángeles Ramírez |
![](../I/m/Boston_Highway_System_Pre_Post_Big_Dig.gif)
![](../I/m/Evergreen_Point_Floating_Bridge_(2016)_from_east_end_after_opening%2C_April_2016.jpg)
United States
Project | City/State | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Big Dig | Boston, Massachusetts | Completed | $14,600,000,000 | Estimated to cost $24.3 billion after interest. |
C.R.E.A.T.E. | Chicago, Illinois | Under Construction | $4,600,000,000 | C.R.E.A.T.E. is a "public-private partnership to reduce rail and highway congestion while adding freight and passenger capacity in the metropolitan Chicago area to support the increase of intermodal traffic."[89] Completion of the entire project is expected to occur sometime in 2025. |
O'Hare Modernization | Chicago, Illinois | Under Construction | $8,800,000,000 | Construction began in 2001 with an initial cost of $6.6 billion, however, over the last few years, additions to the Modernization Plan brought on by the Chicago City Council's approval on new leases to American and United has increased to the cost by $2.2 billion, which will include a new terminal where Terminal 2 now, sits as well as two more remote concourses. The completion of the O'Hare Modernization is expected to occur sometime in 2026. |
Crescent Corridor Expansion | Eastern Coast States-East South Central States-Gulf Coast States | Under Construction | $2,500,000,000 | The freight rail company Norfolk Southern will utilize special intermodal trains on its freight rail network running from New York to Louisiana. This project covers 2,500 miles and thirteen states, and is expected to be fully developed by 2020."[90] |
California High-Speed Rail | Los Angeles-San Francisco, California | Under Construction | $70,000,000,000 | An 808 mile high-speed rail system is expected to be Completed in phases up to 2030. Currently some of the funding is being held up in Congress by lack of agreement between Democrats and Republicans. |
Los Angeles International Airport | Los Angeles, California | Under Construction | $14,000,000,000 | |
Ohio River Bridges Project | Louisville, Kentucky | Completed | $2,300,000,000[91] | A Louisville metropolitan area transportation project involving the reconstruction of the Kennedy Interchange (locally known as "Spaghetti Junction"), the completion of two new Ohio River bridges and the reconstruction of ramps on Interstate 65 between Muhammad Ali Boulevard and downtown. |
Second Avenue Subway Project | Manhattan, New York City, New York | Under Construction | $17,000,000,000 | The proposed full line would be 8.5 miles (13.7 km) long with 16 stations and a projected ridership of 560,000 people. Phase 1 of the project, which runs from 96th Street to 57th Street and 7th Avenue, opened 1 January 2017. Other phases of the project are either under development or are under construction. |
Newark Airport Terminal One | Newark, New Jersey | Under Construction | $2,300,000,000 | A redevelopment plan to build a new Terminal A to replace the existing, which opened in 1973. The new terminal will be called Terminal One. It will include a new parking garage, 33 gates, and a walkway to connect the Airtrain station, parking garage, and terminal. It is expected to be completed by 2022. |
LaGuardia Airport Project | Queens, New York City, New York | Under Construction | $8,000,000,000 | A complete retrofit of the entire airport slated to be completed by 2022. |
JFK Airport Redevelopment | Queens, New York City, New York | Proposed | $13,000,000,000 | Plan to rebuild passenger facilities and approaches to JFK Airport. Two new international terminals would be added. If approved, construction is expected to begin in 2020. |
San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge Eastern Span | San Francisco-Oakland, California | Completed | $6,400,000,000 | The Eastern span replacement of the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge began in 2002 and was Completed in 2013. Currently the Old East Span is being deconstructed and removed for recycling while the foundations are being demolished with explosives or converted for other uses. |
San Francisco International Airport Redevelopment | San Francisco, California | Under Construction | $2,400,000,000 | The airport began a multiphase renovation project in June 2016, which will see Terminal 1 be transformed into a world-class, environment-friendly passenger facility when Completed in 2024. |
Alaskan Way Viaduct replacement tunnel | Seattle, Washington | Completed | $3,100,000,000 | South-End Viaduct replacement started in 2008 and was completed in 2014. The SR 99 Tunnel started work in 2011, and is set for completion in 2021. Mitigation Projects started work in 2008, and are set for completion in 2019. Other miscellaneous projects started in 2007 and are set for completion in 2023. |
The Puget Sound Gateway Program | Washington | Under Construction | $1,960,000,000 | This project has been in planning phases since 1990, and includes the completion of SR 167 between Puyallup and Tacoma, as well as completion of SR 509 from I-5 to Burien. |
Evergreen Point Floating Bridge (2016) | Seattle, Washington | Completed | $4,560,000,000 | This 7,710-foot-long floating bridge is the longest of its type in the world. The new SR 520 bridge replaced the previous record-holder, the original Evergreen Point Floating Bridge across Lake Washington, connecting Seattle to points east. The new structure, rising 20 feet above the water, opened to traffic in spring 2016. |
Sound Transit 3 | Seattle, Washington | Under Construction | $50,000,000,000 | This project is to expand the current Light Rail and Bus system currently in use in Seattle, which is to be completed in stages from 2020 until 2041. |
Silver Line (Washington Metro) | Washington, D.C. | Under Construction | $6,800,000,000 | Phase 1 on the project was planned to link the Capital to Dulles International Airport and to four edge cities: Tysons, Reston, Herndon, and Ashburn. This phase completed and was opened to the general public on 26 July 2014. Phase 2 is set to help with urban development of Tysons and reduce overall reliance on highway traffic in the business district, Virginia's largest and 12th-largest in the country. This project is set to be completed by 2020. |
Oceania
Australia
Project | City/Province | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Cross River Rail | Brisbane, Queensland | Under Construction | $5,400,000,000 | To be completed in 2024. The crossing will be a tunnel under the river, and the first rail-only Brisbane River crossing since the completion of the Merivale Bridge in 1978.[92] |
OneSKY | Canberra, ACT | Under Development | $2,000,000,000 | To be completed in 2024. National Air Traffic Control System Australia.[93] |
Metro Tunnel | Melbourne, Victoria | Under Construction | $11,000,000,000 | To be completed late 2025. The line will run from South Kensington, underground via North Melbourne, Parkville, CBD, Domain and South Yarra. It will include a tunnel under the Yarra River. |
North East Link | Melbourne, Victoria | Under Development | $15,000,000.00 | To be completed late 2027. This project will connect the M80 Ring Road to the Eastern Freeway. |
Suburban Rail Loop | Melbourne, Victoria | Proposed | $50,000,000,000 | To be completed in 2050. The line will run from Cheltenham to Werribee in an orbital loop circling the suburbs of Melbourne. Proposed to be completed in 4 stages [94] |
Central Station to Eveleigh Redevelopment | Sydney, New South Wales | Proposed | $10,000,000,000 | Extension of Sydney's CBD. The renewal corridor approximately 3 km in length.[95] |
Sydney Metro City & Southwest | Sydney, New South Wales | Under Construction | $12,000,000,000 | 30 km (19 mi) rapid transit railway line. Planned to open by 2024.[96] |
Planned cities and urban renewal projects
Infrastructure systems that include electricity, sewer, telecommunications, and transportation. Building cities that include Skyscrapers, housing, etc. requires concrete, steel, glass, and most especially that workers in all the trades to undertaker the massive scale of these megaprojects.
Eastern Africa
Kenya
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Konza Technology City | Konza | Under Construction | $14,500,000,000 |
Northern Africa
Egypt
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Madinaty | Egypt | Under Construction | $10,000,000,000 | Expected to open by 2014, "houses 600,000 population."[97] |
Proposed new capital of Egypt | Egypt | Under Construction | $58,000,000,000 | Construction began in 2015 and is expected to be fully Completed by 2050, housing a population of 6,500,000 people. |
South Africa
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Modderfontein New City — New Gauteng City | South Africa | Abandoned [98] | $7,800,000,000 | Modderfontein infrastructure development of residential, industrial and commercial space by Chinese developer Shanghai Zendai. Start dated 2015 completion dated 15 to 20 years later.[99][100] |
Western Africa
Nigeria
Project | City/State | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Abuja | FCT | Completed | The planned capital city of Nigeria, which was built mainly in the 1980s. It officially became Nigeria's capital on 12 December 1991, replacing Lagos, and has since witnessed a huge influx of people into the city. As at 2006, the city of Abuja had a population of 776,298, making it one of the ten most populous cities in Nigeria, with an estimated metropolitan population of well over three million. Abuja is currently amongst the four largest urban areas in Nigeria.[102] | |
Asokoro Island[103] | Abuja, FCT | Under Construction | $1,000,000,000 | A peninsula development located in Asokoro district, in Abuja. The mixed-use development is approximately 60 hectares of land, located at the shores of Pendam Lake. Its residential development ranges from apartment buildings to villas. They are majorly luxury properties with private balconies, mezzanines, floor-to-ceiling windows, swimming pool and sun terrace etc. The commercial and work section presents hotels, offices, shopping malls, business and primary schools.[104] |
Centenary City | Abuja, FCT | Under Construction | $18,000,000,000 | Project by the Nigerian Government, Eagle Hills of Abu Dhabi and Julius Berger Nigeria PLC to build a smart city to mark the country's centennial anniversary. Project broke ground on June 19, 2014 and has an anticipated timeline of 10 to 15 years to completion. The city, which is located in the Federal Capital Territory, anticipates over 400,000 residents.[105] |
Eko Atlantic | Lagos State | Under Construction | $6,000,000,000 | A planned city of Lagos State, Nigeria, being constructed on land reclaimed from the Atlantic Ocean. The project broke ground in 2007 and is being spearheaded by South Energyx Nigeria Ltd. Upon completion the project anticipates at least 250,000 residents and an additional daily flow of 150,000 commuters.[106] |
FESTAC Phase 2 | Lagos, Lagos State | Under Development | $2,400,000,000 | In 2014, The Ministry of Housing and Urban Development signed deal with the New Festac Property Development Company, to develop the second phase of Festac Town. Since the award, the company has been carrying out extensive preliminary project development activities including surveys, field studies, site investigation, environmental impact assessment, and town planning for the project.[107] |
Lekki | Lagos State | Under Construction | A peninsula city which is 755 square kilometres. Lekki Phase 1 has been completed and it currently houses several Estates and gated residential developments; other phases of the project include, areas allocated for a Free Trade Zone, with an airport, and a sea port under construction. The proposed land use master plan for the Lekki envisages the Peninsula as a "Blue-Green Environment City", expected to accommodate well over 3.4 million residential population and an additional non-residential population of at least 1.9 million.[108] |
China
![](../I/m/201907_TODTOWN_under_Construction.jpg)
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Todtown | Shanghai | Under Construction | $1,500,000,000 | A mixed-use development. Started construction in 2014 and is set for completion in 2022. |
Japan
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Roppongi Hills | Tokyo | Completed | $4,000,000,000 | One of Japan's largest integrated property developments. |
Sky Mile Tower | Tokyo | Proposed | UNKNOWN | If built, completion would probably be in the year 2045 and stand at 1.7 km in height with a capacity of around 55,000 people. |
South Asia
![](../I/m/Navi_Mumbai.jpg)
India
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Delhi Mumbai Industrial Corridor | Area from Delhi to Mumbai, India | Under Development | $90,000,000,000 | Conceived as a global manufacturing and trading hub, the project is expected to double employment potential, triple industrial output and quadruple exports from the region in five years. The total employment to be generated from the project is 3 million, the bulk of which will be in the manufacturing/processing sectors. The project initially aims to create seven smart cities distributed along the backbone of the dedicated freight corridor between Delhi and Mumbai. |
Navi Mumbai | India | Under Construction | $13,346,000,000 | World's largest planned city. Contains a population of 2.6 million.[109] |
Gujarat International Finance Tec-City | India | Under Construction | $20,000,000,000 | The smart city is being built as a global financial hub to provide world class infrastructure for the Indian financial industry to grow.[110] It aims to outclass France's La Défense, Tokyo's Shinjuku and London's London Docklands in every aspect.[111] |
Pakistan
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Islamabad | Islamabad | Completed | The new capital city of Pakistan. A planned city located on north of Rawalpindi. The city has population of 2.2 million.[112] | |
Bahria Town | Karachi | Under Development | $1,000,000,000 | Bahria Town Karachi is a world-class master planned community near Pakistan largest port city Karachi This city is designed with a neighborhood concept to provide worldclass lifestyle facilities having Sports city, IT City, Entertainment Complex, Five Star Hotels and Residential Area.[113] The city is built on a 70560 acres piece of land located near Karachi. |
DHA City, Karachi (DCK) | Karachi | Under Development | The green and sustainable city is to be built on a 4,700 hectares piece of virgin land located several kilometres northeast of Karachi.[114] Upon completion, the new city which is still under development is anticipating at least 250,000 residents and a daily flow of 50,000 commuters.[115] | |
Crescent Bay | Karachi | Under Development | $2,400,000,000 | Covering 440,000 meters, Crescent Bay is one of the biggest projects in Pakistan. It is a mixed-use oceanfront development in Karachi. It features multiple high rise buildings, shopping malls, 5-star hotels, and mosques. The project is managed by Emaar properties who built the Burj Khalifa complex in Dubai. This project is one of the most modern projects ever built in Pakistan. |
Bondha Island City | Karachi | Under Development | $20,000,000,000 | Owned by Malik Riaz, Bundal Island City (also known as Bahria Town Island City). In 2013, Malik Riaz signed a 20bn dollar agreement with Thomas Kramer to build Bodha Island City. Development of this project will soon start on Bundal Island in southern Karachi. The city will house millions of people as well as provide 2.5 million jobs for people of Karachi. the city will be connected to mainland Karachi by a bridge. The stylish skyscrapers of Bodha Island City will provide a whole new look for the megacity of Karachi! |
Port Tower Complex | Karachi | Under Development | $350,000,000 | A 593m tall skyscraper situated at Karachi Port Trust. The building will be located on its very own man-made island with other skyscrapers. It will be located along the Mai Kolachi Bypass. Once completed, it will be the tallest building in South Asia. |
Bahria Paradise | Karachi | Under Development | A part of Bahria Town Karachi. | |
Ravi Riverfront Development Project | Lahore | Under Development | $7,000,000,000 | Sprawling over an area of 70,000 acres, the RRDZ project entails high-quality residential, commercial, institutional, cultural and recreational zones along both sides of the river at a stretch of 33 km.[116] The riverfront will be dotted with highrise condominiums, modern piers, boardwalks and 70 percent area dedicated to trees to make it environment friendly.[117] Around 25,000 acres of riverfront would be sold to investors for business, cultural and lifestyle activities.[118] |
LDA City | Lahore | Under Development | LDA City is the biggest housing society project ever undertaken by LDA,[119] and is the largest housing society in Punjab, Pakistan. The city is to be built on a 3,059 hectares (7560 acres) piece of virgin land located several kilometers south of Lahore. | |
Pak-US Knowledge Corridor | Pakistan and United States | Proposed | Pak-Us Knowledge Corridor (PUKC) is a minister-proposed mega project. This project was proposed by the Minister for Planning and Development Ahsan Iqbal, the term US-Pakistan Knowledge Corridor, he used to boost cooperation between Pakistan and America in education sector. |
Sri Lanka
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Colombo Port City | Colombo | Under Construction | $15,000,000,000 | A planned offshore city in Colombo, Sri Lanka which is to be built on reclaimed land adjacent to the Galle Face Green. The city will use construction resources from the Colombo Harbour Expansion Project, currently under construction near the site of this proposed city.[120] Set for Completion in 2041. |
Indonesia
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
BSD City | Greater Jakarta | Completed | An area half the size of Paris, BSD City encompasses an area of about 6000 hectares. It is the most ambitious urban planning scheme in Indonesia to combine housing, business and commercial properties. | |
Lippo Cikarang | Greater Jakarta | Completed | $18,750,000,000 | Lippo Cikarang is an industrial park with an area of 332 hectares, which also has apartment, hotel, office, shopping center, retail, school and university, hospital, convention center and other supporting facilities. |
Pantai Indah Kapuk | Jakarta | Completed | Pantai Indah Kapuk (PIK) is a well-planned model town in North Jakarta, spreading over 1200 hectares of land. | |
Ancol Dreamland | Jakarta | Completed | Ancol Dreamland is currently the largest integrated tourism area in South East Asia with an area of about 600 hectares, boasting an international championship golf course, a theme park, an oceanarium, a convention centre, beaches, hotels and other recreational facilities. | |
Pluit City | Jakarta Bay | Under Development | Standing on 160 hectares of artificial/reclaimed land, located on an open water at Jakarta Bay, Pluit City is a stunning modern city that will become a valuable addition to the capital city of Jakarta. |
Malaysia
Project | City/District | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
KL River City | Kuala Lumpur | In Development | $11,638,736,500 | "...the rehabilitation and transformation of a 2.2km stretch of Sungai Gombak, comprises 320 acres of potential development area..."[121] |
Forest City | Johor Bahru | Under Construction | $100,000,000,000 | To Be Completed in 2035. |
Iskandar Malaysia | Johor Bahru | Under Construction | $100,000,000,000 | |
Putrajaya | Putrajaya, Sepang District | Completed | $8,100,000,000 | In 1999 most of the seats of government moved from Kuala Lumpur to Putrajaya. |
Philippines
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Lancaster New City Zone 1 and Zone 2 | Cavite | Under Construction |
2,000 hectare planned community in Cavite | |
Nuvali | Laguna | Under Construction | 2,290 hectare planned community in Santa Rosa, Laguna. | |
Entertainment City | Manila Bay | Under Development | $15,000,000,000 | An entertainment complex which is intended to be the Philippine counterpart of Macau and Las Vegas. It is built upon reclaimed land along Manila Bay. |
Eastwood City | Quezon City | Completed | A high-density mixed-use development. | |
Bonifacio Global City | Taguig | Completed | Previously occupied by the Philippine Army headquarters, it is currently one of Metro Manila's main central business districts. | |
New Clark City | Tarlac and Pampanga | Under Construction | $59,288,000,000 | A 9,450-hectare planned city modeled after South Korea's Songdo City. Singapore's SSR C-Solar power plant will provide the city's power supply. |
Azerbaijan
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Khazar Islands | Azerbaijan | Under Construction | $100,000,000,000 | Artificial archipelago 25 km (16 mi) south of Baku, Azerbaijan consisting of 41 islands spreading 3,000 hectares (about 11.6 sq mi) over the Caspian Sea. Expected to be finished by 2020–2025, and house a population of 1 million. |
Iran
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Iran Mall | Tehran, Iran | Under Construction | The project spans more than 1.6 million square meters that includes shopping mall, two tower, two 5 star hotels, and a lake.[122] | |
Iraq
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
The Bride of the Gulf | Basra | Proposed | Basra is in the midst of rebuilding and is in need of something that will return it to its pre-Hussein period. |
Jordan
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Abdali Project[123][124] | Amman, Jordan | Under Construction | $5,000,000,000 | Project is being developed on 384,000 square metres (0.148 sq mi) of land, intending to create a total built-up area of over 1,700,000 square metres (0.66 sq mi) consisting of hotels, apartments, offices, commercial outlets and entertainment.[123][124] |
Kuwait
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Madinat al-Hareer | Kuwait | Under Development | $632,000,000,000 | Proposed 250 km2 (62,000-acre) planned urban area in Subiya, Kuwait an area just opposite Kuwait City across Kuwait Bay. |
Qatar
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Lusail | Al Daayen Municipality | Under Development | $45,000,000,000 | Planned to be a host city of the 2022 FIFA World Cup, planned population of 260,000 people |
Saudi Arabia
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Jeddah Economic City | Jeddah | Under Construction | $20,000,000,000 | Will host both commercial and residential development including homes, hotels, and offices. The centerpiece of the development project will be the $1.2 Billion Jeddah Tower, a tower planned to become the tallest in the world. |
Jubail City Center | Jubail | Under Construction | $80,000,000,000 | Jubail will be the biggest industrial city in the world and is expected to be Completed in 2026. |
Masjid Al-Haram | Mecca | Under Construction | $100,000,000,000 | The Saudi government is reportedly paying as high as 500,000 Saudi riyals (around $133,000) per square meter to the owners of the buildings close to the mosque in return for the expropriation. This brings the total figure to around $100 billion. Slated to Completed by 2020. |
Neom (Neo-Mustaqbal) | Neom | In Development | $500,000,000,000 | Saudi Arabia's most ambitious mega-city project ever, which is to build a city "from scratch on 10,231 square miles of untouched land in the northwestern region of Saudi Arabia, including territory from within the Egyptian and Jordanian borders."[125] At the core of this new city will be Artificial Intelligence.[126] |
King Abdullah Financial District | Riyadh | Under Construction | $78,000,000,000 | About a fifth (Phase 1) of the project is completed. |
King Abdullah Economic City | Saudi Arabia | Under Construction | $100,000,000,000 | Currently in various stages of Construction and Completion stages. |
![](../I/m/Burj_Khalifa.jpg)
United Arab Emirates
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Masdar City | Abu Dhabi | Under Construction | $22,000,000,000 | The city will rely entirely on solar energy and other renewable energy sources, with a sustainable, zero-carbon, zero-waste ecology and will be a car free city. |
Yas Island | Abu Dhabi | Under Development | $36,000,000,000 | It occupies a total land area of 2,500 ha (25 km2), of which 1,700 ha will be claimed for development. The island holds the Yas Marina Circuit, which hosts the Formula One United Arab Emirates Grand Prix since 2009. |
Burj Al Arab | Dubai | Completed | $1,000,000,000 | Completed and Opened in 1999, it is the 3rd tallest hotel in the World. |
Burj Khalifa | Dubai | Completed | $1,500,000,000 | Originally call the Burj Dubai, the Burj Khalifa is currently the tallest building in the World and has held that title since its Completion and Grand Opening on 4 January 2010. |
Dubai Meydan City | Dubai | Under Construction | $2,200,000,000 | Expected Completion date about 2020. |
Falconcity of Wonders | Dubai | Under Development | $36,500,000,000 | |
Business Bay | Dubai | Under Development | $30,000,000,000 | Comprises 240 high and low rise buildings, mostly residential and mixed use skyscrapers. |
The World | Dubai | Under Development | $14,000,000,000 | Artificial archipelago of various small islands constructed in the rough shape of a world map. Development has slowly restarted. |
Palm Jumeirah | Dubai | Completed | $12,300,000,000 | It is the world's largest man-made island. |
Dubai Marina | Dubai | Completed | World's largest man-made marina, with 200 residential and hotel high rises. | |
Palm Jebel Ali | Dubai | On-Hold | $4,000,000,000 | Will accommodate over 250,000 people by 2020. |
Palm Deira | Dubai | On-Hold | Will be the largest palm island, in Dubai. | |
Dubai International City | Dubai | Under Construction | $95,000,000,000 | A country-themed architecture of residences, business, and tourist attractions. |
Jumeirah Garden City | Dubai | On-Hold | $95,000,000,000 | Will be built across an area north of Sheikh Zayed Road between Diyafa Street and Safa Park. |
Dubai Waterfront | Dubai | Under Development | Expected to become the largest waterfront and largest man-made development in the world. | |
Dubailand | Dubai | Under Construction | $64,300,000,000 | Will be world's largest Retail and Entertainment World, twice the size of Walt Disney World Resort, it include 45 mega projects and 200 sub projects. Currently, there are 22 projects under development. Expected Completion Date about 2025. |
The Universe | Dubai | On-Hold | A planned artificial archipelago in the shape of the Milky Way and Solar System. | |
The Tower | Dubai | Under Construction | $1,000,000,000 | Located at Dubai Creek Harbour, The Tower will be a mixed-use skyscraper that will be a notch taller than the Burj Khalifa when Completed in 2020. |
Mall of the World | Dubai | Under Construction | $6,806,425,500 | To be located along the Sheikh Mohammed bin Zayed Road and set to Open in 2029. |
Republic of Turkey (Europe West and Asia East of the Bosphorus, the Sea of Marmara, and the Dardanelles)
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
İstanbul Finance Center | İstanbul | Under Development | $5,000,000,000 | Apart from the main urban renewal project of İstanbul. It will station in Ataşehir |
Turkey Urban Renewal Project | Turkey | Under Development | $400,000,000,000[127][128] | Renewals are being conducted all over Turkey but mainly on İstanbul[129] as Law 6306 announced by Ministry of Environment and City Planning (Turkey).[130] Fikirtepe, a neighborhood of Kadıköy has been chosen as pilot area for project.[131] Construction started in 2012 and is expected to take 20 years to complete setting for 2032. |
Russia (Europe West and Asia East of the Ural Mountains)
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Moscow International Business Center | Moscow | Under Construction | $12,000,000,000 | Construction on Plots 1, 2–3, 4 (Tower 1) & (Tower 2), 6–8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, and 19 is completed. Construction on Plots 15 and 17–18 is in progress. |
Lakhta Center | Lakhta, Saint Petersburg | Completed | $2,500,000,000 | Replaces the Okhta Center, which was cancelled due to official objections of UNESCO World Heritage Committee. |
Okhta Center | Saint Petersburg | Cancelled | $2,500,000,000 | Never built, will be replaced by the new project Lakhta Center |
France
Project | Commune | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
La Défense (1958–2014) | Courbevoie Nanterre Puteaux | Completed | $10,000,000,000+ | The Central Business District of the Paris Metropolitan area, La Défense provides France with a modern set of skyscrapers while Paris itself retains most of its original architecture and character. |
La Défense (2016–Present) | Courbevoie Nanterre Puteaux | Under Construction | $1,000,000,000+ | The Central Business District of the Paris Metropolitan area, La Défense provides France with a modern set of skyscrapers while Paris itself retains most of its original architecture and character. This current round of the project includes modernize, refurbish and green the area. |
Europa City | Gonesse | Cancelled | $3,400,000,000 | Construction began on the 8.6-million-square foot mixed-use development north of downtown in 2016 but was cancelled on 8 of November 2019. |
Germany
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Potsdamer Platz Redevelopment | Berlin | Completed | Project divided onto four parts in which four investors bids in turn. | |
HafenCity | Hamburg | Under Development | Completion expected in 2020–2030 |
Romania
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Esplanada City Center | Bucharest | Cancelled | $4,200,000,000 |
Spain
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Bilbao Renovation Project | Bilbao | Completed | In the 1990s, the city began a de-industrialisation process, which radically changed its image. After closing several factories and decontaminating the city's river, several mega projects were built. A whole new airport, designed by Spanish world-famous architect Santiago Calatrava, a metro system designed by British Lord Norman Foster, a recovery of the city's old fashioned tram network changed the city's public transport system. The Iberdrola Tower, which is Bilbao's tallest building, the Alhondiga, the Zubizuri bridge and several other significant buildings changed the city center's polluted past. The whole renovation process started because of the construction of The Guggemheim Museum Of Bilbao, the city's landmark and main museum. | |
CTBA – Madrid Financial District | Madrid | Completed | est. $1,000,000,000 | A complex of four skyscrapers, each about 240 metres high, located on one of Madrid's most expensive avenue, La Castellana. The towers were built on Real Madrid's former Ciudad Deportiva, and were completed in 2008. The tallest building is Torre Cepsa, designed by world-famous architect Norman Foster, and has a height of 249 meters, making it Spain's tallest structure. |
Madrid New North | Madrid | Approved | $10,550,000,000 | A mega urban project that aims to expand the existing Paseo de la Castellana by creating an extension of itself, it would include a large business center, 10,500 homes, multiple skyscrapers, and more than 200,000 jobs. The project will be fully approved this December, it is believed that it could increase regional wealth by 7.3%, and national wealth by up to 1.4%. |
Southeast developments | Madrid | Under construction | +$3,500,000,000 | A strategy that aims to expand the city in the southeast of the city with the creation of six neighborhoods (Los cerros, Ensanche de Vallecas, Valdecarros, el Cañaveral, los Berrocales, los Ahijones) At the moment one of the neighborhoods is already built, another one is under construction, two other neighborhoods already have the ground ready, while the two remaining neighborhoods have nothing built.
This strategy aims to create some 145,637 homes in the south of Madrid, of which 30,000 have been built so far. These developments would extend the surface of Madrid by 8.2% and could house more than 350,000 inhabitants. The entire strategy is not expected to be completed until 2040/2050. |
Sweden
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Million Programme | All of the country | Completed | neighborhood of $5 bn | 1965-1975 |
Movement of Kiruna Centrum | Kiruna | Under Development | $2,100,000,000 | Entire project to be completed between 2020 and 2021.[132] |
Northvolt Gigafactory | Skellefteå & Västerås | Under Development | $4,700,000,000 | "It would make it the biggest li-ion battery factory in Europe and comparable in size to the first phase of Tesla's Gigafactory 1 in Nevada, a project that Peter Carlsson, Founder and CEO of Northvolt, and Paolo Cerruti, COO of Nortvolt, both worked on."[133] |
Redevelopment of the Slussenområdet | Stockholm | Under Development | SEK12,000,000,000 | "The construction of the New Slussen is one of the largest urban transformation projects in Sweden".[134] |
United Kingdom
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Big City Plan | Birmingham, England | Under Construction | $17,000,000,000 | Entire project to be completed sometime in the 2030s. |
Battersea Power Station | London, England | Under Construction | $17,600,000,000 | Entire project to be completed by 2025. |
Embassy Gardens | London, England | Completed | $2,900,000,000 | Completed in Spring to Summer 2019. |
Greenwich Peninsula | London, England | Under Construction | £8,000,000,000 | Entire project to be completed by the 2030s. |
Royal Wharf | London, England | Under Construction | $4,100,000,000 | To be Completed sometime in 2020. |
Stratford City | London, England | Under Construction | £3,500,000,000 | Entire project to be completed by 2020. |
Wembley Park | London, England | Under Construction | £1,100,000,000 | Entire project to be completed by 2024, the project has garnered $1.1 billion in funding so far. |
North America
![](../I/m/Down_town_markham_17.41.41.jpg)
Canada
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Downtown Markham | Markham, Ontario | Under Construction | $4,000,000,000 | One of the many city center projects in York Region. Scheduled for Completion in 2025. |
Mexico (Latin America)
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Cancún | Quintana Roo | Completed | One of main tourist destinations in the world. | |
Santa Fe, Mexico City | Mexico City | Completed | Before the city dump, today one of largest CBDs in the world. |
![](../I/m/Brickell_Key_from_north_20100211.jpg)
![](../I/m/Aria_CityCenter_Front.jpg)
United States
Project | Borough/County/City/State | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Port Covington | Baltimore, Maryland | Under Construction | $5,500,000,000 | Groundbreaking began June 2019. Expected to be Completed by 2040. |
Pacific Park | Brooklyn, New York City, New York | Under Construction | $8,000,000,000 | The project's centerpiece, Barclays Center, opened in September 2012. The project name Atlantic Yards has been renamed Pacific Park, Brooklyn. The Project is expected to be Completed by 2025 at the earliest. |
Lincoln Yards Project | Chicago, Illinois | Approved | $6,000,000,000 | The development of 55 acres of riverfront land in Chicago. |
Vista Tower Project | Chicago, Illinois | Under Construction | $1,000,000,000 | Set for Completion in 2020. |
Brickell Key | Claughton Island, Miami, Florida | Completed | $2,000,000,000+ | A man-made island called Claughton Island[135] off the mainland Brickell neighborhood of Miami, Florida. |
Apple Park | Cupertino, California | Completed | $3,000,000,000+ | The "spaceship", as it is nicknamed, is Apple's new flagship headquarters (formally named Apple Campus 2). Taking the shape of a giant ring, it is expected to house over 14,000 employees. It was completed and opened in April 2017. |
Encore Boston Harbor | Everett, Massachusetts | Completed | $2,500,000,000 | Opened in 2019, the casino resort property is the largest single private development in Massachusetts history. |
CityCenter | Las Vegas, Nevada | Completed | $11,000,000,000 | The largest privately financed development in the United States. |
Wilshire Grand Center | Los Angeles, California | Completed | $1,200,000,000 | Opened on June 23, 2017. It is the tallest building in Los Angeles, the tallest building in California, and the tallest building west of the Mississippi at a height of 1,100 feet. |
Riverside South | Manhattan, New York City, New York | Under Construction | $3,000,000,000 | An urban development project in the Lincoln Square neighborhood of the Upper West Side of Manhattan, New York City. |
Battery Park City | Manhattan, New York City, New York | Completed | $1,400,000,000+ | Mainly a residential 92-acre (37 ha) planned community at the southwestern tip of the island of Manhattan in New York City, New York, United States, more than 1⁄3 of which is parkland.[136] |
Cornell Tech Campus | Manhattan, New York City, New York | Under Construction | $2,000,000,000 | Construction began in 2014 on the South end of Roosevelt Island. The first of three phases is set to be completed in stages between 2017 and 2019 and Phase 2 to be Completed sometime later. |
Hudson Yards Redevelopment Project | Manhattan, New York City, New York | Under Construction | $20,000,000,000 | A mixed-use real estate development currently being built over the 28-acre West Side Rail Yard. |
Rebuilding of the World Trade Center | Manhattan, New York City, New York | Re-Construction In Progress | $32,000,000,000[137] | Recovery from the September 11 attacks. One, Three, Four, and Seven World Trade Center Towers completed 2006–2018. Two, Five, and Six World Trade Center Towers are either in development, currently on hold, or will never be rebuilt. |
53W53 | Manhattan, New York City, New York | Completed | $1,200,000,000 | Formerly the Tower Verre is a Supertall Skyscraper with a Museum and Residential Condominiums. Completed in 2019[138] |
Brickell City Centre | Miami, Florida | Construction in Progress | $1,050,000,000 | A shopping and mixed-use project that will span up to give blocks in the Brickell district of Downtown Miami. Currently consists of three towers each just over 500 feet and is proposed to add One Brickell City Centre, an 80-story, 1049 ft skyscraper. |
Miami Worldcenter | Miami, Florida | Construction in Progress | $4,000,000,000 | A large mixed-use development of over 25 acres of land on the north side of Downtown Miami. Eventually will include lots of shopping, apartment buildings, hotels, office buildings, and even a convention center. Though not much has been built as of yet, one notable building is Paramount Miami Worldcenter, which stands at 700 ft tall. |
Comcast Technology Center | Philadelphia, Pennsylvania | Completed | $1,500,000,000 | Ninth-tallest building in the Western Hemisphere as well as the tallest building in the Western Hemisphere outside of Manhattan and Chicago at a height of 1,121 feet, which opened in 2018. |
Shell Pennsylvania Petrochemicals Complex | Potter Township, Beaver County, Pennsylvania | Under Construction | $6,000,000,000 | Commencing in 2017, the cracker plant currently holds over 3,000 construction jobs, and will have 600 permanent jobs when the plant is completed. It will produce over 1.6 million tonnes of ethylene per year. |
Gigafactory 1 | Reno, Nevada | Under Construction | $5,000,000,000 | 6.3 Blocks (30%) of the total 21 Blocks of the factory Completed and the remaining 14.7 Blocks to be completed by 2020. |
The Transbay Redevelopment Area | San Francisco, California | Under Construction | $4,500,000,000 | The redevelopment of began in June 2005 and is expected to be fully Completed around 2030, includes a new Transbay Transit Center and the newly opened Salesforce Tower. The Salesforce Tower is a 1,070-foot Supertall Office Skyscraper just completed in the South of Market district of downtown San Francisco at a cost of $1,100,000,000. |
San Francisco Shipyard and Candlestick Redevelopment | San Francisco, California | Under Construction | $8,000,000,000 | Set to be Completed sometime after 2028. |
Treasure Island Redevelopment | San Francisco, California | In Development | $6,000,000,000 | Set to be Completed by 2028. |
The Mission Bay Redevelopment | San Francisco, California | Under Construction | $1,000,000,000 | |
Parkmerced | San Francisco, California | Under Construction | $1,350,000,000 | Expected to be Completed by 2035. |
Washington State Convention Center | Seattle, Washington | Under Construction | $1,600,000,000 | This expansion project is expected to be Completed in 2020. |
Sasol Ethane Cracker Complex Project | Westlake-Mossville-Lake Charles, Calcasieu Parish, Louisiana | Under Construction | $8,900,000,000 | Sasol is constructing a world-scale petrochemical complex in Southwest Louisiana, which will roughly triple the company's chemical production capacity in the U.S. and enable it to build on its strong positions in robust and growing global chemicals markets. |
Australia
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Queen's Wharf Brisbane | Brisbane, Queensland | Under Construction | $3,000,000,000 | Integrated Resort Development located on the north bank of the Brisbane River in the Brisbane central business district. Entire project to be completed by 2024.[139] |
Barangaroo | Sydney, New South Wales | Under Construction | $6,000,000,000 | Entire project to be completed by 2023 |
Victorian Desalination Plant | Williamsons Beach, Dalyston-Wonthaggi, Bass Coast Shire, Victoria | Completed | $4,000,000,000 | Built to provide more drinking water to Melbourne because in the mid-2000s the city's water reserves were at 28% of capacity. |
New Zealand
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Rebuilding of Christchurch | New Zealand | Re-Construction In Progress | $17,000,000,000 | Recovery from earthquakes in 2010–2011. Rebuild of central business district, demolition and remediation of several residential neighbourhoods now deemed unsuitable for building. Infrastructure upgrades and addition of commuter rail. Entire project to be completed by 2020. |
Brazil
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Brasília | Brasília | Completed | $21,900,000,000 | At the close of the 20th century, Brasília was the largest city in the world which had not existed at the beginning of the century.[140] Construction cost for Brasília in 1957 was about $2.5 Billion.[141] |
Colombia
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Bogota Urban Renewal | Bogota | Under Development | $50,000,000,000 | One of the most ambitious projects in Latin American history. Includes building over 60 skyscrapers, 500 highrises, 3 new CBDs, a subway system, and a smart city near Usaquén. The project is meant to establish Bogota as the financial, industrial, and technological capital of Latin America. |
Water-related
Ports, waterways, canals, and locks for Passenger Ships and Cargo Ships carrying passengers and cargo from country to country and islands nations are built as megaprojects
Eastern Africa
Ethiopia
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam | Benishangul-Gumuz Region | Under Construction | $4,800,000,000 | The dam is located on the Blue Nile River in Ethiopia. Construction began in 2011 and is expected to be completed sometime between 2020 and 2022. |
Kenya
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
LAPSSET Corridor Program | Lamu | Under Construction | $13,000,000,000 |
Tanzania
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Bagamoyo Port | Bagamoyo | Under Construction | $10,000,000,000 |
Northern Africa
![](../I/m/New_Suez_Canal.jpeg)
Egypt
Project | Province(s) | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
New Suez Canal | Ismailia and Suez | Completed | $8,400,000,000 | In August 2014, work started on expanding the Suez Canal, dubbed the "New Suez Canal" was completed and opened on 6 August 2015. |
Suez Canal | Ismailia and Suez | Completed | $1,725,950,238.22 | A man-made canal that connects the Mediterranean Sea with the Red Sea cost $100 million in 1869. |
Western Africa
Nigeria
Project | City/State | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Badagry Deep Sea Port | Badagry, Lagos State | Under Construction | $2,300,000,000 | Construction started in January 2016, and the project is expected to have a "soft Launch" in 2018.[142][143] |
Lekki Port | Lekki, Lagos State | Under Construction | $1,650,000,000 | The Port at Lekki is a new seaport in Lekki, and construction commenced in 2015. The port is planned to be developed in phases to meet the growing demand; phase one opened in 2018.[144] The port is financed by private investors and a consortium of banks who have funded the project with $1.65 billion so far.[145] |
China
Project | City/District/Province | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Three Gorges Dam | Sandouping, Yiling District, Yichang, Hubei Province | Completed | $59,000,000,000 | The Yangtze River Project began in 1994 and was Completed in 2003. |
South–North Water Transfer Project | South to North China | Under Construction | $79,000,000,000[146] | No timeline to indicate a completion date of this project and no telling how much more the project will cost. |
Japan
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Kamaishi Tsunami Protection Breakwater | Kamaishi, Iwate | Completed | $1,500,000,000 | Completed in March 2009, it soon became the tsunami barrier that failed to protect Kamaishi during the 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami. |
Sri Lanka
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Colombo Harbour Expansion Project | Colombo | Completed | $1,200,000,000 | Construction began in 2008 and completely finished on 8 August 2013. |
Pakistan
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Special Note |
---|---|---|---|---|
Port of Karachi | Karachi | Completed | Completed during the British Raj. Busiest port in Pakistan. | |
Port Muhammad Bin Qasim | Karachi | Completed | A deep sea port located in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. Construction began in the 1970s during the rule Zulfikar Ali Bhutto to relieve the congestion of Karachi Port. Port Qasim, along with the port of Karachi, handle 90% of Pakistan's cargo |
Israel
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
National Water Carrier of Israel | Completed | ~$1,100,000,000 | Completed in 1956 |
United Arab Emirates
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Dubai Marina | Dubai | Completed | World's largest man-made marina, with 200 residential and hotel high rises. | |
Dubai Waterfront | Dubai | Suspended | Expected to become the largest waterfront and largest man-made development in the world. |
Cuba
Project | City/Province(s) | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
New Port of Mariel Development Project | Mariel, Artemisa | Completed | $900,000,000[147] | Though the project falls $100 million short of the billion dollar mark, it still counts as mega project for Cuba the first of many in 50+ years. |
Nicaragua
Project | City/Province(s) | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Nicaragua Canal | Proposed | est. $100,000,000,000 | Formally the Nicaraguan Canal and Development Project (also referred to as the Nicaragua Grand Canal, or the Grand Interoceanic Canal) is a planned shipping route through Nicaragua to connect the Caribbean Sea (and therefore the Atlantic Ocean) with the Pacific Ocean. Its viability has been questioned by shipping experts and engineers[148] |
![](../I/m/New_Panama_Canal_expansion_project.png)
Panama
Project | Province(s) | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Panama Canal | Colón Province and Panamá Province | Completed | $8,961,664,698.46 | Originally constructed by the United States for about $360 million. Opened on 15 August 1914 with a series of locks, canals, and lakes which connect ships traveling between the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean. |
Panama Canal Expansion | Colón Province and Panamá Province | Completed | $5,250,000,000 | The Expansion Opened 26 June 2016. |
Netherlands
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Zuiderzee Works | Central | Completed | A man-made system of dams and dikes, land reclamation and water drainage work, in total the largest hydraulic engineering project undertaken by the Netherlands during the twentieth century. | |
Delta Works | Southwest Middelburg to Dordrecht | Completed | $13,000,000,000 | A series of construction projects in the southwest of the Netherlands to protect a large area of land around the Rhine-Meuse-Scheldt delta from the sea. The project was proposed after the North Sea Flood of 1953. |
Canada
Project | City/Province | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Rideau Canal | Kingston to Ottawa | Completed | £822,804 (January 1834) | A 202 km waterway opened in 1832 to provide a secure supply and communications route between Montreal and the British naval base in Kingston. |
Mexico (Latin America)
Project | City/State | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Port of Veracruz Expansion | Veracruz | Under Construction | $5,000,000,000 | |
Dos Bocas Refinery | Tabasco | Under Construction |
United States
Project | City/State | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Intracoastal Waterway | Boston, Massachusetts to Brownsville, Texas | A 3,000-mile (4,800 km) inland waterway along the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coasts of the United States, running from Boston, Massachusetts, southward along the Atlantic Seaboard and around the southern tip of Florida, then following the Gulf Coast to Brownsville, Texas. |
Brazil
Project | City/Country | Status | Cost | Notes |
---|---|---|---|---|
Porto Maravilha | Rio de Janeiro | Completed | $35,700,000,000 | Entire project to be completed by 2015. |
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