Jubail

Jubail (Arabic: الجبيل‎, Al Jubayl) is a city in the Eastern province on the Persian Gulf coast of Saudi Arabia. It is home to the largest industrial city in the world.[1] It is also home to the Middle East's largest and world's fourth largest petrochemical company SABIC.[1] It has the world's largest IWPP (Independent Water and Power Project) producing 2743.6 MW of electricity and 800,000 m3 of water daily.[1] Jubail comprises the Old Town of Al Jubail (Jubail Balad), which was a small fishing village until 1975 and the new industrial area. Jubail Industrial City is the largest civil engineering project in the world today.

Not to be confused with Dujail.
"Jubail" is also the Arabic name of Byblos
Jubail

الجبيل
City
Coat of arms
Jubail
Coordinates: 27°0′N 49°40′E
Country Saudi Arabia
ProvinceEastern Province
Government
 • TypeMonarchy
 • Provincial GovernorSaud bin Nayef
Population
 (2011)
 • Total800,949
 • Nationality 
(2011)
73% Saudi
17% Indian
4% Filipinos
3% Pakistanis
1% Bangladeshis
1% Americans
1% Europeans
2.5% Other countries
Time zoneUTC+3 (AST)
Websitewww.jubailcity.com
Jubail commercial port

In 1975, the Saudi government designated Jubail as the site for a new industrial city, with rapid expansion and industrialization arising. The new industrial and residential areas were named Madīnat al Jubayl aṣ Ṣinā`īyah (Jubail Industrial City). The 2005 Census Report for Jubail Industrial City estimates the population at 224,430 residents.

History

The town of Al-Jubail, on the Persian Gulf coast of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, has ancient roots. Human habitation dates back at least 7,000 years, when the people of Dilmun — whose civilization radiated up and down the coast of the Persian Gulf — established a settlement there.

In September 1933, Jubail gained a measure of fame as the landing site for the first team of geologists to explore for oil in Saudi Arabia.

Jubail Industrial City
Main article: Jubail Industrial City

It is the World's Largest Industrial City established in 1975. It  covers 1,016 square kilometers and includes industrial complexes, major harbour and port facilities. It contributes to about 7% of Saudi Arabia’'s GDP.[2]

Bechtel began work on the Jubail Industrial City project more than 40 years ago and is still working in Jubail now. Bechtel has managed the Jubail project since it began in the mid-1970s, and in 2004 the Royal Commission for Jubail and Yanbu asked the company to manage Jubail II, a $3.8 billion expansion of the city's industrial and residential areas.


King Abdul-Aziz Naval Base
Jubail from space, June 1996
Aerial view November 2014
Factories in Jubail

Transportation

Highway

Jubail is directly connected with other cities by two major highways; Dhahran-Jubail Highway and Abu Hadriyah Highway.

One ongoing project is the Jubail-Qassim (Buraidah) Expressway 500 km (310 mi), which will reduce the distance between Jubail and Qassim (Buraidah) to around 331 km (206 mi) from the current 831 km (516 mi).

Railway

A branch of the Saudi Landbridge Project railway is proposed to connect Jubail to Dammam.

Seaport

There are two seaports in Jubail—the Jubail Commercial Seaport and the King Fahd Industrial Seaport. As of 2011, Jubail ranks 92nd in the world in terms of Total Cargo Volume with 44,700 tons.[3]

Airport

The city is served by King Fahd International Airport.

Jubail Airport is an airfield 25 kilometres (16 mi) west of Jubail City, near the industrial area. Originally constructed by the Royal Commission of Jubail and Yanbu as part of Jubail project, it was meant to be used for commercial aviation until it was decided to utilize the large nearby King Fahd International Airport. Thus, it was handed over to the Ministry of Defence and has been used as a base for the naval aviation group/eastern fleet of the Royal Saudi Navy since then. The terminal in Dammam Airport is about 60 km drive from the suburbs of Jubail, 80 km from the city center and 100 km from the Royal Commission neighborhoods.

However it was recently announced that the airport will be opened for private aviation operations starting September 2014. A project to renovate the airfield was undertaken since some of the airfield's infrastructure was incomplete, as a result of the previous change for the use of airport from commercial to military. To date, the project and renovations have not been completed.

In addition, two other airfields are located in the city; Abu Ali Airport is located in the Island of Abu Ali while the other is located in King Abdulaziz Naval Base.

Main sights
Jubail Church ruins

Jubail has a robust market place, known as International Market. It also has several malls, such as the Giant Store, Fanateer Mall, Galleria Mall, Jubail Center Mall, City Max, Hyper-Panda, Panda, HyperMarket, Jubail Centre, Home Center, Red Tag, Centrepoint, Nesto, Jubail Plaza, Lulu and Jubail Mall[4]

The Jubail desalination plant

As part of the industrial city, Jubail has a desalination plant called Saline Water Conversion Corp. (SWCC). In 2019, SWCC hit Guinness World Record as the largest producer of desalinated water worldwide. The plant hit the record as it produces 5.6 million cubic meters every day.[5]

Distances to nearby places

Eastern Province

Other provinces

Other cities of the Arab states of the Persian Gulf

Education

Schools
  1. Al Moattasem International School
  2. ISG Jubail
  3. International Indian School, Al- Jubail (IIS Jubail)
  4. Jubail Academy International School
  5. Hafeez International School
  6. Pakistan International School
  7. Mariya international School
  8. King Fahd High School
  9. Najd Secondary School
  10. Umm Alqurra Secondary School
  11. Dana Elementary School
  12. Andulas Elementary School
  13. Al Murjan Elementary School
  14. Al Ahsa Secondary School
  15. Fayha Elementary School
  16. Khaleeg Intermediate School
  17. Fanatir Elementary School
  18. Al Deffi Secondary School
  19. Al Abna'a Schools

Universities and colleges
Jubail Industrial College
  1. Jubail University College
  2. Jubail Industrial College
  3. Jubail Technical Institute

Hospitals, dispensaries and dental centers
  • Almana Medical Center .
  • Almana General Hospital .
  • Branch Suncity Polyclinic (KIMS)
  • Ram Dental Complex
  • Al-Shabani General Hospital .
  • Al Fanateer Hospital .
  • Mouwasat Hospital .
  • Mayo Dental Center .
  • Majid Medical Complex .
  • Lulu Hospital .
  • Kingdom Dental Medical Dispensary .
  • Royal Commission Hospital .
  • Huda Younis Dental Complex .
  • Armed Forces Hospital .
  • Al-Shifa Hospital .
  • Al-Fayadh Medical Clinic .
  • Al-Hijailan Medical Clinic .
  • Lulu Dispensary .
  • Dina Dispensary for Medical Services .
  • Al-Khonaini Dispensary .
  • Jubail National Dispensary .
  • Jubail Medical Center ( Mutlaq Al Otaibi Medical Service Group ) .
  • Jubail General Hospital .
  • Badr Al Khaleej Medical Center
  • Ar Razi Clinic .
  • KIMS Medical Center .
  • Al Naba Medical Complex

Climate

Jubail has a hot desert climate (Köppen climate classification BWh).

Climate data for Jubail
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Average high °C (°F) 23.0
(73.4)		 26.0
(78.8)		 32.0
(89.6)		 34.0
(93.2)		 39.0
(102.2)		 44.0
(111.2)		 45.0
(113.0)		 44.0
(111.2)		 43.0
(109.4)		 36.0
(96.8)		 27.0
(80.6)		 24.0
(75.2)		 34.8
(94.6)
Average low °C (°F) 9.0
(48.2)		 13.0
(55.4)		 17.0
(62.6)		 22.0
(71.6)		 25.0
(77.0)		 30.0
(86.0)		 31.0
(87.8)		 30.0
(86.0)		 27.0
(80.6)		 24.0
(75.2)		 19.0
(66.2)		 14.0
(57.2)		 21.8
(71.2)
Source: Wunderground King Fahad Airport (2018)

See also

References
  1. "World's Largest Industrial Areas". WorldAtlas. Retrieved 2019-05-05.
  2. "Jubail Industrial City". MEED. 2017-05-01. Retrieved 2019-05-05.
  3. "Ports & World Trade". www.aapa-ports.org. Retrieved 9 April 2018.
  4. "Google Maps". Google Maps. Retrieved 9 April 2018.
  5. "Saline Water corporation receives Guinness World Records". Arab News. 2019-02-21. Retrieved 2019-02-21.

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