List of automated train systems

The list of automated train systems is ordered in descending order of the degree of automation. It uses the Grade of Automation classifications specified by the standard IEC 62290‐1. These are explained diagrammatically by the UITP.

Singapore has the longest automated metro system in the world with all of its Mass Rapid Transit lines having 4th grade automation (GoA4). It has had automated lines since 2003 and currently has 199 km (124 mi) of automated lines with an additional 43 km (27 mi) by 2024 with the completion of the new Thomson-East Coast line.
Kuala Lumpur's Rapid KL network has the world's 2nd longest automated metro length, consisting of the Kelana Jaya and Kajang Lines totalling 97.4 km (60.5 mi) of automated length.

This list focuses heavily on trains in the classical sense used for large-scale railways for passengers and freight but does include a few people mover systems.

History of metro train automation

The first line to be operated with Automatic Train Operation (ATO) was London Underground's Victoria line, which opened in 1967, although a driver is present in the cabin. Many lines now operate using an ATO system, with the aim of improving the frequency of service. Since then, ATO technology has been developed to enable trains to operate even without a driver in a cab: either with an attendant roaming within the train, or with no staff on board. The first fully automated driverless mass-transit rail network is the Port Island Line in Kobe, Japan. The second in the world (and the first such driverless system in Europe) is the Lille Metro in northern France.

Degrees of automation

The list is ordered in descending order of the degree of automation. It uses the Grade of Automation classifications specified by the standard IEC 62290‐1.[1] These are explained diagrammatically by the UITP.[2]

Metro Vancouver's SkyTrain has been in operation since 1985; it is fully automated on all lines and is the 3rd longest automated metro system in the world with 79.6 km (49.5 mi) of automated tracks.
The Rio Tinto Mining Company in Western Australia runs the world's largest network of driverless trains, with 1,700 km (1,100 mi) of freight railways run by an increasing number of completely unattended trains.

Grade-of-Automation 4 (GoA4)
Barcelona Metro line 9 without train driver (GoA4)

In this system, trains are capable of operating automatically at all times, including door closing, obstacle detection and emergency situations. On-board staff may be provided for other purposes, e.g. customer service, but are not required for safe operation.

Examples include the Barcelona Metro line 9, Sydney Metro, and the Copenhagen Metro.

Grade-of-Automation 3 (GoA3)

In this system, trains run automatically from station to station but a staff member is always in the train, with responsibility for handling of emergency situations. In a GoA3 system, the train cannot operate safely without the staff member on board.

Examples include the Docklands Light Railway.

Grade-of-Automation 2 (GoA2)

In this system, trains run automatically from station to station but a driver is in the cab, with responsibility for door closing, obstacle detection on the track in front of the train and handling of emergency situations. As in a GoA3 system, the GoA2 train cannot operate safely without the staff member on board.

Examples include the London Underground Victoria line.

Standard systems for automated operation

Grade-of-Automation 4 systems

These systems are capable of unattended train operation (UTO), although some operators may choose to staff trains anyway.

GoA4 – Americas
AirTrain JFK system
LINK Train at Toronto Pearson International Airport
Country/region Name of system Line Date System Notes
BrazilSão Paulo MetroLine 2 (Green)Bombardier CITYFLO 650[3]
Line 4 (Yellow)25 May 2010Siemens Trainguard MT CBTCFirst completely driverless metro line in Latin America[4]
Line 15 (Silver)30 August 2014Bombardier CITYFLO 650
CanadaLINK Train6 July 2006DCC Doppelmayr Cable Car
SkyTrainExpo Line11 December 1985SelTracThe longest driverless network in the Americas, at 79.6 km.[5]
Millennium Line7 January 2002
Canada Line17 August 2009
ChileSantiago MetroLine 322 January 2019SelTrac
Line 62 November 2017
MexicoAerotrén2007DCC Doppelmayr Cable Car
United StatesAeroTrain20 January 2010SelTrac
Airport Transit System6 May 1993VAL system
AirTrain JFK17 December 2003SelTrac
AirTrain Newark31 May 1996SelTrac
AirTrain SFO24 February 2003Bombardier CITYFLO 650
Aria Express1 December 2009DCC Doppelmayr Cable Car
Bay Area Rapid TransitBART to OAK line22 November 2014DCC Doppelmayr Cable Car
Cincinnati Airport People Mover9 June 1994Otis Hovair
Detroit People Mover1987SelTrac
DFW Skylink21 May 2005Bombardier CITYFLO 650
DIA Automated Guideway Transit28 February 1995Bombardier CITYFLO 550
ExpressTram24 February 2002Otis Hovair
George Bush Intercontinental Airport People MoversSkyway24 May 1999Bombardier CITYFLO 550
Subway1969WEDway[lower-alpha 1]
Getty Center Tram1997Otis Hovair
Hartsfield–Jackson Atlanta International Airport People MoversThe Plane Train21 September 1980Bombardier CITYFLO 550
ATL Skytrain8 December 2009
Huntsville Hospital Tram System19 June 2002Otis Hovair
Jacksonville Skyway1989SelTrac
Las Vegas Monorail2004SelTrac
Mandalay Bay Tram9 April 1999DCC Doppelmayr Cable Car
McCarran International Airport Automated People MoversGreen Line1985Bombardier CITYFLO 650
Blue Line1998
Red Line2012
Memphis Suspension Railway1982
Miami International Airport People MoversMIA e Train1980MiniMetro[lower-alpha 2]
Skytrain15 September 2010Mitsubishi Crystal Mover
MIA Mover9 September 2011
Miami Metromover17 April 1986Bombardier CITYFLO 550
Minneapolis–St. Paul Airport TramsHub Tram3 April 2001Otis Hovair
'C' Concourse People Mover5 May 2004
Morgantown Personal Rapid Transit1975
Orlando International Airport People MoversAirside systems1981Mitsubishi Crystal Mover
Intermodal Terminal system2017
PHX Sky Train8 April 2013Bombardier CITYFLO 650
Pittsburgh International Airport People Mover1 October 1992Bombardier CITYFLO 650
Satellite Transit System1973Bombardier CITYFLO 650
SMF Automated People Mover6 October 2011Bombardier CITYFLO 650
Tampa International Airport People MoversAirside systems1971Bombardier CITYFLO 550
Monorail1991
SkyConnect2018
VenezuelaCabletren Bolivariano14 August 2013DCC Doppelmayr Cable Car

GoA4 – Asia
A train on the Rapid KL Line 9 in Malaysia. At 51 km (32 mi), it is one of the longest single lines in Asia
A Magenta Line Train waiting at a station in Delhi.
Country/region Name of system Line Date System Notes
China (Mainland)Beijing Capital International Airport Terminal 3 People MoverMarch 2008Bombardier CITYFLO 550
Beijing SubwayYanfang line30 December 2017BTCT[6]
Daxing Airport Express26 September 2019[7]
Guangzhou MetroAPM Line8 November 2010Bombardier CITYFLO 650
Shanghai MetroLine 1010 April 2010Alstom Urbalis 400Initially operated in GoA2 and GoA3
Pujiang line31 March 2018Bombardier CITYFLO 650
Hong KongHong Kong International Airport Automated People Mover6 July 1998SelTrac
MTRDisneyland Resort Line1 August 2005SelTracMost trains have an attendant on board
South Island Line (East)28 December 2016Alstom Urbalis 400All trains have an attendant on board[8]
IndiaDelhi MetroPink Line14 March 2018Bombardier CITYFLO 65058.59 km (36.41 mi). Initially with an attendant on board
Magenta Line25 December 2017Nippon Signal SPARCSInitially with an attendant on board
Grey Line4 October 2019Bombardier CITYFLO 650
JapanKanazawa Seaside Line5 July 1989
Kobe New TransitPort Island Line5 February 1981World's first GoA4 line
Rokkō Island Line21 February 1990
Linimo6 March 2005World's first unmanned maglev
Osaka MetroNanko Port Town Line1991Previously used GoA2 from 1981 to 1991
Skyrail Midorizaka Line28 August 1998People Mover monorail
Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of TransportationNippori-Toneri Liner30 March 2008
Wing Shuttle4 September 1994
Yurikamome1 November 1995
MacauMacau Light Rapid TransitTaipa Line10 December 2019[9]
Malaysia KLIA Aerotrain1998Bombardier CITYFLO 550
Rapid KLKelana Jaya Line1 September 1998SelTracThe first GoA4 in Malaysia, at 46.4 km (28.8 mi)
Kajang Line16 December 2016Bombardier CITYFLO 650The second GoA4 and the longest in Malaysia, at 51 km (32 mi)
Ampang Line2017SelTrac[lower-alpha 3]
Sri Petaling Line
Melaka Monorail4 December 2017
QatarDoha MetroRed Line8 May 2019SelTrac
Green Line10 December 2019
Gold Line21 November 2019
Hamad International Airport Shuttle2014DCC Doppelmayr Cable Car
Saudi ArabiaRiyadh MetroBlue Line, Red Line2019Siemens CBTC
Orange LineAnsaldo STS
Yellow Line, Green Line, Purple LineAlstom Urbalis 400
SingaporeChangi Airport Skytrain1990Kyosan APM[lower-alpha 4]
Light Rail Transit (Singapore)Bukit Panjang LRT line6 November 1999Bombardier CITYFLO 550
Sengkang LRT line18 January 2003Kyosan APM
Punggol LRT line29 January 2005
Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore)North East MRT line20 June 2003Alstom Urbalis 300[lower-alpha 5][lower-alpha 6]
Circle MRT line28 May 2009
Downtown MRT line22 December 2013Siemens Trainguard Sirius CBTC
North South MRT line2017[11] Thales Seltrac® Convergence CBTC[12]
East West MRT line18 June 2017 (Tuas West extension)
28 May 2018 (whole line)[11]
Thomson-East Coast MRT line31 January 2020[13]Alstom Urbalis 400
South KoreaBusan-Gimhae Light Rail Transit9 September 2011SelTrac
Busan MetroLine 430 March 2011
Daegu MetroLine 323 April 2015
Incheon Airport Maglev3 February 2016
Incheon Airport Shuttle train20 June 2008
Incheon SubwayLine 230 July 2016SelTrac
Seoul Light Rapid TransitU Line1 July 2012VAL system
Everline26 April 2013Bombardier CITYFLO 650
Ui LRT2 September 2017
Gimpo Goldline28 September 2019Nippon Signal SPARCS
Seoul Metropolitan SubwayShinbundang Line28 October 2011SelTrac
Wolmi Sea Train8 October 2019Urbanaut
TaiwanTaipei MetroWenhu Line28 March 1996Bombardier CITYFLO 650[lower-alpha 7][lower-alpha 8]
Circular Line31 January 2020AnsaldoBreda Driverless Metro
Taoyuan International Airport Skytrain18 January 2003
TurkeyIstanbul MetroLine M515 September 2017Bombardier CITYFLO 650[lower-alpha 9][14]
United Arab EmiratesDubai International Airport Automated People MoverTerminal 1 APM2016
Terminal 3 APMJanuary 2013
Dubai MetroRed Line9 September 2009SelTrac[lower-alpha 10]
Green Line9 September 2011
Dubai Tram11 November 2014Alstom Urbalis 400
Palm Jumeirah Monorail30 April 2009

GoA4 – Europe
The Lille Metro is operated using fully automated rubber-tyred VAL vehicles
Country/region Name of system Line Date System Notes
DenmarkCopenhagen MetroLine M119 October 2002Ansaldo STS / AnsaldoBreda Driverless Metro
Line M2
Line M329 September 2019
Line M428 March 2020
FranceCDGVALLine 13 April 2007VAL system
Line 227 June 2007
Lille MetroLine A25 April 1983VAL systemFirst line to use the VAL system
Line B1 April 1989
Lyon MetroLine D11 December 1992Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC[lower-alpha 11][lower-alpha 12]
Orlyval2 October 1991VAL system
Paris MetroLine 13 November 2011Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC[lower-alpha 11]
Line 42022 (Under conversion)Currently under conversion from manual to driverless operation
Line 1415 October 1998
Rennes MetroLine A15 March 2002VAL system
Line B2020
Toulouse MetroLine A26 June 1993VAL system
Line B30 June 2007
GermanyDortmund H-Bahn2 May 1984SIPEM
Düsseldorf Airport SkyTrain1 July 2002SIPEM
Munich Airport Satellite Terminal Shuttle Train2016Bombardier CITYFLO 650[15]
Nuremberg U-BahnLine U22 January 2010[lower-alpha 11]
Line U314 June 2008
SkyLine1994VAL system
HungaryBudapest MetroLine 428 March 2014Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC[16]
ItalyBrescia Metro2 March 2013Ansaldo STS / AnsaldoBreda Driverless Metro
Milan MetroLine 42022 (Under construction)Ansaldo STS / AnsaldoBreda Driverless Metro
Line 510 February 2013
Pisa Mover2017MiniMetro
Rome MetroLine C9 November 2014Ansaldo STS / AnsaldoBreda Driverless Metro
SkyBridge1999
Turin MetroLine M14 February 2006VAL system[lower-alpha 13]
Venice People Mover19 April 2010DCC Doppelmayr Cable Car
RussiaAutomated Passenger Transportation SystemJune 2018DCC Doppelmayr Cable Car
SpainBarcelona MetroLine 913 December 2009Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC47.8 km (29.7 mi)
Line 1010 April 2010
Madrid Barajas Airport People MoverDecember 2005Bombardier CITYFLO 550
SwitzerlandLausanne MetroLine M227 October 2008Alstom Urbalis 300
SkymetroSeptember 2003Otis Hovair
United KingdomAirRail Link7 March 2003DCC Doppelmayr Cable Car
Gatwick Airport Shuttle Transit1987Bombardier CITYFLO 650
Heathrow Terminal 5 Transit2008Bombardier CITYFLO 650
Stansted Airport Transit System1991Bombardier CITYFLO 550

GoA4 – Oceania
Sydney Metro Alstom Metropolis
Country/region Name of system Line Date System Notes
AustraliaPilbara railwaysPilbara iron ore trains from Roy Hill28 December 2018Hitachi AutoHaul[lower-alpha 14]
Sydney MetroNorth West Line26 May 2019Alstom Urbalis 400[lower-alpha 15]

Grade-of-Automation 3 systems
Whereas Docklands Light Railway trains are driverless and do not have a separate cab, there is provision for manual operation

GoA3 – Americas
Country/region Name of system Line Date System Notes
BrazilSalvador MetroLine 12014SelTrac[17][lower-alpha 16]
Line 22016
São Paulo MetroLine 1 (Blue)March 1976ATO[lower-alpha 17]
Line 2 (Green)February 2016Alstom Urbalis 400
Line 3 (Red)10 March 1979ATO
Line 5 (Lilac)12 March 2017Bombardier CITYFLO 650[lower-alpha 18]
United StatesWalt Disney World Monorail System2016SelTrac

GoA3 – Asia
Country/region Name of system Line Date System Notes
China (Mainland)Beijing SubwayCapital Airport Express19 July 2008Alstom Urbalis 400
China RailwayBeijing–Zhangjiakou intercity railway30 December 2019CTCS-3+ATO[lower-alpha 19]
Pudong International Airport MRT16 September 2019FITSCO JeRail
Shanghai MetroLine 1730 December 2017CASCO TRANAVI[18]
Wuhan MetroYangluo line26 December 2017CASCO[19]
IndonesiaSoekarno–Hatta Airport Skytrain17 September 2017
JapanDisney Resort Line27 July 2001
SingaporeSentosa ExpressNovember 2017Hitachi Moving Block Wireless CBTC

GoA3 – Europe
Country/region Name of system Line Date System Notes
BulgariaSofia MetroLine 32020Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC [20]
HungaryBudapest MetroLine 22013Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC[lower-alpha 20]
SpainBarcelona MetroLine 112009Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC
United KingdomDocklands Light Railway31 August 1987SelTrac[lower-alpha 21]

Grade-of-Automation 2 systems

GoA2 – Africa
Country/region Name of system Line Date System Notes
AlgeriaAlgiers MetroLine 11 November 2011Siemens CBTC

GoA2 – Americas
Control panel of a BART train, which has a black knob to allow the driver to switch between different modes of operation
Much like BART, Washington Metro trains also have a rotary switch to allow the driver to switch between automatic and manual operation
Country/region Name of system Line Date System Notes
ArgentinaBuenos Aires UndergroundLine C2016Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC
Line H
CanadaMontreal MetroLine 1 Green1976[lower-alpha 11]
Line 2 Orange
Line 5 Blue1986
O-TrainConfederation Line14 September 2019SelTrac
Toronto subwayLine 1 Yonge–UniversityDecember 2017Alstom Urbalis 400[lower-alpha 22]
Line 3 ScarboroughMarch 1985SelTrac[lower-alpha 23]
ChileSantiago MetroLine 12012Alstom Urbalis 400
MexicoMexico City MetroLine 1230 October 2012Alstom Urbalis 400
PanamaPanama MetroLine 16 April 2014Alstom Urbalis 400
Line 225 April 2019
Puerto RicoTren Urbano19 December 2004[lower-alpha 24]
United StatesBay Area Rapid TransitOrange Line11 September 1972
Yellow Line21 May 1973
Green Line16 August 1974
Red Line19 April 1976
Blue Line10 May 1997
Purple Line22 June 2003
MARTA railRed Line1996
Gold Line1981
Blue Line1979
Green Line1992
Muni MetroMarket Street SubwaySelTrac[lower-alpha 25]
Twin Peaks Tunnel
New York City SubwayBMT Canarsie Line (L train)2012Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC[21][22]
IRT Flushing Line (7 and <7>​ trains)10 May 2019Thales CBTC[23]
PATCO SpeedlineBetween Philadelphia and New Jersey4 January 1969
Washington MetroRed Line27 March 1976[lower-alpha 26]
Blue Line1 July 1977
Orange Line20 November 1978
Yellow Line30 April 1983
Green Line11 May 1991
Silver Line26 July 2014

GoA2 – Asia
Many metro systems with automatic train operation, such as the Tokyo Metro Namboku Line, are equipped with platform screen doors
Country/region Name of system Line Date System Notes
ChinaBeijing SubwayLine 19 December 2015CASCO Urbalis 888Previously used Westinghouse ATC in GoA1
Line 29 June 2008
Line 428 September 2009SelTrac
Line 57 October 2007Westinghouse ATCNewer BTCT LCF-300 will be added and interoperable with existing system
Line 630 December 2012CASCO Urbalis 888
Line 728 December 2014BTCT LCF-300
Line 819 July 2008CRSC FL300
Line 931 December 2011CASCO Urbalis 888
Line 1019 July 2008Siemens Trainguard CBTC
Line 13
Line 145 May 2013BTCT LCF-300
Line 1530 December 2010Nippon Signal SPARCS
Line 1631 December 2016BTCT LCF-300
Ba Tong LineCASCO Urbalis 888
Changping Line30 December 2010BTCT LCF-300
Daxing LineSelTrac
Fangshan LineCASCO Urbalis 888
Yizhuang LineBTCT LCF-300
S1 Line30 December 2017
Changchun Rail TransitLine 130 June 2017CASCO Urbalis 888
Line 230 August 2018
Line 430 June 2011
Changsha Maglev Express6 May 2016
Changsha MetroLine 128 June 2016
Line 229 April 2014
Line 426 May 2019
Changzhou MetroLine 121 September 2019Bombardier CITYFLO 650[25]
Chengdu MetroLine 127 September 2010
Line 216 September 2012
Line 331 July 2016
Line 426 December 2015Alstom Urbalis 400
Line 527 December 2019
Line 76 December 2017Alstom Urbalis 400
Line 106 September 2017
China RailwayBeijing–Shanghai high-speed railway2019
Dongguan–Huizhou intercity railway30 March 2016CASCO INTXIS
Chongqing Rail TransitLoop Line28 December 2018BTCT LCF-300Interoperable with other lines with Type As trainset despite different suppliers
Line 128 July 2011Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC
Line 329 September 2011BTCT CBTC
Line 428 December 2018UniTTEC BiTRACON CBTCInteroperable with other lines with Type As trainset despite different suppliers
Line 528 December 2017CRSC FZL300
Line 628 September 2012Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC
Line 1028 December 2017CARS MTC-IInteroperable with other lines with Type As trainset despite different suppliers
Dalian MetroLine 130 October 2015Ansaldo STS CBTC
Line 222 May 2015
Line 1230 December 2013CRSC
Dongguan Rail TransitLine 227 May 2016SelTrac CBTC
Foshan MetroLine 13 November 2010Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC
Fuzhou MetroLine 118 May 2016Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC
Line 226 April 2019
Guangzhou MetroLine 128 June 1997Siemens LZB 700M
Line 225 September 2010
Line 326 December 2005SelTrac
Line 4Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC
Line 528 December 2009
Line 628 December 2013CASCO Urbalis 888
Line 728 December 2016CARS MTC-I
Line 825 September 2010Siemens LZB 700M
Line 928 December 2017SelTrac
Line 13CASCO Urbalis 888
Line 14SelTrac
Line 2128 December 2018
Guiyang MetroLine 128 December 2017BTCT LCF-300
Harbin MetroLine 126 September 2013Kyosan
Line 326 January 2017
Hangzhou MetroLine 124 November 2012Ansaldo STS CBTC
Line 224 November 2014
Line 42 February 2015 UniTTEC BiTRACON CBTC[26]
Line 524 June 2019
Line 1623 April 2020SelTrac CBTC
Hefei MetroLine 126 December 2016SelTrac CBTC
Line 226 December 2017
Line 326 December 2019CRSC FZL-300
Hohhot MetroLine 129 December 2019CASCO Urbalis 888
Jinan MetroLine 11 April 2019
Line 328 December 2019CASCO Urbalis 888
Kunming MetroLine 120 May 2013CASCO Urbalis 888
Line 230 April 2014
Line 329 August 2017
Line 6
Lanzhou MetroLine 123 June 2019CASCO Urbalis 888
Nanchang MetroLine 126 December 2015SelTrac CBTC
Line 218 August 2017
Nanjing MetroLine 13 September 2005Siemens LZB 700 M
Line 228 May 2010Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC
Line 31 April 2015
Line 418 January 2017
Line 101 July 2014Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC
Line S1SelTrac CBTC
Line S36 December 2017
Line S726 May 2018
Line S81 August 2014CASCO Urbalis 888
Line S930 December 2017Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC
Nanning MetroLine 128 June 2016CASCO Urbalis 888
Line 228 December 2017
Line 36 June 2019
Ningbo Rail TransitLine 130 May 2014Alstom Urbalis 400
Line 226 September 2015
Line 330 June 2019
Ningfeng Line28 September 2019
Qingdao MetroLine 210 December 2017
Line 316 December 2015
Line 1123 April 2018CASCO Urbalis 888
Line 1326 December 2018
Shanghai Maglev Train2004Transrapid
Shanghai MetroLine 11995General Railway Signal Micro Cabmatic
Line 211 June 2000CASCO Urbalis 200Similar to GRS Micro Cabmatic, newer train (since 2019) use CASCO Urbalis 888 and interoperable with older trains
Line 326 December 2000Similar to GRS Micro Cabmatic
Line 431 December 2005
Line 52018SelTrac
Line 62011
Line 72010
Line 82011
Line 9
Line 112012
Line 1229 December 2013Alstom Urbalis 400
Line 1320 April 2010
Line 1629 December 2013
Shenyang MetroLine 127 September 2010Ansaldo STS CBTC
Line 29 January 2012
Line 925 May 2019CASCO Urbalis 888
Line 1029 April 2020
Shenzhen MetroLine 128 December 2004Siemens LZB 700M
Line 228 December 2010CASCO Urbalis 888
Line 3Bombardier CITYFLO 650
Line 428 December 2004Siemens LZB 700M
Line 522 June 2011CASCO Urbalis 888
Line 728 October 2016BTCT LCF-300
Line 9SelTrac CBTC
Line 1128 June 2016CASCO Urbalis 888
Shijiazhuang MetroLine 126 June 2017
Line 3
Suzhou Rail TransitLine 128 April 2012
Line 228 December 2013
Line 325 December 2019CASCO Urbalis 888
Line 415 April 2017
Tianjin MetroLine 112 June 2006
Line 21 July 2012Bombardier CITYFLO 650
Line 31 October 2012
Line 522 October 2018
Line 66 August 2016
Line 9March 28 2006
Ürümqi MetroLine 125 October 2018
Wenzhou MetroLine S123 January 2019
Wuhan MetroLine 128 July 2004SelTrac
Line 228 December 2012Alstom Urbalis 400
Line 328 December 2015
Line 428 December 2013Alstom Urbalis 400
Line 628 December 2016CASCO Urbalis 888
Line 71 October 2018
Line 826 December 2017CASCO Urbalis 888
Line 111 October 2018
Wuxi MetroLine 11 July 2014Alstom Urbalis 400
Line 228 December 2014
Xi'an MetroLine 115 September 2013Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC
Line 216 September 2011Ansaldo STS CBTC
Line 38 November 2016
Line 426 December 2018CASCO Urbalis 888
Airport Intercity Railway29 September 2019
Xiamen MetroLine 131 December 2017CASCO Urbalis 888
Line 225 December 2019
Xuzhou MetroLine 128 September 2019
Zhengzhou MetroLine 128 December 2013
Line 219 August 2016CASCO Urbalis 888
Line 520 May 2019
Line 1419 September 2019CASCO TRANAVI
Chengjiao Line12 January 2017CASCO Urbalis 888
Hong KongMTRKwun Tong Line1 October 1979SACEM[lower-alpha 27]
Tsuen Wan Line17 May 1982
Island Line31 May 1985
Tung Chung Line21 June 1998
Airport Express6 July 1998
Tseung Kwan O Line18 August 2002
East Rail Line2002Alstom TBL
West Rail Line20 December 2003SelTrac
Tuen Ma line21 December 2004
IndiaAhmedabad MetroEast-West Corridor4 March 2019Nippon Signal SPARCS
Chennai MetroBlue Line21 September 2016
Green Line25 September 2015
Delhi MetroRed Line25 December 2002Alstom Urbalis 200[lower-alpha 28]
Yellow Line20 December 2004
Blue Line31 December 2005Siemens[lower-alpha 29]
Green Line3 April 2010Bombardier CITYFLO 350
Violet Line3 October 2010
Airport Express23 February 2011
Hyderabad MetroRed Line28 November 2017SelTrac[lower-alpha 30]
Blue Line
Green Line7 February 2020
Kochi MetroLine 117 June 2017Alstom Urbalis 400
Kolkata MetroLine 1
Line 213 February 2020Ansaldo STS CBTC
Lucknow MetroRed Line5 September 2017Alstom Urbalis 400
Mumbai MetroLine 18 June 2014Siemens LZB 700M
Nagpur MetroOrange Line7 March 2019
Aqua Line28 January 2020
Namma MetroPurple Line20 October 2011Alstom Urbalis 200
Green Line1 March 2014
Noida MetroAqua Line25 January 2019Ansaldo STS CBTC
Rapid Metro Gurgaon14 November 2013
IndonesiaJakarta LRTLRT Line A1 December 2019
Jakarta MRTMRT Line 124 March 2019[27]Nippon Signal SPARCS[28]
JapanFukuoka City SubwayKūkō Line
Hakozaki Line
Nanakuma Line3 February 2005
Kobe Municipal SubwaySeishin-Yamate Line
Kaigan Line7 June 2001
Hokushin Line2 April 1988[lower-alpha 31]
Kyoto Municipal SubwayTōzai Line12 October 1997
Nagoya Municipal SubwayHigashiyama Line2015
Sakura-dōri Line16 February 1994
Okinawa Urban Monorail10 August 2003
Osaka MetroTanimachi Line[lower-alpha 32]
Sennichimae Line2015[lower-alpha 33]
Nagahori Tsurumi-ryokuchi Line31 March 1990
Saitama RailwaySaitama Rapid Railway Line28 March 2001[lower-alpha 34]
Sapporo Municipal SubwayNamboku Line2012
Tōzai Line2008[lower-alpha 35]
Tōhō Line2016
Sendai SubwayNanboku Line15 July 1987[lower-alpha 36]
Tōzai Line6 December 2015
Tama Toshi Monorail27 November 1998
Tokyo MetroMarunouchi Line[lower-alpha 37]
Namboku Line
Fukutoshin Line
Yūrakuchō Line
Chiyoda Line(Kita-Ayase branch)
Hibiya Line[lower-alpha 38]
Tokyo Metropolitan Bureau of TransportationToei Ōedo Line10 December 1991
Toei Mita Line
Tsukuba Express24 August 2005
Yokohama Municipal SubwayBlue Line20 January 2007
Green Line30 March 2008
MalaysiaExpress Rail LinkKLIA Ekspres14 April 2002Bombardier CITYFLO 550
KLIA Transit
Rapid KLKL Monorail31 August 2003
PhilippinesManila Light Rail Transit SystemLine 25 April 2003
Saudi ArabiaMecca MetroAl Mashaaer Al Mugaddassah Metro line13 November 2010SelTrac
South KoreaBusan MetroLine 119 July 1985
Line 230 June 1999
Line 328 November 2005
Daegu MetroLine 126 November 1997
Line 218 October 2005
Daejeon MetroLine 116 March 2006
Gwangju MetroLine 128 April 2004
Incheon SubwayLine 16 October 1999
Seoul Metropolitan SubwayLine 22010Siemens LZB 700M[lower-alpha 39]
Line 515 November 1995[lower-alpha 40]
Line 67 August 2000
Line 711 October 1996
Line 823 November 1999
Line 924 July 2009
AREX23 March 2007
Bundang Line2006SelTrac[lower-alpha 41]
Seohae Line16 June 2018Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC
TaiwanKaohsiung Rapid TransitRed line9 March 2008
Orange line14 September 2008
Taipei MetroTamsui–Xinyi line28 March 1997
Songshan–Xindian line24 December 1998
Zhonghe–Xinlu line
Bannan line24 December 1999
Taoyuan MetroTaoyuan Airport MRT2 March 2017
ThailandBTS SkytrainSukhumvit Line5 December 1999Bombardier CITYFLO 450
Silom Line
MRT (Bangkok)Blue Line3 July 2004Siemens LZB 700M
Purple Line6 August 2016Bombardier CITYFLO 650
State Railway of ThailandSuvarnabhumi Airport Rail Link23 August 2010Siemens LZB 700M
TurkeyAnkara MetroBatıkent Metrosu (M1)29 December 1997Ansaldo STS CBTC[29]Previously used Seltrac CBTC [lower-alpha 42]
Koru Metrosu (M2)2014
Törekent Metrosu (M3)
Keçiören Metrosu (M4)5 January 2017
İstanbul MetroLine M216 September 2000Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC
Line M314 June 2013Bombardier CITYFLO 350
Line M417 August 2012Seltrac CBTC
Line M619 April 2015Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC
Marmaray29 October 2013Invensys Sirius CBTC

GoA2 – Europe
The Victoria Line in London was the first metro line to be equipped with automatic train operation
Country/region Name of system Line Date System Notes
AustriaVienna U-BahnLine U1[lower-alpha 43]
Line U2
Line U3
Line U4
Czech RepublicPrague MetroLine AAŽD Praha LZA
Line B[lower-alpha 44]
Line CSiemens PA 135
FinlandHelsinki MetroLine M12014Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC[lower-alpha 45]
Line M2
FranceLyon MetroLine AMAGGALY
Line B
Paris MetroLine 2
Line 32010OCTYS System
Line 4[lower-alpha 46]
Line 52013OCTYS System
Line 6
Line 7
Line 8
Line 9OCTYS System
Line 11
Line 12
Line 132013SelTracPlanned conversion to GoA4
Paris RERRER ASeptember 1989SACEM
GermanyDüsseldorf Stadtbahn[lower-alpha 47]
Munich U-Bahn[lower-alpha 48]
HungaryBudapest MetroLine 3[lower-alpha 11]
ItalyMilan MetroLine 12010Alstom Urbalis
Line 3
NetherlandsAmsterdam MetroRoute 50Alstom Urbalis 400
Route 51
Route 5230 July 2018[30]
Route 53
Route 54
RomaniaBucharest MetroLine M1Bombardier CITYFLO 350
Line M2
Line M3
Line M4
RussiaKazan MetroCentral Line27 August 2005Dvizhenie
Saint Petersburg MetroLine 2Dvizhenie
Line 4PUAV
Line 5PA-M
SpainBarcelona MetroLine 1Bombardier CITYFLO 350
Line 2
Line 3Bombardier CITYFLO 350
Line 5
Bilbao MetroLine 111 November 1995Bombardier CITYFLO 350
Line 213 April 2002
Line 38 April 2017
Madrid MetroLine 1July 2009Bombardier CITYFLO 650
Line 22011
Line 3
Line 4
Line 5
Line 6July 2008Bombardier CITYFLO 650
Line 72011Invensys CBTC
Line 8
Line 9
Line 10
Line 11
Line 12
Ramal
Málaga MetroLine 130 July 2014Alstom Urbalis 400[31]
Line 2
MetrovalenciaLine 1[lower-alpha 49]
Line 2[lower-alpha 50]
Seville MetroLine 12 April 2009Bombardier CITYFLO 350
SwedenStockholm MetroLine 17
Line 18
Line 19
United KingdomGlasgow Subway16 April 1980
London UndergroundVictoria line1967
Central line1990s (mid-decade)[lower-alpha 11][lower-alpha 51]
Jubilee line2011[lower-alpha 11][lower-alpha 52]
Northern line2012[lower-alpha 11][lower-alpha 53]
Thameslink2018[lower-alpha 54]

Future systems

Americas
Country/region Name of system Line Date System Notes
ArgentinaBuenos Aires UndergroundLine A
Line B
Line D
Line F2022–2024
BrazilManaus MonorailSelTrac
São Paulo MetroLine 12021Alstom Urbalis 400[lower-alpha 55]
Line 3
Line 6Nippon Signal SPARCS[lower-alpha 56][33]
Line 17SelTrac[34][35]
CanadaRéseau express métropolitain
Toronto subwayLine 1 Yonge–University2020–2021Alstom Urbalis 400[lower-alpha 57]
Line 2 Bloor–Danforth2030
Line 5 Eglinton2022Bombardier CITYFLO 650[lower-alpha 58]
ChileSantiago MetroLine 72028SelTrac
Line 8
Line 9
PeruLima MetroLine 22022AnsaldoBreda Driverless Metro
Line 42025
United StatesHonolulu Rail Transit2020AnsaldoBreda Driverless Metro
New York City SubwayIND Culver Line (F, <F>, and ​G trains)2022SelTrac
IND Queens Boulevard Line (E, ​F, <F>, ​M, and ​R trains)Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC
IND Eighth Avenue Line (A, ​C, and ​E trains)2024

Asia
Country/region Name of system Line Date System Notes
ChinaBeijing SubwayLine 32022[38]
Line 112021
Line 12
Line 172022
Line 192021
Line 222023
Line 282022
Changsha MetroLine 32020
Line 5
Line 62021
Changzhou MetroLine 22021
Chengdu MetroLine 62020
Line 8
Line 9Alstom Urbalis CBTC System[lower-alpha 59][39]
Line 17
Line 18
Chongqing Rail TransitLine 92020
Line 182023
Dalian MetroLine 52023
Line 132021
Dongguan Rail TransitLine 12022
Foshan MetroLine 22021
Line 32022
Fuzhou MetroLine 42022
Line 52023
Line 62021
Guangzhou MetroLine 102022[40]
Line 112023
Line 12[40]
Line 182020
Line 222022
Guiyang MetroLine 22020
Line 3
Line S1
Harbin MetroLine 22020
Hangzhou MetroLine 32021
Line 62020
Line 72021
Line 8
Line 9
Line 102022
Airport Express
Fuyang Line2020
Hangshao Line
Hefei MetroLine 42021
Line 5
Hohhot MetroLine 22020
Jinan MetroLine 22020
Kunming MetroLine 42020
Line 52021
Lanzhou MetroLine 22022
Luoyang MetroLine 12021
Line 22022
Nanchang MetroLine 32020
Line 42021
Nanjing MetroLine 52022
Line 62024
Line 72021[41][42]
Line S42022
Line S62023
Nanning MetroLine 42020
Line 52021[43]
Nantong MetroLine 12022
Line 22023
Ningbo Rail TransitLine 42020
Line 52021[44]
Qingdao MetroLine 12020
Line 42022
Line 62024[45]
Line 72020
Line 82021
Shanghai MetroLine 142021Thales, Shanghai Electric[lower-alpha 60][47]
Line 152020Alstom Urbalis 400[48]
Line 18
Line 192023
Line 20
Line 21
Line 23
Shaoxing MetroLine 12021
Hangshao Line2020
Shenyang MetroLine 32025
Line 42022
Line 62025
Shenzhen MetroLine 62020CASCO Urbalis 888
Line 8
Line 10BTCT LCF-300
Line 122022[49][50][51]
Line 13
Line 14BTCT[52]
Line 162023CASCO Urbalis 888[53]
Line 202022-2023
Shijiazhuang MetroLine 22020
Suzhou Rail TransitLine 52021[54]
Line 62024
Line 7
Line 8
Line S12023
Tianjin MetroLine 42021
Line 72024
Line 82022[55]
Line 102021
Line 112023
Line B1
Line Z4
Taiyuan MetroLine 12024
Line 22020
Ürümqi MetroLine 22022
Wenzhou MetroLine S22023
Wuhan MetroLine 52021[19]
Line 122023
Line 162021
Line 192023
Wuxi MetroLine 32020
Line 42021
Line S12024
Xi'an MetroLine 52020
Line 6
Line 82024
Line 92020
Line 102024
Line 142021
Line 162023
Xiamen MetroLine 32020
Line 4
Line 62022
Xuzhou MetroLine 22020
Line 32021
Zhengzhou MetroLine 32020
Line 4
Line 62021
Line 102022
Line 172021
IndiaAhmedabad MetroNorth-South Line2020
Kolkata MetroLine 32021
Line 4
Line 5
Line 62021
Lucknow MetroBlue Line2022
Mumbai MetroLine 22020
Line 32021
Line 4
Line 52022
Line 6
Line 72020
Line 8
Line 92021
Line 102022
Line 11
Line 12
Line 13
Line 14
Navi Mumbai MetroLine 12020Ansaldo STS CBTC
Namma MetroYellow Line2023
Pink Line
IndonesiaGreater Jakarta LRTLRT Line 12021Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC[56]
LRT Line 2
LRT Line 3
MalaysiaRapid KLBandar Utama-Klang Line2024Siemens Trainguard MT CBTC
Putrajaya Line2021Bombardier CITYFLO 650
SingaporeMass Rapid Transit (Singapore)Jurong Region Line2026-2028[57]
Cross Island Line2029-2031[58]
South KoreaBusan MetroLine 52023
Seoul Metropolitan SubwaySillim Line2021
TaiwanTaichung MetroGreen Line2020Alstom Urbalis 400[59]
TurkeyIstanbul MetroLine M72020Bombardier CITYFLO 650[lower-alpha 59]
Line M82021
Line M92022
Line M102021
Line M112021
Line M122024Bombardier CITYFLO 650[lower-alpha 59]
Line M13
VietnamHanoi MetroLine 2A2020
Line 32023
Ho Chi Minh City MetroLine 12021

Europe
Country/region Name of system Line Date System Notes
BelarusMinsk MetroLine 32021Stadler
Czech RepublicPrague MetroLine D
FranceParis MétroLine 132025–2027[lower-alpha 61]
Line 152024–2025
Line 16
Line 17
Line 182027
Toulouse MetroToulouse Aerospace Express2025VAL system
GreeceAthens MetroLine 42028
Thessaloniki MetroLine 12023Ansaldo STS / AnsaldoBreda Driverless Metro
Line 2
IrelandMetroLink (Dublin)2027
ItalyMilan MetroMilan Metro Line 42021–2023Ansaldo STS / AnsaldoBreda Driverless Metro
United KingdomLondon UndergroundAll Subsurface Lines:

Circle, District , Hammersmith & City and Metropolitan.

Deep level tube:

Bakerloo, Central, Piccadilly and Waterloo & City.
TfL RailCrossrail

Oceania
Country/region Name of system Line Date System Notes
AustraliaMetro Trains MelbourneSunbury–Dandenong Line2025–2026Bombardier CITYFLO 650
Queensland Rail City networkCross River Rail2024
Sydney MetroSydney Metro West2030Alstom Urbalis 400

Defunct systems
Country/region Name of system Line Date System Notes
CanadaExpo Express1967–1972Union Switch & Signal[lower-alpha 62]
FrancePoma 20001989–2016
GermanyBerlin M-Bahn1989–1991[lower-alpha 63]
JapanNarita Airport Terminal 2 Shuttle System1992–2013Otis Hovair[lower-alpha 64]
PortugalSATUOeiras2004–2015MiniMetro
United KingdomBirmingham Maglev1984–1995
Post Office Railway1927–2003[lower-alpha 65]
United StatesDuke University Medical Center Patient Rapid Transit1979–2009Otis Hovair
Harbour Island People Mover1985-1999Otis Hovair
Indiana University Health People Mover2003–2019UniTrak
Jetrail1970–1974
Muskingum Electric Railroad1968–2002[lower-alpha 66]
Vought Airtrans1974–2005

See also

Notes
  1. Rebuilt in 1981
  2. Rebuilt in 2016
  3. With train attendants to drive trains in the event of a disruption.
  4. Original system opened in 1990; upgraded to current system in 2006.
  5. The largest fully automated rapid transit network in the world with 202.4 km (125.8 mi) of automated rail lines.[10] Trains may have an attendant on board. Only North South line and East West line has driving cabins.
  6. North South and East West lines were converted from a lower GoA to a higher GoA
  7. Previously used VAL
  8. System started with an attendant on board each train full-time. Gradually over time, the presence of attendants decreased. By September 2017, trains have attendants only while in long tunnel sections.
  9. On the Asian side of Istanbul
  10. Red Line at 52.1 km (32.4 mi). The longest driverless network in the Middle East.
  11. Converted from manual to automated operation
  12. Rubber-tyred trains controlled by a system known as MAGGALY (Métro Automatique à Grand Gabarit de l’Agglomération Lyonnaise).
  13. First fully automatic metro in Italy. First section opened for the 2006 Winter Olympics, completed in 2014.
  14. First completely driverless railway in Australia and first full scale fully automated freight railway in the world.
  15. First completely driverless metro line in Australia.
  16. With train captains monitoring in cab
  17. With train captains monitoring in cab
  18. With train captains monitoring in cab. To be upgraded to GoA4 in 2019-2020
  19. World's first driverless high-speed railway.
  20. A supervisor is monitoring the train in the cab
  21. To be converted to GoA4
  22. Between Vaughan Metropolitan Centre and Queen stations
  23. Uses the same train automation system as the Vancouver SkyTrain and the Detroit People Mover; already runs as an ATC/ATO system with an attendant on board.
  24. Entire system is fully automated, but can be over-ridden. Substations providing the power are remotely controlled from an operational control centre.
  25. Switch to automatic control while operating in the Market Street Subway and in the Twin Peaks Tunnel. The operator manages the doors in-station and pilots the vehicle when running aboveground.
  26. Has an automated mode, where the driver is responsible for opening and closing of doors and of overriding the system. However, the system has been operating in manual mode since the June 2009 Washington Metro train collision, and plans are to operate in manual mode until newer railcars are delivered.[24]
  27. Same system as Paris RER line A
  28. Uses signalling systems supplied by Alstom.
  29. Uses LZB 700 signalling systems supplied by Siemens.
  30. Line partially opened
  31. A continuation of the Kobe Municipal Subway Seishin-Yamate Line.
  32. ATO trialled from October 1967 until February 1968; trains now operated in manual mode.
  33. ATO previously trialled from October 1973 until July 1974.
  34. A continuation of the Tokyo Metro Namboku Line.
  35. Previously used ATO from 1976 until 1990.
  36. World's first railway system to use fuzzy logic to control the speed of trains.
  37. Main line converted to ATO in 2010, but Hōnanchō branch continues to use ATC/TASC
  38. ATO trialled during the 1960s. Trains now operated in manual mode.
  39. Older trains still drive in manual mode
  40. Driver on standby and will drive the train when ATO malfunctions or is not available.
  41. Utilizes the SelTrac system with driver on board in case of emergencies.
  42. Uses a modified version of Toronto subway's H6 subway model made by Bombardier Transportation and configured for driverless operation.
  43. Uses the same system as Munich with fully driverless turning at some terminuses.
  44. Line B is partly automated.
  45. Including Länsimetro/Västmetron extension, has had various attempts at automation since the 1970s.
  46. To be converted to GoA4
  47. Driver operates the doors and handles emergency situations, accelerating and braking is fully automated, but just between the 22 underground stations. Outside the underground stations the driver operates the train manual.
  48. Driver operates the doors and handles emergency situations, accelerating and braking is fully automated; a fully driverless turning at terminus stations is planned.
  49. Between Empalme and Torrent stations
  50. Between Les Carolines-Fira and Torrent stations
  51. A member of staff opens & closes the train doors monitors the train and fixes faults on board. Drivers drive the trains on Sundays and Bank holidays. All shunt moves are made by the drivers and whenever the train stops for fail safe reasons such as excess wheel spin or sliding the driver takes over; at other times trains are computer driven.
  52. A member of staff opens & closes the train doors, drives the train on Sundays, fixes faults.[32]
  53. A driver operates the doors and presses buttons to start the train, the train is driven manually on Sundays, and can be driven in manual outside of peak hours.
  54. Between St Pancras and Blackfriars stations
  55. System is currently operating on Line 2, with upgrading of the other 2 lines to be fully completed by 2021.
  56. GoA4
  57. Expected to have ATC/ATO implemented on the Yonge–University–Spadina Line by 2019 and the Bloor–Danforth Line, funding permitting, by 2030.[36][37]
  58. Between Mount Dennis and Laird stations
  59. UTO Fully driverless system.
  60. UTO system jointly developed by Thales Group and Shanghai Electric.[46]
  61. Conversion from manual to driverless operation
  62. Demonstration line originally built for the 1967 World's Fair.
  63. Maglev train in West-Berlin in operation from 1989 to 1991. It closed when a metro line, on which the M-Bahn's route partly lay, was scheduled to reopen. The metro line was closed in 1961 when the Berlin Wall erected, because it crossed the border.
  64. Driverless shuttle connecting two buildings of Narita Airport Terminal 2.
  65. Tiny, driverless, mail-only subway connecting main post offices and railway terminals in London.
  66. Private electrified automated coal carrying railroad. Dismantled in 2004.

References
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  3. "Bombardier Wins Third Mass Transit Complete Signalling System in Brazil". GlobeNewswire. 2011-09-21. Retrieved 2019-07-06.
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  5. "Evergreen Extension opening today". 2 December 2016.
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