Minsk Metro

The Minsk Metro (Belarusian: Мінскі метрапалітэн, Russian: Минский метрополитен) is a rapid transit system that serves Minsk, the capital of Belarus. Opened in 1984,[2] it presently consists of 2 lines[1] and 29 stations,[1] totaling 37.27 kilometres (23.16 mi).[1] In 2013, the system carried 328.3 million passengers,[3] which averages to a daily ridership of approximately 899,450.

Minsk Metro
Overview
Native name
  • Мінскі метрапалітэн
  • Minski mietrapaliten
  • Минский метрополитен
  • Minskiy metropoliten
OwnerState ownership
LocaleMinsk, Belarus
Transit typeRapid transit
Number of lines2[1]
Number of stations29[1]
Daily ridership872,700 (2014)[1]
Annual ridership318.5 million (2014)[1]
Websitemetropoliten.by
Operation
Began operation30 June 1984 (1984-06-30)[2]
Operator(s)Минский Метрополитен [Minsk Metro]
Number of vehicles361[1]
Technical
System length37.3 km (23.2 mi)[1]
Track gauge1,524 mm (5 ft)
Average speed41 km/h (25 mph)[1]
Construction of Minsk metro

History

During the 1950s–1970s the population of the city soared over a million and designs for a rapid transit system were initially put up during the late 1960s. Construction began on 3 May 1977, and the system was opened to the public on 30 June 1984, becoming the ninth metro system in the Soviet Union.[2] The original eight station section has since expanded into a two-line 29 station network with 37.27 kilometres (23.16 mi) of route.[1]

Despite the dissolution of the Soviet Union the construction of Minsk metro continued uninterrupted throughout the 1990s (as opposed to other ex-Soviet Metros like those of Yerevan and Samara, which were halted due to a complete lack of funding). Some experts attribute it to the slow reform of the Soviet planned economy in Belarus, which turned out to be beneficial for the metro expansion. Currently, station launch dates are ahead of original schedule. For example, the final phase of the Aŭtazavodskaja Line, originally planned for 2006, was opened in late 2005, and similarly the northern extension of the Maskoŭskaja Line, originally scheduled for 2008, opened on 7 November 2007.[4] There were also 3 new stations opened on the southern end of the Maskoŭskaja line in November 2012.

Timeline
Segment Line Date opened
Instytut Kultury–Maskoŭskaja Maskowskaya 30 June 1984
Maskoŭskaja–Uschod Maskowskaya 30 December 1986
Traktarny zavod–Frunzyenskaya Awtazavodskaya 31 December 1990
Pyershamayskaya Awtazavodskaya 1991
Frunzyenskaya–Pushkinskaya Awtazavodskaya 3 July 1995
Traktarny zavod–Awtazavodskaya Awtazavodskaya 7 November 1997
Awtazavodskaya–Mahilyowskaya Awtazavodskaya 5 September 2001
Pushkinskaya–Kamyennaya Horka Awtazavodskaya 7 November 2005
Uschod–Uručča Maskowskaya 7 November 2007
Instytut Kultury–Pyatrowshchyna Maskowskaya 7 November 2012
Pyatrowshchyna–Malinawka Maskowskaya 3 June 2014

Operational characteristics

The city is located on an almost level surface and on very dry soils. As a result, although all of the Minsk Metro stations are under the surface, there are no deep-level stations that are found in most of the ex-Soviet cities.[5] Out of the current 29 stations[5] 19 are pillar-spans and 10 are of vaulted type. Like most of the Soviet metro systems, all of the stations are vividly decorated. Some (notably, Niamiha) exhibit Belarusian national motifs, others focus on more Soviet socialist themes. Although recent years saw more priority on high-tech decorations.

Expansion plans
Platform of a Minsk Metro station
Proposed expansion plan, including a third line
Main article: List of Minsk Metro stations

At present, there are several projects, only one of which is under construction, the southwestern extension of the Maskowskaya line to the new residential districts in the south-west of the city. This project is fully complete, with 3 out of 4 stations opened November 2012, with Malinawka the final station, opened June 2014. The Maskowskaya and Awtazavodskaya lines can potentially receive an extension on both ends of each line.

However, the major project after 2013 will be a third line running from the south to the north-east of the city via the centre, creating two new transfer points with the existing lines. The construction of the third line was expected to start in 2011, delayed to late 2013, and the first stage of the line is expected to open in 2020[6]. This would follow a northern contour parallel to Maskowskaya, and relieve the extensive congestion in the city area, and then extend south of the city.

A fourth line is not expected to be built before 2020. It is expected to connect south-eastern parts of the city with the north-western residential areas.

Incidents

1999 stampede
Main article: Nyamiha stampede

On 30 May 1999, a sudden thunderstorm caused a large crowd, from a nearby rock concert, to seek shelter at the Nyamiha station. The limited size of the subways leading into the ticket hall and the wet pavement caused a human crush. Fifty-three people died.

2011 bombing
Main article: 2011 Minsk Metro bombing

The Kastrychnitskaya station was the site of a terrorist bombing on 11 April 2011. Fifteen people were killed.

Lines and stations
# Name (Belarusian Latin/Cyrillic) Opened Length Stations
1 Maskowskaya (Маскоўская) 1984[2] 19.1 km 15[1]
2 Awtazavodskaya (Аўтазаводская) 1990[2] 18.1 km 14[1]
Total 37.3 km[1] 29[1]

Map

Maskoŭskaja line
  • Plošča Jakuba Kolasa
  • Akademija navuk
  • Park Čaliuskincaŭ
  • Maskoŭskaja
  • Uschod
  • Barysaŭski trakt
  • Uručča

Aŭtazavodskaja line
  • Kamiennaja Horka
  • Kuncaŭščyna
  • Spartyŭnaja
  • Puškinskaja
  • Maladziožnaja
  • Frunzienskaja

See also

References
  1. Метро сегодня [Metro today] (in Russian). Государственное предприятие "Минский Метрополитен" [State Enterprise "Minsk Metro"]. 2014. Retrieved 27 June 2015.
  2. История развития метрополитена [History of the metro]. Государственное предприятие "Минский Метрополитен" [State Enterprise "Minsk Metro"]. 2014. Retrieved 27 June 2015.
  3. ОСНОВНЫЕ ТЕХНИКО-ЭКСПЛУАТАЦИОННЫЕ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ МЕТРОПОЛИТЕНОВ ЗА 2013 ГОД. [Main technical and operational specifications for Subways for Year 2013.] (pdf). asmetro.ru (in Russian). Международная Ассоциация "Метро" [International Association of Metros]. 2013. p. 3. Retrieved 13 May 2014.
  4. "City News in Brief". Railway Gazette International. 11 December 2007.
  5. "Minsk metro | Belarus.by". www.belarus.by.
  6. 4 stations of 3rd line of Minsk metro to be opened for passengers in 2020

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