Farrukhabad district

Farrukhabad district
District of Uttar Pradesh
Country India
State Uttar Pradesh
Administrative division Kanpur
Headquarters Fatehgarh
Tehsils 3
Government
 • Lok Sabha constituencies Farrukhabad
 • Assembly seats 5
Area
 • Total 2,279 km2 (880 sq mi)
Population (2011)
 • Total 1,885,204[1]
 • Urban 22.08 %
Demographics
 • Literacy 69.04 %
 • Sex ratio 874
Major highways 3
Website Official website

Farrukhabad district is a district of Uttar Pradesh state in Northern India. The town of Fatehgarh is the district headquarters. The district is part of Kanpur Division.

Farrukhabad is situated between Lat. 26° 46' N & 27° 43' N and Long. 79° 7' E & 80° 2' E. The district is bounded by Badaun and Shahjahanpur on the north, Hardoi district on the east, Kannauj district on the south, and Etah and Mainpuri districts on the west. The Ganga River and Ramganga River are located to the east and the Kali River to the south.

The district formerly included present day Kannauj district. It was divided into two separate districts on 18 September 1997. Farrukhabad district consists of three tahsils: Farrukhabad, Kaimganj and Amritpur. Amritpur tahsil was created from Rajepur Block after the district was split in 1997. The district has seven blocks: Kaimganj, Nawabganj, Shamsabad, Rajepur, Barhpur, Mohamadabad and Kamalganj.

Geography

Farrukhabad is situated between Lat. 26° 46' N & 27° 43' N and Long. 79° 7' E & 80° 2' E. It forms a part of Kanpur division. It is bounded by Badaun & Shahjahanpur on the north, Hardoi on the east, Kannauj on the south and Etah & Mainpuri on the west. The district is a level plane, varied only by a few gentle undulations and slopes, sometimes abrupt, which lead down to the river valleys. The highest recorded elevation is 167m. above sea level at Mohammadabad and the lowest 145.69 m. at Mau Rasulpur in the Trans Ganga flats of Tehsil Farrukhabad. The only marked variation of level is between the two divisions, the upland or bangar, which is a continuation of the doab and the low lands or Tarais, cut away from the upland by the erosive action of the rivers

Topography

The district lies on a plain, varied only by a few gentle undulations and slopes, sometimes abrupt, which lead down to the river valleys. The highest recorded elevation is 167 m above sea level at Mohammadabad and the lowest 145.69 m at Mau Rasulpur in the Trans Ganges flats of tahsil Farrukhabad. The only marked variation of level is between the two divisions, the upland or bangar, which is a continuation of the doab and the low lands or Tarais, cut away from the upland by the erosive action of the rivers. Farrukhabad district has a 518-hectare forest area. Sagaun, Sakh, Shisham and Neem are among the common varieties of trees found in the region.

Climate

Farrukhabad has a humid subtropical climate with cool, dry winters from mid-November to February and dry, hot summers from late March to June. The rainy season is from July to mid-September, when the city gets an average rainfall of 896.2 millimetres (35.28 in) from the south-west monsoon winds, and occasionally frontal rainfall will occur in January. In winter the maximum temperature is around 25 °C (77 °F) and the minimum is in the 3 °C (37 °F) to 7 °C (45 °F) range. Fog is quite common from mid-December to late January. Occasionally, Farrukhabad experiences colder winter spells similar to places like Nainital and Mussoorie which are situated way high up in the Himalayas. In the extraordinary winter cold spell of 2012–13, the minimum temperature of Farrukhabad hovered around freezing point for over a week. Summers are very hot with temperatures rising into the 40 °C (104 °F) to 45 °C (113 °F) range, the average highs being in the high of 30s (degree Celsius).

The Twin Towns: Farrukhabad and Fatehgarh

The district is called Farrukhabad and its headquarters is located at Fatehgarh. Fatehgarh derives its name from an old fort on the bank of the river Ganges. The fort presently falls in the Fatehgarh cantonment area and serves as the headquarter of the Rajput Regiment stationed at Fatehgarh Cantonment. The two cities are separated by a distance of 5 km and in the present times, with increase in population, have merged into a single urban expanse. The district with a total area of 2,28,830 hectares consists of three tahsils, seven development block, 512 gram panchayats, 1020 villages, 14 police stations, 2 nagar palikas (Municipal Committees) and four nagar panchayats (Town Area committee) and one Cantonment Board.

Farrukhabad is a historical city with a rich culture defined by the traditions of Ganga-Jamuni tahzeeb which amalgamates aspects of Hindu and Muslim cultural practices, rituals, folk and linguistic traditions. The place was founded by Nawab Mohammad Khan Bangash (c. 1665-1743) in 1714 who named it after the reigning Mughal Emperor Farrukhsiyar. Ever since it has been a flourishing centre of commerce and industry. Under the British colonial state, Farrukhabad was a nodal centre of the riverine trade through the Ganges river system from North and North-West India towards the East.[2]

The Bangash Nawabs of Farrukhabad were Pathan mercenaries and service men who came to Hindustan in the late 17th century and settled in Mau-Rashidabad in the Doab region of North India.[3] After two decades of service amongst the warring rajas of Bundelkhand, Muhammad Khan Bangash himself entered the Mughal imperial service in 1712 in support of Farrukhsiyar, one of the princely contenders for the Mughal throne who led the coup which displaced the reigning emperor Jahandar Shah (r. 1712-13). With Farrukhsiyar's victory, Muhammad Khan was raised to the rank of a commander of 4,000, given assignments on revenue in Bundelkhand to support his troops, and styled Nawab. Like other emergent state-builders, Muhammad Khan proceeded rapidly to found his new city, Farrukhabad, as the centre for his household and those of his 22 sons. He also settled in Farrukhabad his chelas (followers), the 'sons of the state' whom he recruited in great numbers from almost every social source—fellow Pathans, local rajas, Rajputs, Brahmins, Bamtela Thakurs. By the end of Muhammad Khan's life, the number of his chelas seems to have crossed 4,000.[4] These favoured young men, whose loyalty seemed more predictable than that of troublesome and ambitious brother Pathans, were entrusted with great responsibilities: in the military, as soldiers, bodyguards and paymasters; in the household and even as revenue collectors and deputy governors of provinces. With this formidable apparatus, Muhammad Khan Bangash entered on his career as a powerful player in the political upheavals in Delhi following Farrukhsiyar's deposition in 1719.[5]

The Bangash period of Farrukhabad's history is synonymous with the growth of Farrukhabad as an important centre of commerce and fiscal exchange. The Bangash Nawabs encouraged merchants and bankers to come and settle in Farrukhabad. For the promotion of commercial activities, the Bangash Nawabs constructed many bazaars and mahallas (quarters), each devoted to a separate group of artisans or merchants.[6] Along the main route and supply lines numerous ganjes and qasbas were erected to attract trade and credit to Farrukhabad. Very important in this respect was the establishment of the Farrukhabad mint[7] which, apart from being an emblem of sovereignty, stimulated bullion imports and attracted numerous bankers. The superior quality of Farrukhabad currency, both gold and silver, was very well known in the eighteenth century as it became the most trustworthy and hardest currency of northern India.[8] An anecdote relates that Ahmad Shah Durrani preferred coins made at the Farrukhabad mint.[9] Soon enough, because of its growing reputation as a centre of commerce and finance, Farrukhabad began to attract new immigrants from Afghanistan. The Bangash Nawab sent large sums of money to Kabul and adjoining areas via Lahore in order to invite his countrymen to come to Farrukhabad.[10] Many khanqahs were built and large sums of cash were distributed in order to entice the ulema, sufis and other intellectuals to settle in Farrukhabad. According to a British intelligence gatherer named Pere Wendel, the reputation of Farrukhabad as a home for holy men during the Bangash period was such that the city became popularly known as "Faquirabad".[11]

The story of Farrukhabad's economic and political decline under the British colonial state has to begin with the closure of the famed Farrukhabad mint in 1824. The British policy of centralization of Indian economy led to its decision to shut down the mint at Farrukhabad and halt the bullion trade in Farrukhabad. This dealt a heavy blow to the thriving grain trade of the region and precipitated a monetary crisis in the urban and rural areas of the region. The abolition of the mint ruined the native mercantile community and created an acute shortage of money particularly among the poor peasant households. By contrast, Kanpur seems to have benefited from the decline of Farrukhabad and emerged as a major commercial centre during this period of depression lasting till the end of the 1840s.[12]

Demographics

Religions in Farrukhabad District
Religion Percent
Hindus
 
 84.67%
Muslims
 
 14.69%

According to the 2011 census Farrukhabad district has a population of 1,887,577,[13] roughly equal to the nation of Lesotho[14] or the US state of West Virginia.[15] This gives it a ranking of 250th in India (out of a total of 707).[13] The district has a population density of 865 inhabitants per square kilometre (2,240/sq mi) .[13] Its population growth rate over the decade 2001–2011 was 20.2%.[13] Farrukhabad has a sex ratio of 880 females for every 1000 males,[13] and a literacy rate of 70.57%.[13]

Transportation

Highways

There are three state highways that connect the district to other parts of Uttar Pradesh.

  1. UP - SH-29 (Lipu Lake-Pilibhit-Shahjahanpur-Fatehgarh-Etawah)
  2. UP - SH-29A (Fatehgarh-Gursahaiganj)
  3. UP - SH-43 (Farrukhabad-Moradabad)

Railways

Farrukhabad district is served by two railway stations - Farrukhabad Junction and Fatehgarh. The stations fall in the Izzatnagar division of [[North Eastern Railway zone|North Eastern Railway] with its headquarters at [Gorakhpur] in Eastern Uttar Pradesh. Both stations fall on the Kanpur-Mathura broad gauge section. A branch line opened in 1906 connects Farrukhabad to Shikohabad on the Howrah–Delhi main line. Many express and passenger trains connect Farrukhabad with places all over the country. Some of the important trains passing through Farrukhabad Jn. are:

1. 14723/14724 Kalindi Express: Kanpur Central - Bhiwani Jn via Mainpuri, Shikohabad, Aligarh, Delhi, Rohtak (Daily Service)

2. 19709/19710 Kavi Guru Express: Kamakhya - Jaipur via Barauni, Gorakhpur, Lucknow, Kanpur Central (Weekly Service)

3. 18191/18192 Utsarg Express: Farrukhabad - Chappra Jn via Kanpur Central, Lucknow, Faizabad, Azamgarh (Daily Service)

4. 19409/19410 Gorakhpur - Ahmedabad Express via Lucknow, Kanpur, Mathura, Jaipur, Ajmer, Abu Road (Biweekly Service)

5. 12319/12320 Agra Cantt. - Kolkata Superfast Express via Mathura, Kanpur, Mughalsarai, Dhanbad (Weekly Service)

6. 19715/19716 Lucknow - Jaipur Express via Kanpur, Mathura, Bandikui (Triweekly Service)

7. 19021/19022 Lucknow - Bandra Terminus Express via Kanpur, Mathura, Kota, Ratlam, Vadodara, Surat (Weekly Service)

8. 22443/22444 Kanpur Central - Bandra Terminus Superfast Express via Mathura, Kota, Ratlam, Vadodara, Surat (Weekly Service)

9. 22531/22532 Mathura - Chapra Express via Kanpur, Lucknow, Gorakhpur (Triweekly Service)

10. 14151/14152 Kanpur - Anand Vihar Express via Mainpuri, Shikohabad, Aligarh (Weekly Service)

11. 19401/19402 Lucknow - Ahmedabad Express via Kanpur, Mathura, Jaipur, Ajmer (Weekly Service)

12. 13167/13168 Agra Cantt. - Kolkata Superfast Express via Mathura, Kanpur, (Weekly Service)

13. 15037/15038 Kanpur Central - Kasganj Express (Daily Service)

14. 55325/55326 Lucknow - Kasganj Passenger (Daily Service)

Air

Farrukhabad has an airstrip at Mohammadabad under the control of the Airports Authority of India which is occasionally used by small aircraft and helicopters.

Places of interest

List of Monuments of National Importance in Farrukhabad

  1. English cemetery at all Souls Memorial Church
  2. Fatehgarh Fort
  3. Closed cemetery at British Infantry lines
  4. Tomb of Surgeon Thomas Hamilton
  5. Queen Victoria Memorial
  6. Sankisa, an ancient Buddhist Vihara; also has remains of an Ashokan Pillar
  7. Tomb of Bangash Nawab Rashid Khan
  8. Tomb of Mohammad Khan Bangash, Nawab of the Bangash sub-regional kingdom at Farrukhabad in the 18th century
  9. Tomb of Lt. Col. John Guthrie in the mud fort
  10. Rani Ghat and Qila Ghat on the banks of Ganges in Fatehgarh Cantonment
  11. Neeb Karori Baba Temple

Fatehgarh Cantonment

The Fatehgarh Cantonment is situated near the river Ganges. It houses three regiments, namely Rajput Regiment, Sikh Light Infantry and Territorial Army. From the British colonial times, Fatehgarh has remained a military station of considerable importance.

To be precise, the military station of Fatehgarh dates from 1777, although the town did not pass into the possession of the British until 1802. In this period Farrukhabad had fallen under the power of the Wazirs of Awadh and Fatehgarh formed an important outpost against the Maratha war bands. The British brigade lent to the Nawab Wazir was stationed in Fatehgarh in 1777. At the cession of 1802, Fatehgarh became the headquarters of a Governor-General's Agent and of the Board of Commissioners for the Ceded Provinces. Yashwantrao Holkar attacked the fort of Fatehgarh in 1804 but in the famous Battle of Farrukhabad, part of the ongoing Second Anglo-Maratha War, Holkar was defeated and put to flight by the timely arrival of Lord Gerard Lake. From this time, nothing eventful occurred in the history of Fatehgarh until the outbreak of the Rebellion of 1857.

During the days of the Sepoy Mutiny, nearly the entire population of Europeans in Fatehgarh, upwards of 200 in number, were killed by the rebels. A few who succeeded in escaping from Fatehgarh and managed to reach Kanpur, only to be seized by Nana Sahib and massacred. Those who remained behind, after sustaining a siege of upwards of a week, were forced to abandon the fort, which had been undermined by the rebels, and to betake themselves to the Ganges. On their way down the river, they were attacked by the rebels and villagers on both sides of the river. One of the boat with the Europeans managed to reach Bithur where it was captured, the travellers were taken to Kanpur, and subsequently massacred. Another boat grounded in the river the day after leaving Fatehgarh, and the passengers were shot down or drowned in their attempt to reach land. Some captured Europeans were brought back to Fatehgarh, and after being kept in confinement for nearly three weeks, were shot or sabred on the parade ground. Their remains were cast into a well, over which was built a memorial cross, with a memorial church near to it.[16]

Our main source of information for the events that unfolded during the stormy days of the Mutiny are the British state accounts and first person reports by Europeans who were posted in different parts of India in that year. We find that the news of the outbreak of Mutiny in Meerut reached Fatehgarh on 14 May 1857; and another week brought tidings of its spread to Aligarh. British imperial gazetteer records that the 10th Native Infantry posted at Fatehgarh showed symptoms of a mutinous spirit on 29 May. It was not until 3 June that a body of insurgents from Awadh crossed the Ganges, and arranged for a rising on the following day. The European officials and residents abandoned Fatehgarh the same evening; but several of them returned to Fatehgarh a few days later, and remained till the 18th, when another outbreak occurred and the rebels placed the Bangash Nawab of Farrukhabad on the throne. The Europeans had called for additional troops from Sitapur to reinforce their control of the fort of Fatehgarh. On 25 June, the rebels attacked the European positions, forcing them to flee.

The Bangash Nawab continued to rule Farrukhabad till 23 October when he was defeated by the British at Kannuaj. The British forces went on to quell the rebellion in other parts of Rohilkhand. On 2 January 1858 the British forces were once again at the doors of Fatehgarh, crossed the Kali Nadi and recaptured the fort of Fatehgarh next day. The Nawab and his small entourage fled to Bareilly. In May 1858, a force of 3,000 insurgents from Bundelkhand crossed into the district and captured Kaimganj. The British forces successfully drove them out into the last rebel refuge, in Awadh, and the British order was never again disturbed in Fatehgarh.[17]

In 1818 a gun carriage factory was established in Fatehgarh.

Shamsabad

Shamsabad is a historical town in Kaimganj tahsil of Farrukhabad district in Uttar Pradesh. It was captured by the army of Shams al-Din Iltutmish of the Delhi Sultanate in 1212 AD. Thereafter, the town was renamed after the reigning Sultan of Delhi and came to called Shamsabad.

Kaimganj

Kaimganj is a town in Farrukhabad district. Kaimganj is the birthplace of Zakir Hussain who was the third President of India from 13 May 1967 until his death on 3 May 1969, and the founder of Jamia Milia Islamia. It is also the birthplace of eminent linguist, Professor Emeritus Masud Husain Khan, the Pakistani Army's General Rahimuddin Khan, who was also Balochistan's longest-serving governor, Gulam Rabbani Khan Taban, a well-known poet and Syed Abdul Salam Shah, an Indian politician belonging to the Indian National Congress (INC), and a well-known freedom fighter. Pandit Puttu Lal Dubey was born at Kindar Nagla Tyor Khas in Kaimganj. He was the "Sirpunch" of Tyor Khas Gram Sabha. He was also a freedom fighter. His family lives in Kindar Nagla Kaimganj.. Also, the tomb of Nawab Rashid Khan is located there.

Kampil

The town Kampil is situated in the district of Farrukhabad, tahsil of Kaimganj, about 45 km north-west of Fatehgarh. Kampil is a typical agricultural village of the Gangetic plains, in the fertile territory of the Doab between the Ganges and Yamuna rivers. The present of Kampil conceals a deep interest in its past.

Alexander Cunningham, the founder of the Archaeological Survey of India, in his capacity as the chief archaeological surveyor of the British colonial state in the 1860s and 70s, visited Kampil for the first time in March 1878 and identified it with Kampilya, the capital of the ancient kingdom of South Panchala. In his record of the visit, Cunningham writes that the most eastward mound at the site was shown to him as corresponding to the site of King Drupad's palace.

Eighty years later Kampil was once again the object of archaeologists' attention. It appeared both in the list of sites with Painted Grey Ware (PGW) and in the one with Northern Black Polished Ware (NBPW) drawn up by B.B. Lal in 1954-55. The first official survey of Kampil dates back to 1961. It was carried out by V.N. Mishra of the Poona Deccan College Post-Graduate and Research Institute. He confirmed the identity of the present village with Kampilya.[18] These observations made on the basis of the data obtained from investigations and official excavations are very sketchy, however, and the description of the archaeological remains visible on the surface are lacking in documentation. From S.B. Singh and Meenu Gupta we learn that the terracotta figurines found at the time may be ascribed to a period between the 2nd century BC and 1st century AD.[19] At Kampil, numerous architectonic stone remains can also be seen such as door-posts, architraves, etc., either engraved and decorated or simply squared, which can be attributed to the 8th-10th century AD. The state museum of Lucknow preserves some of the most significant stone sculptures, damaged to varying degrees, and terracotta figurines found in the site of Kampil.

Data gathered up to now on the history of Kampil, and, in particular, the results of the excavation carried out in 1976, indicate the beginning of a settlement in the place no earlier than the 7th century BC. These findings deny hypothesis put forward by Alexander Cunningham. It should be pointed out that ancient literature dates Kampilya farther back in time and gives it an importance and a royal dignity which clearly contrasts with the results of the excavation of 1976. Limited archaeological research carried out at Kampil up to now cannot be considered definitive, therefore the identity of Kampil = Kampilya has still to be proved.

Besides being a prosperous town, Kampilya was also an important Jaina and Buddhist religious centre. Tradition recognises the town as the birthplace of the thirteenth tirthankara Vimalanatha. The religious importance of Kampilya was no less a measure of its reputation as a centre of trade and commerce. It has been suggested that Kampilya could have been the site of a strategic ford to go across the river Ganges.[20] To further underline the importance of the town, moreover, there is evidence of its connection with the most important inhabited centres of the period. "The Grand Route" stretched from Taxila to Vaishali and farther, and at Panipat split into two branches: the southern route also went through Kampilya. It has also been pointed out that Kampilya lay on a route mentioned in the Satapatha Brahmana.[21]

Sankassa / Sankisa

Sankisa is located about 47 km from Farrukhabad. Every year in the month of Vaisakha (May), on the occasion of Buddha's birth-anniversary, a large fair is held at Sankissa. Tourists from all over the world, particularly from Sri Lanka, Vietnam, Myanmar, Korea and Japan visit Sankisa. Situated close the river Kali, Sankisa appears to be a circular, fortified site with deep historical significance. In Buddhist religious canon, Sankisa is regarded as the site where the Buddha came down a ladder from the 'thirty-third heavens' of Buddhist legends, accompanied by Indra and Brahma. The historical significance of Sankisa is bolstered by the find of an Ashokan capital, still found at the site near the highest sill existing mound locally known as Bisai or Bisari Devi. In his study of the site Alexander Cunningham had also recorded the Buddhist artefacts found in a nearby village called Pakna Bihar, a few kilometres east of Sankisa. He found an inscription from the Kushan period, a few railing fragments with lotus medallions, and some period images of Buddhist and Vedic culture. Many Buddhist sealings of the Gupta and post-Gupta period were also found. On the basis of these material findings, Cunningham concluded that a monastery and stupa must have existed at the site. In an essay on the ancient historical geography of the Ganga plain, its authors make the following observation about Sankisa: "Our assumption is that Sankisa was the most important administrative centre of the Central Doab in the second half of the first millennium B.C. and later. In terms of communication, it was advantageously located. The villagers of Sankisa point to the ferry crossing on the kali Nadi, with the road beyond it leading to Mainpuri and from there to the Agra and Mathura region. It is also easy to move in the other direction towards Kanauj and beyond. Sankisa offers an easy access, through Etawah where Chakranagar is located, to the trans-Chambal region of central India. The importance of Sankisa seems to be related to its strategic location at this intersection of routes.[22]

Another important site is Mohammadabad where there is a massive mound which appears to be a remnant of a Buddhist stupa and monastery. Neither Pakhna Bihar nor Mohammadabad have been excavated but they show that two major Buddhist monastic complexes marked the approach to Sankisa from Kampil side.

Neebkarori

A small village near ancient Shankisa is noted for a sage named Lakshman Das. Baba Lakshman Das was a spiritual saint in the 20th century. He is better known as Baba Neeb Karori.

Ghatiya Ghat recently renamed Panchal Ghat

Built on the side of the Ganges and approximately 4  km from the main city. This is a place full of small temples, dwellings and shops. On every year in the Hindu month Magh there is a fair known as 'Ramnagriya'. It Is a Wonderful Fair. The month of February, lots of people come here followed by lots of saints... and Brahmins.

Pandaveshwar Mahadev Temple

It is located on the Railway Road in Farrukhabad city. It is a popular place of worship among the local residents of the city and witnesses a large gathering on Mahashivratri.

Events

Farrukhabad Yuva Mahotsav

Farrukhabad Yuva Mahotsav is an annual cultural festival started in 2005 to celebrate the great literary and artistic culture of the region. It provides a platform to local youth to learn about the historical culture of this old city, participate in different events, showcase their talents and gain from various social empowerment programs that are organized during the festival. It is held every year in the month of January.

Mela Ramnagariya

Mela Ramnagariya is organized every year during the Hindu month of Magh, which lasts from mid-January to mid-February. It involves bathing at river Ganga. It commences on the day of Makar Sankranti in January, which is the first important bathing day. A large number of people arrive here annually and stay in makeshift houses or tents at Panchal Ghat (Ghatiya Ghat), spending the entire month of Magh in prayers. Every year during this period massive arrangements are made by the District Administration and Social Organizations for the devotees coming to Magh Mela. This include establishment of a temporary tented township, roads, transport services, water supply, electricity and sanitation facilities, medical and policing.

District Administration

Currently, Monica Rani is the District Magistrate. Mrigendra Singh is the Superintendent of Police. Mohd. Husain is the District Judge. Further information about the district administration can be found at the official district website: http://farrukhabad.nic.in

Economy

In 2006 the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Farrukhabad one of the country's 250 most backward districts (out of a total of 640).[23] It is one of the 34 districts in Uttar Pradesh currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).[23] Industrial development in the Farrukhabad district has been lethargic. This is despite the fact that Farrukhabad has been famous for its cloth printing and zardozi embroidery work. Zardosi remains Farrukhabad's primary industry spread across the city and its rural periphery. Approximately 1.75 lakh trained handicraftsmen are engaged in this industry and around 360 zardosi units are registered in the district. Zardosi embroidery from Farrukhabad is exported to many international markets in Europe, North America and Middle Eastern countries. In recent years, the Textile Ministry of India in collaboration with the state government of Uttar Pradesh has proposed the setting up of a 'textile park' in Farrukhabad to promote local textile industry and create job opportunities for the local youth.[24]

Education

Farrukhabad was a major centre of Indo-Islamic learning during the Mughal period. Scholars from all over the Islamic world, from as far away as Iran, Central Asia and Arabia travelled to Farrukhabad to learn Persian, Urdu and Arabic with famous teachers of the city. By the 19th century, Farrukhabad had emerged as an important centre of Hindi literature with notable personalities such as Mahadevi Verma representing the cultural and social ethos of the region.

Today Farrukhabad is an important centre of primary education. Some of the important schools of the district are:

Health Services

Ram Manohar Lohia Government Hospital provides health services to the people of Farrukhabad. Many other private nursing homes and hospitals abound in the district. For army personnel there is the Army Command Hospital in Fatehgarh Cantonment.

Agriculture

The area under cultivation in Farrukhabad is 148,000 hectares (370,000 acres) with cropping intensity of 145% and 86% of net cultivated area being irrigated. Farrukhabad is a leading producer of potatoes in India and a significant producer of wheat, paddy, mustard, sunflower, maize, sugarcane. tobacco, vegetables and fruits. The percentages of net cropped area under various crops during kharif season are rice (11%), maize (27%), millets (4%), pulses (4%), tobacco (5%) and vegetables (10%). The percentages of net cropped area under different crops during rabi season are wheat (48%), potato (20%), vegetables (12%) and other crops (20%).[25] There are about 61 cold storage facilities in Farrukhabad district catering to the potato storage needs of the district. Farrukhabad is located in the fertile Ganges river plains and the river plays an important role in the irrigation system of the district. Most of the regions in district are capable of producing three crops per year with an extremely high acreage yield. The administrative division (tahsil) of Kaimganj, about 25 km from Farrukhabad, is a noted producer of mangoes, guavas and many other fruits. Tobacco cultivation is another important agricultural activity of the region. Kaimganj is a centre of chewing tobacco industry. There is one sugar mill in Kaimganj as well. In recent years, some small scale agro-industries which include rice plants and oil mills have been set up in the district.

Arts and Culture

Food

Potato is the staple of the Farrukhabadi diet and rightly so. Farrukhabad produces more than 50 varieties of potatoes and is the largest supplier of potato in the country. The most popular street food of Farrukhabad is the papadi or papadiya, a delightful and mouthwatering snack enjoyed by the locals of the region. Another popular delicacy is the 'bhunje aloo' or roasted potatoes. A winter street food, it involves roasting newly dug out batches of potatoes in a bed of sand heated in a huge cauldron over wood logs or cow dung cakes. The roasted potatoes are served with coriander and green chilli chutney and locally made spice mix. Besides, aloo tikki chaat and golgappe are consumed gleefully by the local people. Going by the latest trends, the chaat stall next to the Christian College has earned the reputation of being among the most popular stalls for aloo chaat and dahi gujiya in the town.

Music

Farrukhabad gharana is one of the six prominent playing styles or gharanas of North Indian tabla drums in Hindustani classical music. The Farrukhabad gharana is known for its rich use of the entire vocabulary of the instrument and high tonal quality. These have become the definitive attributes of the Farrukhabadi style, also called the 'khula baaj' or open/resonant style. Founded by Ustad Haji Vilayat Ali Khan, this school has produced some of the greatest tabla players of our time, like Ustad Ahmed Jan Thirakwa, Ustad Habibuddin Khansaheb and Ustad Amir Hussain Khansaheb.[26]

Listen to the table maestros of the Farrukhabad gharana blend different styles: https://scroll.in/article/822465/listen-tabla-maestros-of-the-farrukhabad-gharana-seamlessly-blend-styles

Before the rebellion of 1857, the tabla players of the Farrukhabad gharana were affiliated with the royal court of the Nawabs of Awadh at Lucknow. Following the sepoy mutiny in 1857, the locus of arts and culture moved to Rampur from Lucknow which ultimately emerged as the leading center of classical music in North India. Rampur maintained this distinction until 1949 when it became part of unified India, at which time the courts were abolished. The royal court of Rampur under the Nawab Hamid Ali Khan (1899–1930) was known for its patronage to musicians and artists. It was during the reign of Hamid Ali Khan that the tabla players of Farrukhabad became permanently established at Rampur. It appears that Nawab Raza Ali Khan who succeeded Nawab Hamid Ali Khan could not extend patronage to artists and musicians in the same manner as his predecessor. As a result, many of the court musicians and dancer left Rampur. The Farrukhabad tabla players were among these. In 1936, Masit Khan, the head of the gharana, moved to Calcutta with his entire family and this city has since remained the centre of the Farrukhabad tradition.[27]

Notable Personalities

  • Mohammad Khan Bangash (1665–1743) - Mughal military servant and founder of the city of Farrukhabad
  • Dr. Zakir Husain (1897–1969) - President of India and Bharat Ratna
  • Mahadevi Verma (1907–1987) - Hindi poetess and educationist; recipient of the Jnanpith Award in 1982 for her service to Hindi literature. Read here a short essay on the literary journey of Mahadevi Verma - http://www.thehindu.com/todays-paper/tp-features/tp-fridayreview/rebel-with-a-cause/article23450648.ece
  • Ustad Haji Vilayat Ali Khan (1779–1826) - tabla exponent, founder of the Farrukhabad gharana
  • Justice Surendra Vikram Singh Rathore - Former Judge at Allahabad High Court, Lucknow Bench, Lucknow
  • Mriganka Sur - Newton Professor of Neuroscience, Head of Brain and Cognitive Sciences and Director of the Simons Initiative on Autism and the Brain at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA
  • Rajendra Prasad - Former Rector and Professor of Biochemistry, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi
  • Renu Khator - Eighth Chancellor of the University of Houston System, USA

References

  1. ↑ http://www.census2011.co.in/district.php
  2. ↑ Bayly, C. A. (2012). Rulers, Townsmen and Bazaars: North Indian Society in the Age of British Expansion, 1770-1870. New Delhi: Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199081110.
  3. ↑ Irvine, William (1878–79). "The Bangash Nawabs of Farrukhabad - A Chronicle (1713-1857), Part 1 & 2". Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. XLVII; XLVIII: 260–383, 41–174.
  4. ↑ Irvine, William (1878). "The Bangash Nawabs of Farrukhabad - A Chronicle (1713-1857), Part 1". Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. XLVII: 340.
  5. ↑ O'Hanlon, Rosalind (1997). "Issues of Masculinity in North Indian History: The Bangash Nawabs of Farrukhabad". Indian Journal of Gender Studies. 4:1: 1–19.
  6. ↑ Umar, M. (1976). "Indian Towns in the Eighteenth Century - Case Study of Six Towns in Uttar Pradesh". Proceedings of the Indian History Congress: 212–13.
  7. ↑ Thurston, Edgar (1992). History of the Coinage of the Territories of the East India Company in the Indian Peninsula and Catalogue of the Coins in the Madras Museum. New Delhi: Asian Educational Services. p. 43.
  8. ↑ Gommans, Jos J.L. (1995). The Rise of the Indo-Afghan Empire, c. 1710-1780. Leiden: E.J. Brill. pp. 130–31. ISBN 9789004101098.
  9. ↑ Samin, Ghulam Hasan. Ahmad Shah. p. 50.
  10. ↑ Irvine, William (1878). "Bangash Nawabs of Farrukhabad - A Chronicle (1713-1857), Part 1". Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal. XLVII: 323–24.
  11. ↑ Wendel, Pere Francis-Xavier (1979). Les Memoires de Wendel sur les Jats, les Pathans et les Sikh. Paris: Publications de l'Ecole Francaise d'Extreme-Orient. p. 140.
  12. ↑ Bayly, C.A. (2012). Rulers, Townsmen and Bazaars: North Indian Society in the Age of British Expansion, 1770-1870. New Delhi: Oxford University Press. pp. 274–75, 286. ISBN 9780199081110.
  13. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "District Census 2011". Census2011.co.in. 2011. Retrieved 2011-09-30.
  14. ↑ US Directorate of Intelligence. "Country Comparison:Population". Retrieved 2011-10-01. Lesotho 1,924,886
  15. ↑ "2010 Resident Population Data". U. S. Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 2013-10-19. Retrieved 2011-09-30. West Virginia 1,852,994
  16. ↑ Hunter, W.W. (1885). The Imperial Gazetteer of India, Vol. IV: Cochin To Ganguria. London: Trubner & Co. pp. 420–421.
  17. ↑ Hunter, W.W. (1885). The Imperial Gazetteer of India, Vol. IV: Cochin To Ganguria. London: Trubner & Co. p. 411.
  18. ↑ Dallaporta, Annamaria & Lucio Marcato (2010). "Where is Kampilya? Archaeological Research in Farrukhabad District". South Asian Studies. 17:1: 161–169.
  19. ↑ Singh, S.B. (1979). The Archaeology of the Panchala Region. New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers. pp. 36–37.
  20. ↑ Dallaporta, Annamaria & Lucio Marcato (2010). "Where is Kampilya? Archaeological Research in Farrukhabad District". South Asian Studies. 17:1: 163.
  21. ↑ Chakrabarti, Dilip K. (2008). Archaeological Geography of the Ganga Plain: The Upper Ganga (Oudh, Rohilkhand, and the Doab). New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers. p. 191.
  22. ↑ Chakrabarti, Dilip K. (11 August 2010). "Kampil, Sankisa and Chakranagar: Sites in the Farrukhabad-Etah-Budaun-Mainpuri-Etawah Region of Uttar Pradesh". South Asian Studies. 18 (1): 109–119. doi:10.1080/02666030.2002.9628613. Retrieved 18 April 2018.
  23. 1 2 Ministry of Panchayati Raj (8 September 2009). "A Note on the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme" (PDF). National Institute of Rural Development. Archived from the original (PDF) on 5 April 2012. Retrieved 27 September 2011.
  24. ↑ "Brief Industrial Profile of Farrukhabad District" (PDF). dcmsme.gov.in. Retrieved 2017-03-28.
  25. ↑ "Comprehensive - District Agricultural Plan (C-DAP) Farrukhabad" (PDF). agriculture.up.nic.in. 2008-08-20. Retrieved 2017-03-27.
  26. ↑ Kippen, James (1988). The Tabla of Lucknow: A Cultural Analysis of a Musical tradition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9788173045745.
  27. ↑ Gottlieb, Robert S. (1998). Solo Tabla Drumming of North India: Its Repertoire, Styles, and Performance Practices, Vol. 1: Text and Commentary. Delhi: Motilal Banarasidass Publishers. pp. 12–13.

Coordinates: 27°30′N 79°30′E / 27.500°N 79.500°E / 27.500; 79.500

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