Demographics of Indonesia

Indonesian students during school excursion to a museum; Indonesia currently possesses a relatively young population.

The population of Indonesia according to the 2010 national census was 237.64 million,[1] and it was estimated to reach 255.4 million in 2015.[2] 58% live on the island of Java,[1] the world's most populous island.[3]

Despite a fairly effective family planning program that has been in place since 1967,[4] for the decade ending in 2010, Indonesia's population growth was 1.49 percent. At that rate, Indonesia's population is projected to surpass the present population of the United States.[5] Some say family planning should be revitalised based on the 1967 program to avoid Indonesia becoming the world's third most populous country, but this aim has faced a hurdle of religiously-based opinion that to follow family planning is equivalent to not being grateful to God.[6]

Indonesia has a relatively young population compared to Western nations, though it is aging as the country's birth rate has slowed and its life expectancy has increased. Indonesia's median age was 30.2 years in 2017[7]. Indonesia includes numerous ethnic, cultural and linguistic groups, some of which are related to each other. Since independence, Indonesian (a form of Malay and the official national language) is the language of most written communication, education, government, and business. Many local ethnic languages are the first language of most Indonesians and are still important.

Population

Historical population of Indonesia
YearPop.±% p.a.
1955 77,473,268—    
1961 97,085,348+3.83%
1971 119,208,229+2.07%
1976 141,862,419+3.54%
1980 147,490,298+0.98%
1990 179,378,946+1.98%
2000 206,264,595+1.41%
2010 237,641,326+1.43%
Source: Statistics Indonesia,[8] Wertheim (1959) [9], Geografi dan Kependudukan (1976) [10]

Population by province

Province Population
(2010 Census)		 Proportion
in cities (%)		 Proportion
TFR
Aceh4,486,57023.62.79
North Sumatra12,985,07542.43.01
West Sumatra4,845,99829.02.91
Riau5,543,03143.72.82
Jambi3,088,61828.32.51
South Sumatra7,446,40134.42.56
Bengkulu1,713,39329.42.51
Lampung7,596,11521.02.45
Bangka Belitung1,223,04843.02.54
Riau Islands1,685,69867.42.38
Banten10,644,03052.22.35
Jakarta9,588,198100.01.82
West Java43,021,82650.32.43
Central Java32,380,68740.42.20
Yogyakarta3,452,39057.71.94
East Java37,476,01140.92.00
Bali3,891,42849.82.13
West Nusa Tenggara4,496,85534.82.59
East Nusa Tenggara4,679,31615.93.82
West Kalimantan4,393,23925.12.64
Central Kalimantan2,202,59927.52.56
South Kalimantan3,626,11936.32.35
East Kalimantan3,550,58657.62.61
North Sulawesi2,265,93737.02.43
Gorontalo1,038,58525.52.76
Central Sulawesi2,633,42019.72.94
South Sulawesi8,032,55129.42.55
Southeast Sulawesi2,230,56920.83.20
West Sulawesi1,158,336--3.33
Maluku1,531,40225.93.56
North Maluku1,035,47829.53.35
Papua2,851,99922.22.87
West Papua760,855--3.18
Indonesia237,641,3262.41
Source: Population Census 2010[1]

Largest cities

 
Largest cities or towns in Indonesia
Statistics Indonesia (2014)[11]
Rank Name Province Pop. Rank Name Province Pop.

Jakarta

Surabaya		 1JakartaJakarta10,075,31011MakassarSouth Sulawesi1,429,242
Bekasi

Bandung
2SurabayaEast Java2,853,66112BogorWest Java1,030,720
3BekasiWest Java2,663,01113BatamRiau Islands1,030,528
4BandungWest Java2,470,80214PekanbaruRiau1,005,014
5MedanNorth Sumatra2,191,14015Bandar LampungLampung960,695
6DepokWest Java2,033,50816PadangWest Sumatra880,646
7TangerangBanten1,999,89417DenpasarBali863,600
8SemarangCentral Java1,584,88118MalangEast Java845,973
9PalembangSouth Sumatra1,558,49419SamarindaEast Kalimantan797,006
10South TangerangBanten1,492,99920BanjarmasinSouth Kalimantan666,223

Age structure

Age structure in Indonesia (2010)[12]

  Minor: 0-14 years (27.3%)
  Workforce: 15-64 years (66.5%)
  Retiree: 65 years and over (6.2%)

Indonesia demographic composition has a relatively young population. According to 2011 estimate, total median age of Indonesia is 28.2 years.[12]

Vital statistics

Indonesia fertility rate by province (2010)
  3,5 - 4
  3 - 3,5
  2,5 – 3
  2 – 2,5
  1,5 – 2

UN estimates[13]

Period Live births per year Deaths per year Natural change per year CBR1 CDR1 NC1 TFR1 IMR1
1950–1955 3,347,000 1,933,000 1,414,000 42.7 21.4 21.3 5.49 191.9
1955–1960 3,897,000 1,888,000 2,009,000 44.8 19.2 25.6 5.67 163.8
1960–1965 4,280,000 1,820,000 2,461,000 43.6 16.8 26.8 5.62 139.3
1965–1970 4,628,000 1,768,000 2,860,000 41.5 14.4 27.1 5.57 117.4
1970–1975 4,842,000 1,691,000 3,151,000 38.2 12.2 26.0 5.30 98.9
1975–1980 4,985,000 1,630,000 3,356,000 34.9 10.5 24.4 4.73 83.2
1980–1985 5,065,000 1,590,000 3,475,000 31.7 9.2 22.5 4.11 69.8
1985–1990 4,853,000 1,555,000 3,298,000 27.5 8.3 19.2 3.40 58.5
1990–1995 4,702,000 1,547,000 3,155,000 24.4 7.6 16.8 2.90 49.1
1995–2000 4,518,000 1,564,000 2,954,000 21.8 7.2 14.6 2.55 41.1
2000–2005 4,638,000 1,620,000 3,018,000 22.0 7.4 13.7 2.52 34.5
2005–2010 4,464,000 1,692,000 2,772,000 21.3 7.2 11.9 2.50 28.8
2010–2015 20.2 7.1 13.1 2.45 28.8
2015–2020 18.4 7.2 11.2 2.32 28.8
2020–2025 17.0 7.5 9.5 2.21 28.8
2025–2030 15.9 7.9 8.0 2.12 28.8
1 CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births
Average population (in millions) Live births Deaths Natural change Crude birth rate (per 1,000) Crude death rate (per 1,000) Natural change (per 1,000) Fertility rates
2003 213,6 13.4 2.3
2004 216,4 13.3 2.3
2005 219,8 13.2 2.2
2006 222,7 13.0 2.2
2007 225,6 12.8 2.18
2008 228,5 12.5 2.17
2009 231,4 12.2 2.16
2010 238,5 6,028,921 1,236,154 4,792,767 25.3 5.2 13.1 2.39
2011 241,0 13.2 2,37
2012 244,2 13.1 2,35

Fertility and Births (Demographic and Health Surveys)

Total Fertility Rate (TFR) (Wanted Fertility Rate) and Crude Birth Rate (CBR):[14]

Year CBR (Total) TFR (Total) CBR (Urban) TFR (Urban) CBR (Rural) TFR (Rural)
1981-1983 4,3
1987 3,4 (3,1) 2,9 (2,6) 3,7 (3,4)
1991 25,1 3,02 (2,50) 24,0 2,60 (2,03) 25,6 3,24 (2,73)
1994 2,9 (2,4) 2,3 (1,8) 3,2 (2,7)
1997 2,8 (2,4) 2,4 (2,0) 3,0 (2,6)
2002-2003 21,9 2,6 (2,2) 22,1 2,4 (2,1) 21,7 2,7 (2,3)
2007 20,9 2,6 (2,2) 20,2 2,3 (2,0) 21,5 2,8 (2,4)
2012 20,4 2,6 (2,0) 20,1 2,4 (1,9) 20,7 2,8 (2,2)

Fertility rate and aging population (by province)

Total fertility rate (TFR) and population over age 60 by region as of 2010:[15]

ProvinceTotal fertility rate (2010)Population over age 60 (2010)
North Sumatera3.015.9
West Sumatera2.918.1
Riau2.824.0
Jambi2.515.5
South Sumatera2.566.2
Bengkulu2.515.8
Lampung2.457.2
Bangka Belitung2.545.8
Kepulauan Riau2.383.4
Jakarta1.825.1
West Java2.437.0
Central Java2.2010.3
Yogyakarta1.9412.9
East Java2.0010.4
Banten2.354.6
Bali2.139.7
East Nusa Tenggara3.827.4
West Kalimantan2.645.8
Central Kalimantan2.564.6
South Kalimantan2.355.8
East Kalimantan2.614.0
North Sulawesi2.438.4
Central Sulawesi2.946.6
South Sulawesi2.558.2
Southeast Sulawesi3.205.8
Gorontalo2.765.9
West Sulawesi3.336.2
Maluku3.566.2
North Maluku3.354.8
West Papua3.183.2
Papua2.872.4

Life expectancy

Period Life expectancy in
Years		 Period Life expectancy in
Years
1950–1955 43.5 1985–1990 62.4
1955–1960 47.0 1990–1995 64.2
1960–1965 50.2 1995–2000 65.8
1965–1970 53.1 2000–2005 66.7
1970–1975 55.9 2005–2010 68.6
1975–1980 58.5 2010–2015 69.4
1980–1985 60.7

Source: UN World Population Prospects[16]

Ethnic groups

More
Ethnic groups Percentage
Javanese
 
 42.65%
Sundanese
 
 15.41%
Malay
 
 3.45%
Madurese
 
 3.37%
Batak
 
 3.02%
Minangkabau
 
 2.72%
Betawi
 
 2.51%
Bugis
 
 2.49%
Bantenese
 
 2.05%
Banjarese
 
 1.74%
Acehnese
 
 1.66%
Balinese
 
 1.51%
Tionghoa
 
 1.20%
Makassarese
 
 0.99%

There are over 300 ethnic groups in Indonesia. 95% of those are of Native Indonesian ancestry. Javanese is the largest group with 100 million people (42%), followed by Sundanese who number nearly 40 million (15%).

Religions

Indonesia is the world's most populous Muslim-majority nation; almost 87.18% of Indonesians declared themselves Muslim in the 2010 census.[17] 9.87% of the population adhered to Christianity (of which more than 70% were Protestant), 1.69% were Hindu, 0.72% Buddhist, and 0.56 of other faiths. Most Indonesian Hindus are Balinese[18] and most Buddhists in modern-day Indonesia are Tionghoa.[19]

Languages

Indonesian is the official language but there are many different languages native to Indonesia. According to Ethnologue, there are currently 737 living languages spoken in Indonesia,[20] the most widely spoken being Javanese.

A number of Chinese varieties, most prominently Min Nan, are also spoken. The public use of Chinese, especially Chinese characters, was officially discouraged between 1966 and 1998.

Dutch is spoken by older generations.

Literacy

definition: age 15 and over can read and write
total population: 92.81%
male: 95.5%
female: 90.4% (2011 est.)

Education is not free; however, it is compulsory for children through to grade 9. Although about 92% of eligible children are enrolled in primary school, a much smaller percentage attends full-time. About 44% of secondary school-age children attend junior high school, and some others of this age group attend vocational schools.

CIA World Factbook demographic statistics

Population pyramid 2016

The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook,[21] unless otherwise indicated.

Age structure

0-14 years: 25.02% (male 33,205,805/female 31,994,844)
15-24 years: 16.99% (male 22,537,842/female 21,738,210)
25-54 years: 42.4% (male 56,493,414/female 53,980,979)
55-64 years: 8.58% (male 10,192,430/female 12,177,931)
65 years and over: 7.01% (male 7,954,795/female 10,304,489) (2017 est.)

Median age

total: 30.2 years
male: 29.6 years
female: 30.8 years (2017 est.)

Birth rate

16.2 births/1,000 population (2017 est.)

Death rate

6.5 deaths/1,000 population (2017 est.)

Population growth rate

1.097% (2010 est.)
1.04% (2012 est.)
0.86% (2017 est.)

Urbanization

urban population: 55.3% of total population (2018)
rate of urbanisation: 2.27% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)

Sex ratio

at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15-24 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
25-54 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
55-64 years: 0.84 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.77 male(s)/female
total population: 1 male(s)/female (2017 est.)

Infant mortality rate

total: 22.7 deaths/1,000 live births
male: 26.6 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 18.6 deaths/1,000 live births (2017 est.)

Life expectancy at birth

total population: 73 years
male: 70.4 years
female: 75.7 years (2017 est.)

HIV/AIDS

Adult prevalence rate: 0.4% (2017 est.)
People living with HIV/AIDS: 630,000 (2017 est.)
HIV/AIDS deaths: 39,000 (2017 est.)

Obesity - adult prevalence rate

6.9% (2016)

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

19.9% (2013)

Nationality

noun: Indonesian(s)
adjective: Indonesian
Ethnic groups: Javanese 40.1%, Sundanese 15.5%, Malay 3.7%, Batak 3.6%, Madurese 3%, Betawi 2.9%, Minangkabau 2.7%, Buginese 2.7%, Bantenese 2%, Banjarese 1.7%, Balinese 1.7%, Acehnese 1.4%, Dayak 1.4%, Sasak 1.3%, Chinese 1.2%, other 15% (2010 est.)

Religions

Muslim 87.2%, Protestant 7%, Roman Catholic 2.9%, Hindu 1.7%, other 0.9% (includes Buddhist and Confucian), unspecified 0.4% (2010 est.)

Languages

Indonesian (official, a form of Malay influenced by other languages of Indonesia), local languages (the most widely spoken of which is Javanese).

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

total: 11 years
male: 12 years
female: 11 years (2005)

Education expenditures

2.8% of GDP (2014)

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 "Population of Indonesia by Province 1971, 1980, 1990, 1995, 2000 and 2010". Central Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 18 May 2015.
  2. ↑ "Population Projection by Province, 2010-2035". Central Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 18 May 2015.
  3. ↑ Calder, Joshua (3 May 2006). "Most Populous Islands". World Island Information. Retrieved 26 September 2006.
  4. ↑ Witton, Patrick (2003). Indonesia. Melbourne: Lonely Planet. p. 47. ISBN 1-74059-154-2.
  5. ↑ Shamim Adam; Berni Moestafa; Novrida Manurung (28 January 2014). "Indonesia Population Approaching U.S. Revives Birth Control". Bloomberg.com. Retrieved 18 May 2015.
  6. ↑ "Indonesia Facing Populace Larger Than US Revives Birth Control". 28 January 2014.
  7. ↑ https://www.indexmundi.com/indonesia/demographics_profile.html
  8. ↑ "Population of Indonesia by Province 1971, 1980, 1990, 1995, 2000 and 2010". Central Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 20 July 2015.
  9. ↑ Wertheim, W. F. (1959). Indonesian Society in Transition (Second (revised) ed.). 's-Gravenhage: Uitgeverij W. van Hoeve. p. 370.
  10. ↑ Geografi dan Kependudukan untuk SMP kelas 2 [Geography and Demographics for High School Grade 2] (in Indonesian). FA. Hasmar. 1976.
  11. ↑ "Badan Pusat Statistik (multiple subsites)" (in Indonesian). Badan Pusat Statistik. Retrieved 15 August 2017.
  12. 1 2 "Population of Indonesia". Indonesia Investment.
  13. ↑ World Population Prospects: The 2017 Revision
  14. ↑ http://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/catalog/dhs#_r=&collection=&country=&dtype=&from=1890&page=8&ps=&sk=&sort_by=nation&sort_order=&to=2014&topic=&view=s&vk=
  15. ↑ http://www.ifa-fiv.org/wp-content/2014/09/Indonesian_Ageing_Monograph-print-version1.pdf
  16. ↑ "World Population Prospects – Population Division – United Nations". Retrieved 2017-07-15.
  17. ↑ Penduduk Menurut Wilayah dan Agama yang Dianut
  18. ↑ Oey, Eric (1997). "Bali" (3rd ed.). Singapore: Periplus Editions. ISBN 962-593-028-0.
  19. ↑ "Indonesia - Buddhism". U.S. Library of Congress. Retrieved 15 October 2006.
  20. ↑ ethnologue.com
  21. ↑ Central Intelligence Agency (2012). "Indonesia". The World Factbook. Retrieved 6 April 2012.
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