Demographics of Jordan

Demographics of Jordan
Population of Jordan (1952 - 2008)
Population 9,531,712 (92th)
Growth rate 2.05% (2017 est.)
Birth rate 23.9 births/1,000 population (2017 est.)
Death rate 3.4 deaths/1,000 population
Life expectancy 74.8 years (2017 est.)
 • male 73.4 years
 • female 76.3 years
Fertility rate 3.19 children born/woman (2017 est.)
Age structure
0–14 years 34.68%
15–64 years 61.87%
65 and over 3.45%
Sex ratio
Total 1.02 male(s)/female (2016 est.)
At birth 1.06 male(s)/female
Under 15 1.05 male(s)/female
15–64 years 1.00 male(s)/female
65 and over 0.89 male(s)/female
Nationality
Nationality Jordanians
Major ethnic Arab
Minor ethnic Armenians, Circassians
Language
Official Arabic
Spoken English

Jordanians (Arabic: أردنيون), also known as the Jordanian people (Arabic: الشعب الأردني ALA-LC: al-sha‘ab al-ūrdunī) are the citizens of Jordan, who share a common Levantine Semitic ancestry. Some 98% percent of Jordanians are Arabs, while the remaining 2% are other ethnic minorities.[1]

Jordan has a population of approximately 9,531,712 inhabitants (Female: 47%; Males: 53%) as of 2015. Around 2.9 million were non-citizens, a figure including refugees, legal and illegal immigrants.[2] Jordan's annual population growth rate stood at 2.05% in 2017, with an average of three children per woman. There were 1,977,534 households in Jordan in 2015, with an average of 4.8 persons per household.[2]

The official language is Arabic, while English is the second most widely spoken language by Jordanians. It is also widely used in commerce and government. In 2016, about 84% of Jordan's population live in urban towns and cities.[1] Many Jordanians and people of Jordanian descent live across the world, mainly in the United States, United Arab Emirates, Canada, France, Sweden and Spain.

In 2016, Jordan was named as the largest refugee hosting country per capita in the world, followed by Turkey, Pakistan and Lebanon.[3] The kingdom of Jordan hosts refugees mainly from Palestine, Syria, Iraq and many other countries. There are also hundreds of thousands of workers from Egypt, Indonesia and South Asia, who work as domestic and construction workers.

Definition

The territory of Jordan can be defined by the history of its creation after the end of World War I, the League of Nations and redrawing of the borders of the Eastern Mediterranean littoral. The ensuing decisions, most notably the Sykes–Picot Agreement, which created the Mandatory Palestine. In September 1922, Transjordan was formally identified as a subdivision of the Mandate Palestine after the League of Nations approved the British Transjordan memorandum which stated that the Mandate east of the Jordan River would be excluded from all the provisions dealing with Jewish settlement west of the Jordan River.[4]

Ethnic and religious groups

Ethnic groups in Jordan[5]
Ethnic groups
Arabs
 
 98%
Circassian
 
 1%
Armenian
 
 1%

Arab

Arab Jordanians are descended from prominent families in the historical cities and towns in Transjordan. Most notably in the governorates of Jerash, Ajlun, Balqa, Irbid, Madaba, Al Karak, Aqaba, Amman and some other towns in the country. Most of the native Christian population in the country belongs to this ethnicity or to the Bedouin ethnicity.

Druze

The Druze people are believed to constitute about 0.5% of the total population of Jordan, which is around 32,000.[6] The Druze, who refer to themselves as al-Muwahhideen, or "believers in one God," are concentrated in the rural, mountainous areas west and north of Amman.

Bedouin

The other group of Jordanians is descended from Bedouins (of which, less than 1% live a nomadic lifestyle). Bedouin settlements are concentrated in the wasteland south and east of the country.

Armenians

There were an estimated 5,000 Armenians living within the country in 2009.[7] An estimated 4,500 of these are members of the Armenian Apostolic Church,[7] and predominantly speak the Western dialect[8] of the Armenian language. This population makes up the majority of non-Arab Christians in the country.[9]

Assyrians

There is an Assyrian refugee population in Jordan. Many Assyrians have arrived in Jordan as refugees since the invasion of Iraq, making up a large part of the Iraqi refugees.

Circassians

By the end of the 19th century, the Ottoman Authorities directed the Circassian immigrants to settle in Jordan. The Circassians are Sunni Muslims and are estimated to number 20,000 to 80,000 persons.

Chechens

There are about 10,000 Chechens estimated to reside in Jordan.

Refugees

Jordan is a home to more than 2 million Palestinians refugees by 2015 who came after the 1948 & 1967 wars, and most of them, but not all, were granted Jordanian citizenship.[10] Jordan also hosts around 1.4 million Syrian refugees who fled to the country due to the Syrian Civil War since 2011. About 31,163 Yemenis and 22,700 Libyan refugees live in Jordan as of January 2015.[2] There are thousands of Lebanese refugees who came to Jordan when civil strife and war and the 2006 war broke out in their native country. Up to 1 million Iraqis came to Jordan following the Iraq War in 2003.[11] In 2015, their number was 130,911. About 2,500 Iraqi Mandaean refugees have been resettled in Jordan.

Religion

Religions of Jordan (2010 ) [5]
Religions percent
Islam
 
 95%
Christian (Greek Orthodox, Greek and Roman Catholics, Syriac, Coptic and Armenian Orthodox and Protestant)
 
 4%
Buddhist
 
 0.4%
Hindu
 
 0.1%
Folk religionist
 
 0.1%
Unaffiliated
 
 0.2%
Other
 
 0.2%

Health and Education

Jordan prides itself on its health services, some of the best in the region.[12] Qualified medics, favourable investment climate and Jordan's stability have contributed to the success of this sector.[13]

Jordan has a very advanced education system. The school education system comprises 2 years of pre-school education, 10 years of compulsory basic education, and two years of secondary academic or vocational education, after which the students sit for the General Certificate of Secondary Education Exam (Tawjihi).[14] Scholars may attend either private or public schools.

Access to higher education is open to holders of the General Secondary Education Certificate, who can then choose between private Community Colleges, public Community Colleges or universities (public and private). The credit-hour system, which entitles students to select courses according to a study plan, is implemented at universities. The number of public universities has reached (10), besides (17) universities that are private, and (51) community colleges. Numbers of universities accompanied by significant increase in number of students enrolled to study in these universities, where the number of enrolled students in both public and private universities is estimated at nearly (236) thousand; (28) thousand out of the total are from Arab or foreign nationalities.[15]

Period Life expectancy in
Years		 Period Life expectancy in
Years
1950–1955 46.5 1985–1990 69.2
1955–1960 50.7 1990–1995 70.4
1960–1965 54.6 1995–2000 71.3
1965–1970 58.4 2000–2005 72.2
1970–1975 61.9 2005–2010 73.0
1975–1980 64.9 2010–2015 73.8
1980–1985 67.2

Source: UN World Population Prospects[16]

Statistics

Historical population
YearPop.±%
1952586,200—    
1961900,800+53.7%
19701,508,200+67.4%
19802,233,200+48.1%
19903,468,000+55.3%
20004,857,000+40.1%
20106,698,000+37.9%
201710,053,000+50.1%
Source:[17] [18]

The following demographic statistics are from the CIA World Factbook, unless otherwise indicated.

Total population

10,086,876 (According to the Population Clock as of February 14, 2018).[19]

Gender ratio

  • at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
  • 0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
  • 15-24 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
  • 25-54 years: 1 male(s)/female
  • 55-64 years: 0.95 male(s)/female
  • 65 years and over: 0.89 male(s)/female
  • total population: 1.02 male(s)/female (2016 est.)

Age structure

  • 0-14 years: 34.68% (male 1,827,554/female 1,726,691)
  • 15-24 years: 20.07% (male 1,103,042/female 953,704)
  • 25-54 years: 37.36% (male 2,073,211/female 1,755,290)
  • 55-64 years: 4.44% (male 236,435/female 218,469)
  • 65 years and over: 3.45% (male 174,470/female 179,203) (2017 est.)

Structure of the population [20]

Structure of the population (01.10.2004) (Census)

Age Group Male Female Total %
Total 2 626 287 2 477 352 5 103 639 100
0-4 333 216 317 115 650 331 12,74
5-9 329 133 313 738 642 871 12,60
10-14 313 083 297 046 610 129 11,95
15-19 287 693 272 145 559 838 10,97
20-24 279 600 260 593 540 193 10,58
25-29 239 774 216 487 456 261 8,94
30-34 207 178 191 991 399 169 7,82
35-39 167 737 155 689 323 426 6,34
40-44 123 945 117 455 241 400 4,73
45-49 87 098 83 358 170 456 3,34
50-54 64 607 63 633 128 240 2,51
55-59 55 765 57 956 113 721 2,23
60-64 52 084 46 703 98 787 1,94
65-69 37 095 34 728 71 823 1,41
70-74 23 467 23 353 46 820 0,92
75-79 12 651 11 617 24 268 0,48
80+ 10 137 11 923 22 060 0,43
80-84 6 144 7 441 13 585 0,27
85-89 2 444 2 588 5 032 0,10
90-94 1 012 1 304 2 316 0,05
95-99 537 590 1 127 0,02
unknown 2 024 1 822 3 846 0,08
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0-14 975 432 927 899 1 903 331 37,29
15-64 1 565 481 1 466 010 3 031 491 59,40
65+ 83 350 81 621 164 971 3,23

Structure of the population (31.12.2013) (Estimates) (Excluding foreigners, including registered Palestinian): refugees. :

Age Group Male Female Total %
Total 3 366 000 3 174 000 6 530 000 100
0-4 427 485 405 300 832 785 12,75
5-9 422 095 400 880 822 975 12,60
10-14 401 900 379 680 781 580 11,97
15-19 368 915 347 720 716 635 10,97
20-24 358 485 333 170 691 655 10,59
25-29 307 650 276 855 584 505 8,95
30-34 265 915 245 520 511 435 7,83
35-39 215 425 199 015 414 440 6,35
40-44 158 875 149 975 308 850 4,73
45-49 111 750 106 630 218 380 3,34
50-54 82 805 81 320 164 125 2,51
55-59 71 360 74 040 145 400 2,23
60-64 66 645 59 800 126 445 1,94
65-69 47 485 44 280 91 765 1,41
70-74 30 040 29 785 59 825 0,92
75-79 16 195 14 815 31 010 0,48
80-84 7 865 9 495 17 360 0,27
85-89 3 130 3 300 6 430 0,10
90-94 1 295 1 665 2 960 0,05
95+ 685 755 1 440 0,02
Age group Male Female Total Percent
0-14 1 251 480 1 185 860 2 437 340 37,33
15-64 2 007 825 1 874 045 3 881 870 59,45
65+ 106 695 104 095 210 790 3,23

Median age

  • total: 22.5 years
  • male: 22.9 years
  • female: 22 years (2017 est.)

Population growth rate

2.05% (2017 est.)

Birth rate

23.9 births/1,000 population (2017 est.)

Births and deaths[21][22]

Average population

(x 1000)

 Live births Deaths Natural change Crude birth rate (per 1000) Crude death rate (per 1000) Natural change (per 1000) Total fertility rate (TFR)
2001 4 918 142 956 16 164 126 792 29.1 3.3 25.8
2002 5 038 146 077 17 220 128 857 29.0 3.4 25.6
2003 5 164 148 294 16 937 131 357 28.7 3.3 25.4
2004 5 414 150 248 17 011 133 237 27.8 3.1 24.6
2005 5 678 152 276 17 883 134 393 26.8 3.1 23.7
2006 5 843 162 972 20 397 142 575 27.9 3.5 24.4
2007 6 017 185 011 20 924 164 087 30.7 3.5 27.3 3.6
2008 6 200 181 328 19 403 161 925 29.2 3.1 26.1 3.6
2009 6 392 179 872 20 251 159 621 28.1 3.2 25.0 3.6
2010 6 594 183 948 21 550 162 398 27.9 3.3 24.6 3.8
2011 6 846 178 435 21 730 156 705 26.1 3.2 22.9 3.8
2012 7 210 177 695 22 785 154 910 24.6 3.2 21.5 3.5
2013 7 771 178 143 23 898 154 245 22.9 3.1 19.9 3.5
2014 8 459 188 902 25 782 163 120 22.3 3.0 19.3
2015 9 182 198 018 26 640 171 378 21.6 2.9 18.7
2016 9 798 197 789 27 608 170 181 20.4 2.9 17.6
2017 10 053 211 441 27 516 183 925 21.0 2.7 18.3

Death rate

3.4 deaths/1,000 population (2017 est.)

Net migration rate

0 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2017 est.)

Urbanization

urban population: 84.1% of total population (2017)
rate of urbanization: 1.26% annual rate of change (2015-20 est.)

Maternal mortality rate

58 deaths/100,000 live births (2015 est.)

Life expectancy at birth

  • total population: 80.18 years
  • male: 78.82 years
  • female: 81.61 years (2012 est.)
  • total population: 74.8 years
  • male: 73.4 years
  • female: 76.3 years (2017 est.)

Total fertility rate

3.19 children born/woman (2017 est.)

Fertility Rate (The Demographic Health Survey) [23] Fertility Rate (TFR) (Wanted Fertility Rate) and CBR (Crude Birth Rate):

Year CBR (Total) TFR (Total) CBR (Urban) TFR (Urban) CBR (Rural) TFR (Rural)
1976 7.4
1983 6.6
1990 36.1 5.57 (3.94) 33.9 4.75 (3.36) 39.0 6.85 (4.76)
1997 33.1 4.35 (2.9) 32.5 4.22 (2.9) 35.5 5.00 (3.1)
2002 29.0 3.7 (2.6) 28.4 3.5 (2.5) 31.3 4.2 (2.8)
2007 28.1 3.6 (2.8) 28.1 3.6 (2.8) 28.2 3.7 (2.8)
2009 30.6 3.8 (3.0) 30.6 3.8 (2.9) 30.7 4.0 (3.1)
2012 27.2 3.5 (2.4) 26.7 3.4 (2.4) 29.8 3.9 (2.7)
2017-18 21.6 2.7 21.3 2.7 23.7 3.1

Health expenditures

7.5% of GDP (2014)

Physicians density

2.65 physicians/1,000 population (2014)

Hospital bed density

1.8 beds/1,000 population (2012)

Obesity - adult prevalence rate

35.5% (2016)

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

3% (2012)

Literacy rate

15–24 years (in 2015):[24]

  • Total: 99.23%
  • Male: 99.11%
  • Female: 99.37%

15 years and older (in 2015):[24]

  • Total: 98.01%
  • Male: 98.51%
  • Female: 97.49%

UN estimates[25]

Period Live births per year Deaths per year Natural change per year CBR1 CDR1 NC1 TFR1 IMR1
1950–1955 26 000 11 000 15 000 47.4 19.3 28.1 7.38 160.9
1955–1960 38 000 13 000 25 000 49.4 16.5 32.9 7.38 128.9
1960–1965 54 000 15 000 40 000 53.6 14.5 39.1 8.00 103.2
1965–1970 73 000 16 000 57 000 52.3 11.8 40.5 8.00 82.8
1970–1975 90 000 17 000 73 000 49.0 9.4 39.6 7.79 68.3
1975–1980 92 000 16 000 76 000 42.8 7.5 35.3 7.38 56.5
1980–1985 101 000 17 000 85 000 39.7 6.5 33.2 7.05 44.4
1985–1990 117 000 18 000 99 000 37.5 5.7 31.8 6.44 36.0
1990–1995 132 000 19 000 113 000 33.9 4.9 29.0 5.14 30.6
1995–2000 147 000 21 000 127 000 32.0 4.5 27.5 4.34 26.7
2000–2005 143 000 21 000 122 000 28.1 4.2 23.9 3.60 23.6
2005–2010 152 000 23 000 128 000 26.4 4.1 22.3 3.27 21.0
1 CBR = crude birth rate (per 1000); CDR = crude death rate (per 1000); NC = natural change (per 1000); TFR = total fertility rate (number of children per woman); IMR = infant mortality rate per 1000 births

References

  1. 1 2 "The World Fact book – Jordan". CIA World Factbook. Retrieved 11 December 2016.
  2. 1 2 3 Ghazal, Mohammad (22 January 2016). "Population stands at around 9.5 million, including 2.9 million guests". The Jordan Times. Retrieved 22 January 2016.
  3. ↑ "Jordan tops list of refugee-host countries — Amnesty". Jordan Times. 2016-10-04. Retrieved 2018-01-30.
  4. ↑ "American Jewish Yearbook p.528" (PDF). Retrieved 2010-12-22.
  5. 1 2 "Middle East :: JORDAN". CIA The World Factbook.
  6. ↑ International Religious Freedom Report, US State Department, 2005
  7. 1 2 "Jordan: Religions & Peoples". i-cias.com.
  8. ↑ "Ethnologue 14 report for language code:ARM". ethnologue.com.
  9. ↑ "Jordan - history - geography". britannica.com.
  10. ↑ "Jordan". UNRWA. 1 December 2015. Retrieved 14 June 2016.
  11. ↑ "Doors closing on fleeing Iraqis". 2007. Retrieved 2018-02-13.
  12. ↑ "Jordan profile – Overview". BBC. 18 November 2012. Retrieved 11 December 2016.
  13. ↑ Malkawi, Khetam (30 May 2015). "Sector leaders highlight potential for further growth in medical tourism". The Jordan Times. Retrieved 13 March 2016.
  14. ↑ "المملكة الاردنية الهاشمية - وزارة التربية و التعليم Ministry of Education - Hashemit Kingdom of Jordan". www.moe.gov.jo. Retrieved 2018-02-13.
  15. ↑ "Brief on Higher Education Sector in Jordan". www.mohe.gov.jo. Retrieved 2018-02-13.
  16. ↑ "World Population Prospects – Population Division – United Nations". Retrieved 2017-07-15.
  17. ↑ "World Population Prospects - Population Division - United Nations". esa.un.org.
  18. ↑ "Population - Estimated population of 2017 and some of selected data". Department of Statistics. Retrieved 9 August 2018.
  19. ↑ "Department of Statistics". dosweb.dos.gov.jo. Retrieved 2018-02-14.
  20. ↑ http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2.htm
  21. ↑ "كتاب الاحصائي السنوي 2011". www.dos.gov.jo.
  22. ↑ "Department of Statistics". dosweb.dos.gov.jo. Retrieved 2018-02-27.
  23. ↑ "The DHS Program - Quality information to plan, monitor and improve population, health, and nutrition programs". www.dhsprogram.com.
  24. 1 2 Learning, UNESCO Institute for Lifelong (2017-09-08). "Effective Literacy Programmes". litbase.uil.unesco.org. Retrieved 2018-01-27.
  25. ↑ "World Population Prospects: The 2010 Revision". un.org.
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