Combined hormonal contraception

Combined hormonal contraception, or combined birth control, is a form of hormonal contraception which combines both an estrogen and a progestogen. The other major form of hormonal contraception is progestogen-only contraception, which uses only a progestogen. Types of combined hormonal contraception include:

See also

Progestogen-only contraception

References

Hormonal contraception (G02B, G03A)

First generation (estranes)	Ethisterone Etynodiol diacetate Lynestrenol Norethisterone (norethindrone) Norethisterone acetate Norethisterone enanthate Noretynodrel Quingestanol
Second generation	Estranes: Norethisterone enanthate Norgestrienone Gonanes: Levonorgestrel Norelgestromin Norgestrel
Third generation (gonanes)	Desogestrel Etonogestrel Gestodene Norgestimate
Fourth generation	Estranes: Dienogest Norpregnanes: Demegestone Nomegestrol acetate Promegestone Trimegestone Spironolactone derivatives: Drospirenone
Pregnanes	Chlormadinone acetate Medrogestone Medroxyprogesterone acetate Megestrol acetate
Miscellaneous	Mifepristone Ulipristal acetate Algestone acetophenide Dydrogesterone Gestrinone Progesterone Proligestone

Estrogens and antiestrogens

ER agonists

Steroidal: Alfatradiol
Certain androgens/anabolic steroids (e.g., testosterone, testosterone esters, methyltestosterone, metandienone, nandrolone esters) (via estrogenic metabolites)
Certain progestins (e.g., norethisterone, noretynodrel, etynodiol diacetate, tibolone)
Clomestrone
Cloxestradiol acetate
Conjugated estrogens (+medroxyprogesterone acetate, +bazedoxifene)
Epiestriol
Epimestrol
Esterified estrogens (+methyltestosterone)
Estetrol^†
Estradiol
Estradiol esters (e.g., estradiol acetate, estradiol benzoate, estradiol cypionate, estradiol enanthate, estradiol undecylate, estradiol valerate, polyestradiol phosphate, estradiol ester mixtures (Climacteron)
Estramustine phosphate
Estriol
Estriol esters
- Emmenin
- Progynon
Estrone
Estrone esters
- Estrone sulfate
- Estropipate (piperazine estrone sulfate)
Ethinylestradiol^#
- Ethinylestradiol sulfonate
Hydroxyestrone diacetate
Mestranol
Methylestradiol
Moxestrol
Nilestriol
Prasterone (dehydroepiandrosterone; DHEA)
- Prasterone enanthate
- Prasterone sulfate
Promestriene
Quinestradol
Quinestrol

Progonadotropins

Antiandrogens (e.g., bicalutamide)
GnRH agonists (e.g., GnRH (gonadorelin), leuprorelin)
Gonadotropins (e.g., FSH, LH)

ER antagonists (incl. SERMs/SERDs)	Acolbifene^† Anordrin Bazedoxifene (+conjugated estrogens) Broparestrol Clomifene^# Cyclofenil Enclomifene^† Epitiostanol Lasofoxifene Mepitiostane Ormeloxifene Ospemifene Raloxifene Tamoxifen^# Toremifene Exclusively antagonistic: Fulvestrant
Aromatase inhibitors	Non-selective: Aminoglutethimide Testolactone Selective: Anastrozole Exemestane Fadrozole Formestane Letrozole
Antigonadotropins	Androgens/anabolic steroids (e.g., testosterone, testosterone esters, nandrolone esters, oxandrolone, fluoxymesterone) D₂ receptor antagonists (prolactin releasers) (e.g., domperidone, metoclopramide, risperidone, haloperidol, chlorpromazine, sulpiride) GnRH agonists (e.g., leuprorelin, goserelin) GnRH antagonists (e.g., cetrorelix) Progestogens (e.g., chlormadinone acetate, cyproterone acetate, gestonorone caproate, hydroxyprogesterone caproate, medroxyprogesterone acetate, megestrol acetate)
Others	Mixed mechanism of action: Danazol Gestrinone Androstenedione immunogens: Androvax (androstenedione albumin) Ovandrotone albumin (Fecundin)

^#WHO-EM
^‡Withdrawn from market
Clinical trials:
- ^†Phase III
- ^§Never to phase III

See also: Estrogen receptor modulators; Androgens and antiandrogens; Progestogens and antiprogestogens; List of estrogens

Progestogens and antiprogestogens

Progestogens
(and progestins)

Progesterone derivatives: Progesterone
Quingestrone

Retroprogesterone derivatives: Dydrogesterone
Trengestone

17α-Hydroxyprogesterone (and closely related) derivatives: 17α-Hydroxylated: Acetomepregenol (mepregenol diacetate)
Algestone acetophenide (dihydroxyprogesterone acetophenide)
Anagestone acetate
Chlormadinone acetate
Chlormethenmadinone acetate
Cyproterone acetate
Delmadinone acetate
Flugestone acetate (flurogestone acetate)
Flumedroxone acetate
Hydroxyprogesterone acetate
Hydroxyprogesterone caproate
Hydroxyprogesterone heptanoate
Medroxyprogesterone acetate^# (+conjugated estrogens)
Megestrol acetate
Melengestrol acetate
Methenmadinone acetate
Osaterone acetate
Pentagestrone acetate
Proligestone; 17α-Methylated: Medrogestone; Others: Haloprogesterone

19-Norprogesterone derivatives: 17α-Hydroxylated: Gestonorone caproate (gestronol hexanoate)
Nomegestrol acetate
Norgestomet
Segesterone acetate (nestorone, elcometrine); 17α-Methylated: Demegestone
Promegestone
Trimegestone

Testosterone derivatives: Estranes: Danazol
Dimethisterone
Ethisterone

19-Nortestosterone derivatives: Estranes: Allylestrenol
Altrenogest
Dienogest
Etynodiol diacetate
Lynestrenol
Norethisterone (norethindrone)^#
Norethisterone acetate
Norethisterone enanthate
Noretynodrel
Norgesterone
Norgestrienone
Normethandrone (methylestrenolone)
Norvinisterone
Oxendolone
Quingestanol acetate
Tibolone; Gonanes: Desogestrel
Etonogestrel
Gestodene
Gestrinone
Levonorgestrel^#
Norelgestromin
Norgestimate
Norgestrel

Spirolactone derivatives: Drospirenone

Others: Anabolic–androgenic steroids (e.g., nandrolone and esters, trenbolone and esters, ethylestrenol, norethandrolone, others)

Antiprogestogens

SPRMs	Telapristone^§ Ulipristal acetate
PR antagonists	Aglepristone Mifepristone

^#WHO-EM
^‡Withdrawn from market
Clinical trials:
- ^†Phase III
- ^§Never to phase III

See also: Progesterone receptor modulators; Androgens and antiandrogens; Estrogens and antiestrogens; List of progestogens

Estrogen receptor modulators

Agonists	Steroidal: 2-Hydroxyestradiol 2-Hydroxyestrone 3-Methyl-19-methyleneandrosta-3,5-dien-17β-ol 3α-Androstanediol 3α,5α-Dihydrolevonorgestrel 3β,5α-Dihydrolevonorgestrel 3α-Hydroxytibolone 3β-Hydroxytibolone 3β-Androstanediol 4-Androstenediol 4-Androstenedione 4-Hydroxyestradiol 4-Hydroxyestrone 4-Methoxyestradiol 4-Methoxyestrone 5-Androstenediol 7-Oxo-DHEA 7α-Hydroxy-DHEA 7α-Methylestradiol 7β-Hydroxyepiandrosterone 8,9-Dehydroestradiol 8,9-Dehydroestrone 8β-VE2 10β,17β-Dihydroxyestra-1,4-dien-3-one (DHED) 16α-Fluoroestradiol 16α-Hydroxy-DHEA 16α-Hydroxyestrone 16α-Iodoestradiol 16α-LE2 16β,17α-Epiestriol (16β-hydroxy-17α-estradiol) 17α-Estradiol (alfatradiol) 17α-Dihydroequilenin 17α-Dihydroequilin 17α-Epiestriol (16α-hydroxy-17α-estradiol) 17β-Dihydroequilenin 17β-Dihydroequilin Abiraterone Abiraterone acetate Alestramustine Almestrone Anabolic steroids (e.g., testosterone and esters, methyltestosterone, metandienone (methandrostenolone), nandrolone and esters, many others; via estrogenic metabolites) Atrimustine Bolandiol Bolandiol dipropionate Butolame Clomestrone Cloxestradiol Cloxestradiol acetate Conjugated estrogens Cyclodiol Cyclotriol DHEA DHEA-S Epiestriol (16β-epiestriol, 16β-hydroxy-17β-estradiol) Epimestrol Equilenin Equilin ERA-63 (ORG-37663) Esterified estrogens Estetrol Estradiol Estradiol esters Lipoidal estradiol Polyestradiol phosphate Estramustine Estramustine phosphate Estrapronicate Estrazinol Estriol Estriol esters Estrofurate Estromustine Estrone Estrone esters Estrone methyl ether Estropipate Etamestrol (eptamestrol) Ethinylestradiol Ethinylestradiol 3-benzoate Ethinylestradiol sulfonate Ethinylestriol Ethylestradiol Etynodiol Etynodiol diacetate Hexolame Hippulin Hydroxyestrone diacetate Lynestrenol Lynestrenol phenylpropionate Mestranol Methylestradiol Moxestrol Mytatrienediol Nilestriol Norethisterone Noretynodrel Orestrate Pentolame Prodiame Prolame Promestriene RU-16117 Quinestradol Quinestrol Tibolone Nonsteroidal: (R,R)-THC (S,S)-THC 2,8-DHHHC β-LGND1 β-LGND2 (GTx-878) AC-186 Allenestrol Allenolic acid Benzestrol Bifluranol Bisdehydrodoisynolic acid Carbestrol D-15414 DCW234 Diarylpropionitrile Dienestrol Dienestrol diacetate Diethylstilbestrol Diethylstilbestrol esters Dimestrol (dianisylhexene) Doisynoestrol (fenocycline) Doisynolic acid Efavirenz ERB-196 (WAY-202196) Erteberel (SERBA-1, LY-500307) Estrobin (DBE) Fenestrel FERb 033 Fosfestrol (diethylstilbestrol diphosphate) Furostilbestrol (diethylstilbestrol difuroate) GTx-758 Hexestrol Hexestrol esters ICI-85966 (Stilbostat) Mestilbol Methallenestril Methestrol Methestrol dipropionate Paroxypropione Pentafluranol Phenestrol Prinaberel (ERB-041, WAY-202041) Propylpyrazoletriol Quadrosilan SC-4289 SERBA-2 SKF-82,958 Terfluranol Triphenylbromoethylene Triphenylchloroethylene Triphenyliodoethylene Triphenylmethylethylene (triphenylpropene) WAY-166818 WAY-169916 WAY-200070 WAY-204688 (SIM-688) WAY-214156 Unknown/unsorted: ERB-26 ERA-45 ERB-79 ZK-283197 Xenoestrogens: Anise-related (e.g., anethole, anol, dianethole, dianol, photoanethole) Chalconoids (e.g., isoliquiritigenin, phloretin, phlorizin (phloridzin), wedelolactone) Coumestans (e.g., coumestrol, psoralidin) Flavonoids (incl. 7,8-DHF, 8-prenylnaringenin, apigenin, baicalein, baicalin, biochanin A, calycosin, catechin, daidzein, daidzin, ECG, EGCG, epicatechin, equol, formononetin, glabrene, glabridin, genistein, genistin, glycitein, kaempferol, liquiritigenin, mirificin, myricetin, naringenin, penduletin, pinocembrin, prunetin, puerarin, quercetin, tectoridin, tectorigenin) Lavender oil Lignans (e.g., enterodiol, enterolactone, nyasol (cis-hinokiresinol)) Metalloestrogens (e.g., cadmium) Pesticides (e.g., alternariol, dieldrin, endosulfan, fenarimol, methiocarb, methoxychlor, triclocarban, triclosan) Phytosteroids (e.g., digitoxin (digitalis), diosgenin, guggulsterone) Phytosterols (e.g., β-sitosterol, campesterol, stigmasterol) Resorcylic acid lactones (e.g., zearalanone, α-zearalenol, β-zearalenol, zearalenone, zeranol (α-zearalanol), taleranol (teranol, β-zearalanol)) Steroid-like (e.g., deoxymiroestrol, miroestrol) Stilbenoids (e.g., resveratrol, rhaponticin) Synthetic xenoestrogens (e.g., alkylphenols, bisphenols (e.g., BPA, BPF, BPS), DDT, parabens, PBBs, PHBA, phthalates, PCBs) Others (e.g., agnuside, rotundifuran)
Mixed (SERMs)	2-Phenylbenzofuran 2-Phenylbenzothiophene 4'-Hydroxynorendoxifen 27-Hydroxycholesterol Acefluranol Acolbifene Afimoxifene Anordiol Anordrin Arzoxifene Bazedoxifene Brilanestrant Broparestrol Chlorotrianisene Clomifene Clomifenoxide Cyclofenil D-15413 Droloxifene Elacestrant Enclomifene Endoxifen Etacstil (GW-5638, DPC-974) Ethamoxytriphetol (MER-25) Femarelle Fispemifene GW-7604 ICI-55548 Idoxifene Lasofoxifene Levormeloxifene LN-1643 LN-2299 LY-117018 Menerba Miproxifene Miproxifene phosphate Nafoxidine Nitromifene NNC 45-0095 NNC 45-0320 NNC 45-0781 NNC 45-1506 Ormeloxifene Ospemifene Panomifene Pipendoxifene Promensil Raloxifene Rimostil (P-081) Spironolactone SS1010 Tamoxifen TAS-108 (SR-16234) Toremifene Trioxifene TZE-5323 Y-134 Zindoxifene Zuclomifene
Antagonists	(R,R)-THC 7β-Hydroxy-DHEA Chloroindazole Cytestrol acetate EM-800 Epitiostanol ERA-90 ERB-88 Fulvestrant (ICI-182780) Glyceollins (I, II, III, IV) ICI-164384 Mepitiostane Methylepitiostanol Methylpiperidinopyrazole MIBE Oxabicycloheptene sulfonate Phenytoin PHTPP Prochloraz RU-58668 SS1020 TAS-108 (SR-16234) ZB716 ZK-164015 ZK-191703 Coregulator-binding modulators: ERX-11

Agonists

Antagonists

CCL18
Estriol
G-15
G-36
MIBE

See also: Receptor/signaling modulators; Estrogens and antiestrogens; Androgen receptor modulators; Progesterone receptor modulators; List of estrogens

Progesterone receptor modulators

Agonists	Progesterone derivatives: 3β-Dihydroprogesterone 5α-Dihydroprogesterone 9α-Bromo-11-ketoprogesterone 11-Dehydroprogesterone 11-Deoxycorticosterone 16α-Hydroxyprogesterone 20α-Dihydroprogesterone 20β-Dihydroprogesterone Dimepregnen Diosgenin P1-185 Progesterone Progesterone 3-acetyl enol ether Quingestrone Retroprogesterone derivatives: 20α-Dihydrodydrogesterone 20α-Dihydrotrengestone DU-41164 DU-41165 Dydrogesterone Retroprogesterone Ro 6-3129 Trengestone 17α-Substituted progesterone derivatives: 6α-Methyl-17α-bromoprogesterone 15β-Hydroxycyproterone acetate 16-Methylene-17α-hydroxyprogesterone acetate 17α-Bromoprogesterone 17α-Hydroxyprogesterone (hydroxyprogesterone) 17α-Methylprogesterone Acetomepregenol (mepregenol diacetate) Algestone Algestone acetonide Algestone acetophenide Anagestone Anagestone acetate Bromethenmadinone Bromethenmadinone acetate Butagest (buterol) Chlormadinone Chlormadinone acetate Chlormadinone caproate Chlormethenmadinone Chlormethenmadinone acetate Cismadinone Cismadinone acetate Clogestone Clogestone acetate Clomegestone Clomegestone acetate Cymegesolate Cyproterone acetate Delmadinone Delmadinone acetate Edogestrone Flugestone Flugestone acetate Flumedroxone Flumedroxone acetate Fluoromedroxyprogesterone acetate Gestaclone Haloprogesterone Hydromadinone Hydromadinone acetate Hydroxyprogesterone acetate Hydroxyprogesterone caproate (hydroxyprogesterone hexanoate) Hydroxyprogesterone heptanoate (hydroxyprogesterone enanthate) Mecigestone (pentarane B) Medrogestone Medroxyprogesterone Medroxyprogesterone acetate Medroxyprogesterone caproate Megestrol Megestrol acetate Megestrol caproate Melengestrol Melengestrol acetate Methenmadinone Methenmadinone acetate Methenmadinone caproate Mometasone Mometasone furoate Osaterone Osaterone acetate Pentagestrone Pentagestrone acetate Pentarane A Proligestone 19-Norprogesterone derivatives: 17α-Methyl-19-norprogesterone 18-Methylsegesterone acetate 19-Norprogesterone Amadinone Amadinone acetate Demegestone Fluoro ethyl norprogesterone Fluoro furanyl norprogesterone Gestadienol Gestadienol acetate Gestonorone caproate (gestronol hexanoate) Gestronol (gestonorone) Nomegestrol Nomegestrol acetate Norgestomet ORG-2058 Oxogestone Oxogestone phenpropionate (xinogestone) Promegestone Segesterone Segesterone acetate (nestorone) Trimegestone Testosterone derivatives: Progestins: 6,6-Difluoronorethisterone 6,6-Difluoronorethisterone acetate 17α-Allyl-19-nortestosterone Allylestrenol Altrenogest Chloroethynylnorgestrel Cingestol Danazol Desogestrel Dienogest Ethisterone Ethynerone Etonogestrel Etynodiol Etynodiol diacetate Gestodene Gestrinone Levonorgestrel Levonorgestrel esters (e.g., levonorgestrel butanoate) Lynestrenol Lynestrenol phenylpropionate Metynodiol Metynodiol diacetate Norelgestromin Norethisterone (norethindrone) Norethisterone esters (e.g., norethisterone acetate, norethisterone enanthate) Noretynodrel Norgesterone Norgestimate Norgestrel Norgestrienone Norvinisterone Oxendolone Quingestanol Quingestanol acetate Tibolone Tigestol Tosagestin; Anabolic–androgenic steroids: 11β-Methyl-19-nortestosterone 11β-Methyl-19-nortestosterone dodecylcarbonate 19-Nor-5-androstenediol 19-Nor-5-androstenedione 19-Nordehydroepiandrosterone Bolandiol Bolandiol dipropionate Bolandione Dimethisterone Dienedione Dienolone Dimethandrolone Dimethandrolone buciclate Dimethandrolone dodecylcarbonate Dimethandrolone undecanoate Dimethyldienolone Dimethyltrienolone Ethyldienolone Ethylestrenol (ethylnandrol) Methyldienolone Metribolone (R-1881) Methoxydienone (methoxygonadiene) Mibolerone Nandrolone Nandrolone esters (e.g., nandrolone decanoate, nandrolone phenylpropionate) Norethandrolone Normethandrone (methylestrenolone, normethandrolone, normethisterone) RU-2309 Tetrahydrogestrinone Trenbolone (trienolone) Trenbolone esters (e.g., trenbolone acetate, trenbolone enanthate) Trendione Trestolone Trestolone acetate Spirolactone derivatives: Canrenoic acid Canrenone Drospirenone Mespirenone Potassium canrenoate SC-5233 (spirolactone) SC-8109 Spironolactone Spirorenone Nonsteroidal: 3,8-Dihydrodiligustilide LG-2527 LG-100128 Riligustilide RWJ-26819 RWJ-49853 RWJ-60130 Tanaproget ZM-182345 Unknown: ORG-47241 ORG-201745
Mixed (SPRMs)	Steroidal: Dihydroethisterone 5α-Dihydrolevonorgestrel 5α-Dihydronorethisterone Asoprisnil Asoprisnil ecamate Guggulsterone J1042 LG-120838 Metapristone (RU-42633) Mifepristone (RU-486) ORF-9371 ORF-9326 ORG-31710 ORG-33628 RMI-12936 Telapristone Ulipristal acetate Vilaprisan ZK-137316 Nonsteroidal: Apigenin Kaempferol LG-120920 Naringenin PRA-910 Syringic acid
Antagonists	Steroidal: Aglepristone Lilopristone Lonaprisan Onapristone ORG-31710 ORG-31806 ORG-33628 RTI 3021–022 Toripristone Zanoterone Nonsteroidal: LG-001447 LG-100127 LG-100128 LG-120830 LG-121046 Valproic acid ZM-150271 ZM-172406

Agonists	5α-Dihydroprogesterone 5β-Dihydroprogesterone 11-Deoxycortisone (21-hydroxyprogesterone) 11-Deoxycortisol (17α,21-dihydroxyprogesterone) 17α-Hydroxyprogesterone Allopregnanolone Mifepristone Pregnenolone Progesterone
Antagonists	Mifepristone

See also: Receptor/signaling modulators; Progestogens and antiprogestogens; Androgen receptor modulators; Estrogen receptor modulators; List of progestogens

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