Mibolerone

Mibolerone
Clinical data
Trade names Cheque Drops, Matenon
Synonyms U-10997; CDB-904; Dimethylnandrolone; Dimethylnortestosterone;[1] DMNT; 7α,17α-Dimethyl-19-nortestosterone; 7α,17α-Dimethylestr-4-en-17β-ol-3-one
AHFS/Drugs.com International Drug Names
Routes of
administration		 By mouth
Drug class Androgen; Anabolic steroid; Progestogen
ATC code
  • None
Legal status
Legal status
Pharmacokinetic data
Metabolism Liver
Identifiers
CAS Number
PubChem CID
IUPHAR/BPS
ChemSpider
UNII
KEGG
ChEBI
ChEMBL
ECHA InfoCard 100.020.951 Edit this at Wikidata
Chemical and physical data
Formula C20H30O2
Molar mass 302.456 g/mol
3D model (JSmol)
  (verify)

Mibolerone, also known as dimethylnortestosterone (DMNT) and sold under the brand names Cheque Drops and Matenon, is a synthetic, orally active, and extremely potent anabolic–androgenic steroid (AAS) and a 17α-alkylated nandrolone (19-nortestosterone) derivative which was marketed by Upjohn for use as a veterinary drug.[2][3][4] It was indicated specifically as an oral treatment for prevention of estrus (heat) in adult female dogs.[2]

Side effects

Pharmacology

Pharmacodynamics

Mibolerone has both higher affinity and greater selectivity for the androgen receptor (AR) than does the related potent AAS metribolone (17α-methyl-19-nor-δ9,11-testosterone),[5][6] although potent and significant progestogenic activity remains present.[7] However, another study found that mibolerone and metribolone had similar affinity for the progesterone receptor (PR) but that mibolerone only had around half the affinity of metribolone for the AR.[8]

Relative affinities (%) of mibolerone and related steroids[9][10]
CompoundChemical namePRARERGRMR
TestosteroneT1.0100<0.10.170.9
Nandrolone19-NT20154<0.10.51.6
Trenbolone∆9,11-19-NT74197<0.12.91.33
Trestolone7α-Me-19-NT50–75100–125?<1?
Normethandrone17α-Me-19-NT100146<0.11.50.6
Metribolone∆9,11-17α-Me-19-NT208204<0.12618
Mibolerone7α,17α-DiMe-19-NT214108<0.11.42.1
Dimethyltrienolone∆9,11-7α,17α-DiMe-19-NT3061800.12252
Values are percentages (%). Reference ligands (100%) were progesterone for the PR, testosterone for the AR, estradiol for the ER, DEXA for the GR, and aldosterone for the MR.

Chemistry

Mibolerone, also known as 7α,17α-dimethyl-19-nortestosterone (DMNT) or as 7α,17α-dimethylestr-4-en-17β-ol-3-one,[7] is a synthetic estrane steroid and a 17α-alkylated derivative of nandrolone (19-nortestosterone). It is the 17α-methyl derivative of trestolone (7α-methyl-19-nortestosterone; MENT).[7] Other related AAS include metribolone (17α-methyl-δ9,11-19-nortestosterone) and dimethyltrienolone (7α,17α-dimethyl-δ9,11-19-nortestosterone).

Synthesis

Nandrolone (1) appears to be used to make mibolerone. For comparison, also see bolasterone and calusterone. The first step involves extending the conjugation of the enone function by an additional double bond. Chloranil (tetrachloroquinone) is the forerunner of dichlorodicyanoquinone (DDQ), a reagent used extensively for introducing additional unsaturation in the progestin and corticoid series.

Preparation of Mibolerone: BE 610385 ; J. C. Babcock, J. A. Campbell, U.S. Patent 3,341,557 (1962, 1967 both to Upjohn).

In the case at hand, heating acetate (1) with chloranil gives the conjugated dienone (2), and reaction of that compound with methylmagnesium bromide in the presence of cuprous chloride leads to addition of the methyl group to position 7 at the end of the conjugated system (3). The stereochemistry of the product again illustrates the preference for additions from the backside. The alcohol at C17 is then oxidized to a ketone (4). Enamines are commonly used to activate adjacent functions; they are also not infrequently used, as in this case, as protecting groups. Thus, reaction of the intermediate with pyrrolidine gives dienamine (5). This transformation emphasizes the clear difference in reactivity between ketones at C7 and C17. A second methyl Grignard addition gives the corresponding 17α-methyl derivative. Hydrolysis of the enamine function then affords mibolerone (6).

The same structure of 3 and 4 also containing an 11β-fluoro group has also been described in the patent literature.[11]

History

Mibolerone was first synthesized in 1963.[12][4]

Society and culture

Generic names

Mibolerone is the generic name of the drug and its INN, USAN, and BAN.[2][3] It is also known as dimethylnortestosterone (DMNT) and by its former developmental code name U-10997.[2][3]

Brand names

Mibolerone has been marketed under the brand names Cheque Drops and Matenon.[3][2][4]

References

  1. ↑ I.K. Morton; Judith M. Hall (31 October 1999). Concise Dictionary of Pharmacological Agents: Properties and Synonyms. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 181–. ISBN 978-0-7514-0499-9.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 J. Elks (14 November 2014). The Dictionary of Drugs: Chemical Data: Chemical Data, Structures and Bibliographies. Springer. pp. 822–. ISBN 978-1-4757-2085-3.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Index Nominum 2000: International Drug Directory. Taylor & Francis. January 2000. pp. 689–. ISBN 978-3-88763-075-1.
  4. 1 2 3 William Llewellyn (2011). Anabolics. Molecular Nutrition Llc. pp. 395–. ISBN 978-0-9828280-1-4.
  5. ↑ Murthy LR, Johnson MP, Rowley DR, Young CY, Scardino PT, Tindall DJ (1986). "Characterization of steroid receptors in human prostate using mibolerone". Prostate. 8 (3): 241–53. doi:10.1002/pros.2990080305. PMID 2422638.
  6. ↑ Schilling K, Liao S (1984). "The use of radioactive 7 alpha, 17 alpha-dimethyl-19-nortestosterone (mibolerone) in the assay of androgen receptors". Prostate. 5 (6): 581–8. doi:10.1002/pros.2990050603. PMID 6333679.
  7. 1 2 3 Markiewicz L, Gurpide E (1997). "Estrogenic and progestagenic activities of physiologic and synthetic androgens, as measured by in vitro bioassays". Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol. 19 (4): 215–22. PMID 9228646.
  8. ↑ Loughney DA, Schwender CF (1992). "A comparison of progestin and androgen receptor binding using the CoMFA technique". J. Comput.-Aided Mol. Des. 6 (6): 569–81. doi:10.1007/bf00126215. PMID 1291626.
  9. ↑ Delettré J, Mornon JP, Lepicard G, Ojasoo T, Raynaud JP (January 1980). "Steroid flexibility and receptor specificity". J. Steroid Biochem. 13 (1): 45–59. doi:10.1016/0022-4731(80)90112-0. PMID 7382482.
  10. ↑ Ojasoo T, Delettré J, Mornon JP, Turpin-VanDycke C, Raynaud JP (1987). "Towards the mapping of the progesterone and androgen receptors". J. Steroid Biochem. 27 (1–3): 255–69. doi:10.1016/0022-4731(87)90317-7. PMID 3695484.
  11. ↑ U.S. Patent 7,361,645 (2008 to Bayer Schering Pharma Ag).
  12. ↑ Schänzer W (1996). "Metabolism of anabolic androgenic steroids". Clin. Chem. 42 (7): 1001–20. PMID 8674183.


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