MKX

Homeobox protein Mohawk, also known as iroquois homeobox protein-like 1, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MKX (mohawk homeobox) gene.[5] MKX is a member of an Iroquois (IRX) family-related class of 'three-amino acid loop extension' (TALE) atypical homeobox proteins characterized by 3 additional amino acids in the loop region between helix I and helix II of the homeodomain.[5][6]

This article is about the protein. For the Mortal Kombat video game, see Mortal Kombat X. For other uses, see MKX (disambiguation).
MKX
Identifiers
AliasesMKX, C10orf48, IFRX, IRXL1, mohawk homeobox
External IDsOMIM: 601332 MGI: 2687286 HomoloGene: 72239 GeneCards: MKX
Gene location (Human)
Chr.Chromosome 10 (human)[1]
Band10p12.1Start27,672,874 bp[1]
End27,746,060 bp[1]
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez

283078

210719

Ensembl

ENSG00000150051

ENSMUSG00000061013

UniProt

Q8IYA7

Q8BIA3

RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_001242702
NM_173576

NM_177595

RefSeq (protein)

NP_001229631
NP_775847

NP_808263

Location (UCSC)Chr 10: 27.67 – 27.75 MbChr 18: 6.93 – 7 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

Function

MKX is a transcription factor that regulates tendon differentiation during embryological development. Knocking out this gene in mouse embryos results in them developing hypoplastic tendons containing less type I collagen.[7] MKX binds directly to the promoter of MyoD and represses its expression, negatively regulating muscle differentiation.[8]

Expression of MKX is maintained in adult tendon tissues, decreasing as a result of ageing or osteoarthritis. Collagen fibres in tendons become more dense and thick following mechanical stimulation as a result of exercise,[9] and MKX is essential in this mechanosensory process.[10]

References
  1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000150051 - Ensembl, May 2017
  2. GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000061013 - Ensembl, May 2017
  3. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. "Entrez Gene: mohawk homeobox".
  6. Anderson DM, Arredondo J, Hahn K, Valente G, Martin JF, Wilson-Rawls J, Rawls A (March 2006). "Mohawk is a novel homeobox gene expressed in the developing mouse embryo". Developmental Dynamics. 235 (3): 792–801. doi:10.1002/dvdy.20671. PMID 16408284.
  7. Ito Y, Toriuchi N, Yoshitaka T, Ueno-Kudoh H, Sato T, Yokoyama S, Nishida K, Akimoto T, Takahashi M, Miyaki S, Asahara H (June 2010). "The Mohawk homeobox gene is a critical regulator of tendon differentiation". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 107 (23): 10538–42. Bibcode:2010PNAS..10710538I. doi:10.1073/pnas.1000525107. PMC 2890854. PMID 20498044.
  8. Chuang HN, Hsiao KM, Chang HY, Wu CC, Pan H (July 2014). "The homeobox transcription factor Irxl1 negatively regulates MyoD expression and myoblast differentiation". The FEBS Journal. 281 (13): 2990–3003. doi:10.1111/febs.12837. PMID 24814716.
  9. Nakahara H, Hasegawa A, Otabe K, Ayabe F, Matsukawa T, Onizuka N, Ito Y, Ozaki T, Lotz MK, Asahara H (August 2013). "Transcription factor Mohawk and the pathogenesis of human anterior cruciate ligament degradation". Arthritis and Rheumatism. 65 (8): 2081–9. doi:10.1002/art.38020. PMC 3840305. PMID 23686683.
  10. Kayama T, Mori M, Ito Y, Matsushima T, Nakamichi R, Suzuki H, Ichinose S, Saito M, Marumo K, Asahara H (April 2016). "Gtf2ird1-Dependent Mohawk Expression Regulates Mechanosensing Properties of the Tendon". Molecular and Cellular Biology. 36 (8): 1297–309. doi:10.1128/MCB.00950-15. PMC 4836271. PMID 26884464.

Further reading
  • Robertson NG, Khetarpal U, Gutiérrez-Espeleta GA, Bieber FR, Morton CC (September 1994). "Isolation of novel and known genes from a human fetal cochlear cDNA library using subtractive hybridization and differential screening". Genomics. 23 (1): 42–50. doi:10.1006/geno.1994.1457. PMID 7829101.
  • Weinmann A, Galle PR, Teufel A (September 2005). "In silico characterization of an Iroquois family-related homeodomain protein". International Journal of Molecular Medicine. 16 (3): 443–8. doi:10.3892/ijmm.16.3.443. PMID 16077953.
  • Anderson DM, Arredondo J, Hahn K, Valente G, Martin JF, Wilson-Rawls J, Rawls A (March 2006). "Mohawk is a novel homeobox gene expressed in the developing mouse embryo". Developmental Dynamics. 235 (3): 792–801. doi:10.1002/dvdy.20671. PMID 16408284.
  • Barbe L, Lundberg E, Oksvold P, Stenius A, Lewin E, Björling E, Asplund A, Pontén F, Brismar H, Uhlén M, Andersson-Svahn H (March 2008). "Toward a confocal subcellular atlas of the human proteome". Molecular & Cellular Proteomics. 7 (3): 499–508. doi:10.1074/mcp.M700325-MCP200. PMID 18029348.

This article incorporates text from the United States National Library of Medicine, which is in the public domain.

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