Saran district

Saran district
District of Bihar

Location of Saran district in Bihar
Country India
State Bihar
Administrative division Saran
Headquarters Chhapra
Tehsils 20
Government
 • Lok Sabha constituencies 1. Saran, 2. Maharajganj (shared with Siwan district)
 • Assembly seats Ekma, Manjhi, Baniapur, Taraiya, Marhaura, Chapra, Garkha, Amnour, Parsa, Sonpur
Area
 • Total 2,641 km2 (1,020 sq mi)
Population (2011)
 • Total 3,943,098
 • Density 1,500/km2 (3,900/sq mi)
Demographics
 • Literacy 72.57 per cent
 • Sex ratio 949
Major highways NH 28B, NH 85, NH 101, NH 102, NH 19
Website Official website

Saran District is one of the thirty-eight districts of Bihar state, India.[1] The district, part of Saran Division, is also known as Chhapra district after the headquarters of the district, Chhapra.

History

Chirand, 10 kilometres east of Chhapra, is a stratified Neolithic, Chalcolithic, and Iron Age settlement, which is known for its continuous archaeological record from the Neolithic age (about 2500–1345 BC) to the reign of the Pal dynasty who ruled during the pre-medieval period.[2] The archaeological records suggest transitions in human habitation patterns in Chirand dating from 2500 BC to 30 AD.[3] The Cheros are believed to have been the chief among the pre-Aryan inhabitants of Saran district. In ancient times, Saran was part of Kosala Kingdom. The archaeological records suggests that Dighwara in Saran had supplied copper plate issued in the reign of king Mahendra paldeva in 898 A.D. In the Ain-i-Akbari, Saran was treated as one of the six Sarkars (Revenue Divisions) forming the Subah of province of Bihar, and in 1582 it was assessed to revenue by Akbar’s Finance Minister, Todar Mal. The old Saran district included the present districts of Saran, Siwan and Gopalganj. Later in 18th century, European merchant adventurers made settlements in the Saran district. The English were also attracted to Chapra about this time by the trade in salt petre, which was in great demand for the manufacture of gunpowder.

Hathwa Raj was a zamindar in the Saran Division of Bihar belonging to Bhumihars, which encompassed 1,365 villages, was inhabited by more than 391,000 people, and produced an annual rental of almost a million rupees.[4]

Hindi version of Saran Gazetteer titled as Srijan was released in September 2016.[5][6][7][8]

Geography

Saran district occupies an area of 2,641 square kilometres (1,020 sq mi),[9] equivalent to Drenthe province in the Netherlands.

The district of Saran is situated between 25°36' and 26°13' north latitude and 84°24' and 85°15' east longitude in the southern post of the Saran Division of North Bihar. The Ganges river provides the southern boundary of the district, beyond which lie the districts of Bhojpur and Patna. To the north of Saran lie the districts of Siwan and Gopalganj. The Gandak river forms the dividing line with the Vaishali and Muzaffarpur districts in the east. To the west of Saran lie the districts of Siwan and Balia in Uttar Pradesh. The Ghaghra river forms a natural boundary between Saran and Ballia.

The district is shaped like a triangle; its apex is the confluence of the boundary of the Gopalganj district and the Gandak – Ganges river. The district is made up entirely of plains, but several depressions and marshes create three broad natural divisions:

  • The alluvial plains along the big rivers, which are subject to periodic inundation.
  • The uplands away from the rivers, not subject to floods.
  • The riverbed diara areas.

Out of twenty blocks in the districts, six (Sonepur, Dighwara, Revelganj, chapra, Manjhi and Dariyapur) regularly flood. Six others are partially affected by floods (Parsa, Marhoura, Amnaur, Jalalpur, and Ekma). The soil of the district is alluvial. No minerals of economic value are found in the district.

India's biggest double-decker flyover is being constructed in Chhapra.[10] This 3.5 km long double-decker flyover from Gandhi Chowk to Nagarpalika Chowk,[11] is being constructed at the cost of ₹ 411.31 crore from the central road fund (CRF) under engineering procurement construction (EPC) mode by Bihar Rajya Pul Nirman Nigam Limited (BRPNNL).[12][13] It is longer than the 1.8 km double-decker flyover in Santa Cruz–Chembur Link Road.[14] Chief Minister Nitish Kumar laid the foundation stone of this double-decker flyover in July 2018, which is set to be completed by June 2022.[15] The width of the flyover will be 5.5 meters.[16] The double-decker flyover will be constructed from the eastern side of Bhikhari Thakur roundabout on NH- 19 crossing the Police Lines, Gandhi Chowk, Mouna Chowk, Nagarpalika (Rajendra) Chowk, bus stand and end at Daroga Rai Chowk near Zila school on the western side of Chhapra. The upper portion of the double-decker flyover bridge would be 3.5 km long and the lower portion 3 km.

Institutions/Organisation

Rail Wheel Plant, Bela, Dariapur

A. Industrial Institutions

  1. Rail Wheel Plant, Bela, Dariapur
  2. Diesel Locomotive Factory, Marhowra
  3. Saran Engineering, Marhurah
  4. Saran Ditillary, Marhurah
  5. Sugar Mill, Marhurah
  6. Mortern Mill, Marhurah
  7. Rail Coach Factory, Sonpur
Loknayak Jai Prakash Institute Of Technology

B. Govt. Educational Institutions

  1. Jai Prakash University
  2. Rajendra College
  3. Ram Jaipal College
  4. Jagdam College
  5. Polytechnic college, Marhurah
  6. ITI Marhurah
  7. Zila School
  8. Rajendra Collegiate
  9. Chhapra medical college (proposed)[17]

C.Other Institutions

  1. ITBP Headqauters, Kotheya, Jalalpur block[18]
  2. Islamia High School, Olhanpur

Economy

Saran was earlier called 'money order economy' district, as people used to send remittances in money order to their families there.[19][20] It is one of the 38 districts in Bihar currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme (BRGF).[21]

Government

The present collector and District Magistrate of Saran is Subrat Kumar Sen.[22] The Divisional Commissioner is Narmadeshwar Lal (I.A.S).[23]

The district has three Subdivisions, 20 Community Development Blocks and 1764 villages.

Subdivisions

Saran District comprises three Sub-divisions:

Blocks

20 C.D Blocks:- Chapra, Manjhi, Rivilganj, Ekma, Baniapur, Amnaur, Taraiya, (Sonpur, Parsa, Garkha, Dariapur, Dighwara), Jalalpur, Marhaura, Masarakh, Maker, Nagra Nabiganj, Panapur, Eisuapur, Lahladpur Jantabazar

Demographics

Religions in Saran District
Religion Percent
Hindus
 
 89.45%
Muslims
 
 10.28%
Not Stated
 
 0.18%
Christian
 
 0.06%
Sikh
 
 0.01%
Buddhist
 
 0.01%
Jain
 
 0.01%

According to the 2011 census Saran district has a population of 3,943,098,[24] roughly equal to the nation of Liberia[25] or the US state of Oregon.[26] This gives it a ranking of 60th in India (out of a total of 640).[24] The district has a population density of 1,493 inhabitants per square kilometre (3,870/sq mi).[24] Its population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 21.37%.[24] Saran has a sex ratio of 949 females for every 1000 males,[24] and a literacy rate of 68.57%.[24]

  • Population: Total: 3951862 Rural: 3598660 Urban: 35883
  • S.C. Population: Total: 474066 Rural: 438183 Urban: 24089
  • S.T. Population: Total: 36786 Rural: 35885 Urban: 901

Languages

Languages include Bhojpuri, a tongue in the Bihari language group with almost 40 000 000 speakers, written in both the Devanagari and Kaithi scripts.[27]

Culture

Saran district is very rich in cultural activities. Cultural festivals are organised in Sonepur during the month of Kartik.

Tourism

There are several tourist attractions in Saran district such as Sonpur Cattle Fair, Chirand archaeological site, Harihar Temple.

Notable personalities

References

  1. ↑ "सारण। छपरा में कहने के लिए सारण काफी पुराना जिला है। मुगल शासक अकबर के दरबारी अबुल फजल ने आइने अकबरी".
  2. ↑ "BIHAR: A QUICK GUIDE TO SARAN".
  3. ↑ "Historical dictionary of Ancient India".
  4. ↑ Yang, Anand A. (1999). Bazaar India: Markets, Society, and the Colonial State in Bihar. University of California Press. pp. 305 (at page 69). ISBN 978-0-520-21100-1.
  5. ↑ "Saran Gazetteer PDF DM Deepak Anand".
  6. ↑ "Execution of rail projects Saran's biggest gain in '16".
  7. ↑ सृजन से जाने सारण जिले की थाती को
  8. ↑ 'सारण सृजन' विवरणिका का डीएम ने किया लोकार्पण
  9. ↑ Srivastava, Dayawanti et al. (ed.) (2010). "States and Union Territories: Bihar: Government". India 2010: A Reference Annual (54th ed.). New Delhi, India: Additional Director General, Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting (India), Government of India. pp. 1118–1119. ISBN 978-81-230-1617-7.
  10. ↑ "Chhapra to get Bihar's first double-decker flyover".
  11. ↑ "Two-deck flyover cost: Rs 411cr".
  12. ↑ "CM to open highway at Chhapra".
  13. ↑ https://www.telegraphindia.com/1170413/jsp/bihar/story_146000.jsp
  14. ↑ "Saran to beat Mumbai marvel".
  15. ↑ "Flyover first on Lalu's once turf".
  16. ↑ "Soon, Chhapra to get double-decker flyover".
  17. ↑ "Foundation stone for Chhapra medical college to be laid in October".
  18. ↑ "Home minister to open ITBP buildings today".
  19. ↑ "मनीऑर्डर इकॉनोमी से स्वावलंबन की ओर सारण".
  20. ↑ "दानापुर-दिघवारा प्रस्तावित पुल सारण को बनायेगा मिनी 'नोएडा'".
  21. ↑ Ministry of Panchayati Raj (September 8, 2009). "A Note on the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme" (PDF). National Institute of Rural Development. Archived from the original (PDF) on April 5, 2012. Retrieved September 27, 2011.
  22. ↑ http://saran.bih.nic.in
  23. ↑ "Contact Details of Officers in Saran Commissionary". sarandivision.bih.nic.in.
  24. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "District Census 2011". Census2011.co.in. 2011. Retrieved 2011-09-30.
  25. ↑ US Directorate of Intelligence. "Country Comparison:Population". Retrieved 2011-10-01. Liberia 3,786,764 July 2011 est.
  26. ↑ "2010 Resident Population Data". U. S. Census Bureau. Retrieved 2011-09-30. Oregon 3,831,074
  27. ↑ M. Paul Lewis, ed. (2009). "Bhojpuri: A language of India". Ethnologue: Languages of the World (16th ed.). Dallas, Texas: SIL International. Retrieved 2011-09-30.

Coordinates: 25°55′N 84°45′E / 25.917°N 84.750°E / 25.917; 84.750

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