List of historical national anthems
The Imperial Russian anthem, "God Save the Tsar!",[trans 1] used words by Vasily Zhukovsky (left) and music by Alexei Lvov (right). Adopted in 1833, the anthem was used continuously until the Empire's dissolution in 1917.
The oldest national anthem defined as "a song, as of praise, devotion, or patriotism" by Dictionary.com[1] is the Polish national anthem "Bogurodzica", "Mother of God". The hymn was created somewhere between the 10th and 13th centuries. Although, it was not the national anthem de jure. The second oldest is the Dutch national anthem "Het Wilhelmus",[trans 2] which was written between 1568 and 1572, but not then given any official status.[2] The first anthem to be officially proclaimed as such was "God Save The Queen", adopted by Great Britain in 1745.[3] "Het Wilhelmus" was declared the national anthem of the Netherlands in 1932; both of these anthems remain in use today. A royal or imperial anthem is a song that is similar in patriotic character to a national anthem, but which specifically praises a monarch, or royal dynasty. Some states have doubled their royal or imperial anthem as their national anthem.
An anthem may fall out of use if the country that uses it ceases to exist, or because it adopts a new anthem; the rationale for a new national anthem is often political, perhaps based on a new ruling dynasty or system of government. For example, following the French Revolution, which overthrew the monarchy, "La Marseillaise", a republican revolutionary song, became France's national anthem in 1795. Conversely, when the monarchy was restored 19 years later, the 16th-century royalist tune "Vive Henri IV" was revived and adapted to create "Le Retour des Princes français à Paris", an overt celebration of the restored government.[trans 3] Following a number of further changes, "La Marseillaise" was readopted in 1870 and remains France's contemporary national anthem. Similar changes have occurred when Libya, Iraq, and South Africa democratized in the 2010s, 2000s, and 1990s respectively, new national anthems were adopted for those countries as well.
Some historical anthems share the same tune; for example, "Heil dir im Siegerkranz",[trans 4] the Imperial German anthem, used the same music as the UK's national anthem, "God Save the Queen". There are also instances of the music of a former national anthem still being used in a current anthem; for instance, the modern national anthem of Germany, "Das Lied der Deutschen",[trans 5] uses the same tune as the 19th and early 20th-century Austro-Hungarian anthem "Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser".[trans 6] Another well-known example is the "Hymn of the Soviet Union",[trans 7] used until its dissolution in 1991, which was given new words and adopted by the Russian Federation in 2000 to replace the unpopular instrumental anthem it had introduced in 1993.[4][5]
This was not the first time that a country's de facto or de jure national anthem had proved controversial among its own people. "My Country, 'Tis of Thee", a de facto anthem of the U.S. during the 19th century, divided opinion as it used the same tune as "God Save the Queen".[note 1] A more recent example is "Hej, Sloveni",[trans 8] the former Yugoslavian anthem which was retained by Serbia and Montenegro until 2006;[note 2] because it was frequently booed when played in public – at sporting events, for example – it was eventually replaced.[6]
List of former national anthems
| States | National anthem title in local language(s) |
English translation of title | Period | Lyrics writer | Music writer | Audio | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
 |
"Schahe ghajur-o-mehrabane ma" | "Our Brave And Noble King" | 1943–1973 | Mohammed Makhtar | Mohammed Farukh | [7] | |
 |
"Soroud-e-Melli"[trans 9] | "National Anthem" | 1973–1978 | Abdul Rauf Benawa | Abdul Ghafur Brechna | [7] | |
 |
"Soroud-e-Melli"[trans 9] | "National Anthem" | 1978–1992 | Suleiman Laeq | Jalīl Ghahlānd | [note 3] | |
 |
"Soroud-e-Melli"[trans 9] | "National Anthem"[8] | 1992–1999, 2002–2006 | Daoud Farani | Ustad Qasim | [note 4] | |
 |
"Haykakan SSH orhnerg"[trans 10] | "Anthem of the Armenian SSR" | 1944–1991 | Sarmen | Aram Khachaturian | — | |
 |
"Gott erhalte Franz den Kaiser" | "God Save Emperor Francis" | 1804–1835 1848–1854 |
Lorenz Leopold Haschka | Joseph Haydn | [note 5] | |
|
"Segen Öst'reichs hohem Sohne" | "Blessings to Austria's high son" | 1835–1848 | Joseph Christian von Zedlitz | Joseph Haydn | [note 5] | |
|
"Volkshymne" | "Anthem of the People" (literally "People's Hymn") | 1854–1867 | Johann Gabriel Seidl | Joseph Haydn | [note 5] | |
 |
"Volkshymne" | "Anthem of the People" | 1867–1918 | Johann Gabriel Seidl | Joseph Haydn | [note 5] | |
 |
"Deutschösterreich, du herrliches Land" | "German Austria, you wonderful country" | 1920–1929 (de facto) |
Karl Renner | Wilhelm Kienzl | — | — |
|
"Sei gesegnet ohne Ende" | "Be Blessed Without End" | 1929–1938 | Ottokar Kernstock | Joseph Haydn | [note 5] | |
 |
"Azərbaycan Sovet Sosialist Respublikasının Himni" | "Anthem of the Azerbaijan Soviet Socialist Republic" | 1944–1992 | Suleyman Rustam Samad Vurgun Huseyn Arif |
Uzeyir Hajibeyov | — | |
 |
"Badnerlied" | "Song of Baden" | 1865–1871 | Unknown | Unknown | — | [note 6] |
 |
"Bayernhymne" | "Hymn of Bavaria" | 1806–1871 | Michael Öchsner | Max Kunz | — | [note 6] |
 |
"Land of the Rising Sun" | — | 1967–1970 | Unknown | Jean Sibelius | — | — |
 (Bantustan) |
"Lefatshe leno la bo-rrarona" | "This Land of Our Forefathers" | 1976–1994 | J. M. Ntsime | E. B. Mathibe J. J. Loots |
— | — |
 |
"Jedna si jedina" | "The One and Only" | 1992–1998 | Edin Dervišhalidović | Edin Dervišhalidović | — | |
 |
"Hino da Independência" | "Hymn of Independence" | 1822–1830 | Evaristo da Veiga | Pedro I of Brazil | — | |
|
"Hino Nacional Brasileiro" | "Brazilian National Anthem" | 1830–1889 | Joaquim Osório Duque Estrada | Francisco Manuel da Silva | [note 7] | |
 |
"Shumi Maritsa"[trans 11] | "Maritsa Rushes" | 1886–1944 | Nikola Zhivkov | Ivan Vazov | [note 8] | |
 |
"Republiko nasha, zdravey!"[trans 13] | "Hail to our Republic!" | 1944–1950 | Krum Penev | Georgi Dimitrov | — | — |
|
"Balgariyo mila"[trans 14] | "Dear Bulgaria" | 1950–1964 | Nikola Furnadshiev Mladen Issaev Elisaveta Bagrjana |
Georgi Dimitrov Georgi Zlatev-Tscherkin Svetoslav Obretenov |
— | — |
 |
"Dzyarzhauny himn BSSR"[trans 15] | "State Hymn of the Byelorussian Soviet Socialist Republic" | 1952–1991 | Nestar Sakalowski | Mihas' Klimovich | — | |
 |
"Song of the Khmer Republic"[trans 16] | "Song of the Khmer Republic" | 1970–1975 | Khieu Chum | Khieu Chum | — | — |
 |
"Dap Prampi Mesa Chokchey"[trans 17] | "Glorious Seventeenth of April" | 1976–1993 | Unknown | Unknown | — | |
 |
"The Maple Leaf Forever" | — | 1867–1939 ("de facto") | Alexander Muir | Alexander Muir | — | |
 |
"Esta É a Nossa Pátria Bem Amada" | "This Is Our Beloved Country" | 1975–1996 | Amílcar Cabral | Amílcar Cabral | — | [note 9] |
 |
"La Granadera" | "The Grenadier" | 1823–1839 | Rómulo Durón | Unknown | — | |
 |
"Li Zhong Tan Yue" [trans 18] | "Tune of Li Zhongtang" | 1896–1906 | Li Hongzhang | Li Hongzhang | — | — |
|
"Song Long Qi"[trans 19] | "Praise the Dragon Flag" | 1906–1911 | "Collective" | "Collective" | — | — |
|
"Gong Jin'ou"[trans 20] | "Cup of Solid Gold" | 1911–1912 | Yan Fu | Bo Tong | — | |
 |
"Zhōngguó xióng lì yǔzhòujiān"[trans 21] | "China Heroically Stands in the Universe" | 1915–1921 | Yin Chang | Wang Lu | — | — |
|
"Qing yun gē"[trans 22] | "The Song to the Auspicious Cloud" | 1921–1926 | Zhang Taiyan | Xiao Youmei | — | |
 |
"Guómín gémìng gē"[trans 23] | "Revolution of the Citizens" | 1926–1928 | Liao Qianwu | Traditional | — | |
 |
"Guójìgē"[trans 24] | "The Internationale" | 1931–1937 | Qu Qiubai | Pierre De Geyter | [10] | |
 (Bantustan) |
"Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika" | "God Bless Africa" | 1976–1994 | Enoch Sontonga | Joseph Parry | — | — |
 |
"Wungwana Ngasi Nuwo" | "We have the Freedom" | 1975–1978 | Unknown | Unknown | — | — |
 |
"God Save the South" | — | 1861–1865 (de facto) |
George Henry Miles | Charles Ellerbrock | [note 10] | |
 |
"Les Trois Glorieuses" | "The Three Glorious Days" | 1969–1991 | Henri Lopès | Philippe Mockouamy | — | — |
 |
"Dio vi Salvi Regina" | "God Save Our Queen" | 1755–1769 (de facto) |
Francis de Geronimo | Francis de Geronimo | — | — |
|
"Dio vi Salvi Regina" | "God Save Our Queen" | 1794–1796 | Francis de Geronimo | Francis de Geronimo | — | — |
 |
"Kde domov můj" "Nad Tatrou sa blýska" |
"Where is my home?" and "Lightning over the Tatras" | 1918–1938 1945–1993 |
Josef Kajetán Tyl Janko Matúška |
František Škroup Unknown |
[note 11] | |
 |
"Für Danzig" | "For Danzig [Gdańsk]" | 1920–1939 | Paul Enderling | Georg Göhler | — | — |
 |
"Eslami ya Misr"[trans 25] | "Be Safe Oh Egypt" | 1923–1936 | Mostafa Saadeq Al-Rafe'ie | Safar Ali | — | [13] |
 |
"Walla Zaman Ya Selahy"[trans 26] | "Oh My Weapon" | 1971–1979 | Salah Jahin | Kamal Al Taweel | — | — |
 |
"Eesti Nõukogude Sotsialistliku Vabariigi hümn" | "Anthem of the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic" | 1945–1991 | Johannes Semper | Gustav Ernesaks | — | |
 |
"Ityopp'ya Hoy Dess Yibelish"[trans 27] | "Ethiopia Be Happy" | 1930–1975 | "Collective" | Kevork Dalbandyan | — | — |
 |
"Ityopp'ya, Ityopp'ya, Ityopp'ya qida mi"[trans 28] | "Ethiopia, Ethiopia, Ethiopia Be First" | 1975–1991 | Assefa Gebre-Mariam Tessama | Daniel Yohannes Haggos | — | — |
 |
"Marche Henri IV / Vive Henri IV" | "Henry IV March / Long Live Henry IV" | 1590-1792 | Unknown | Thoinot Arbeau | — | |
 |
"Chant du départ" | "Song of the Departure" | 1799–1815 | Marie-Joseph Chénier | Étienne Nicolas Méhul | [note 12] | |
 |
"Le Retour des Princes français à Paris" | "The Return of the French Princes to Paris" | 1814–1815 1815–1830 |
Unknown | François-Henri Castil-Blaze | — | |
|
"La Parisienne" | "The Parisian" | 1830–1848 | Casimir Delavigne | Daniel Auber | — | — |
|
"Le Chant des Girondins" | "The Song of Girondists" | 1848–1852 | Alexandre Dumas Auguste Maquet Claude-Joseph Rouget de Lisle |
Alphonse Varney | — | — |
|
"Partant pour la Syrie" | "Departing for Syria" | 1852–1870 | Alexandre de Laborde | Hortense de Beauharnais | — | — |
 |
"Sakartvelos sabch'ota socialist'uri resp'ublikas sakhelmts'ipo himni"[trans 29] | "State Anthem of the Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic" | 1946–1991 | Grigol Abashidze Alexander Abasheli |
Otar Taktakishvili | — | |
 |
"Dideba"[trans 30] | "Praise" | 1918–1920 1990–2004 |
Kote Potskhverashvili | Kote Potskhverashvili | — | |
 |
"Heil dir im Siegerkranz" | "Hail to Thee in Victor's Crown" | 1871–1918 | Heinrich Harries | Unknown | — | |
 |
"Das Lied der Deutschen" | "The Song of the Germans" | 1918–1933 | August Heinrich Hoffmann von Fallersleben | Joseph Haydn | [note 13] | |
 |
"Das Lied der Deutschen" | "The Song of the Germans" | 1933–1945 | August Heinrich Hoffmann von Fallersleben | Joseph Haydn | [note 14] | |
 |
"Das Lied der Deutschen" | "The Song of the Germans" | 1949–1990 | August Heinrich Hoffmann von Fallersleben | Joseph Haydn | [note 15] | |
 |
"Auferstanden aus Ruinen" | "Arisen from Ruins" | 1949–1990 | Johannes R. Becher | Hanns Eisler | — | |
 |
"La Granadera" | "The Grenadier" | 1847–1879 | Rómulo Durón | Unknown | — | |
|
"Himno Popular de Guatemala" | "People's Anthem of Guatemala" | 1879–1896 | Ramón Molina | Rafael Álvarez Ovalle | — | |
 |
"Marcha Libertadora" | "Liberating March" | 1819–1830 | Unknown | Unknown | — | |
 |
"Grenada National State Anthem" | — | 1967–1974 | " Rolstan Percival Jawahir Adams" | "John George Fletcher" | — | |
 |
"Quand nos Aïeux brisèrent leurs entraves" | "When our ancestors broke their chains" | 1893–1904 | Oswald Durand | Unknown | — | — |
 |
"God Save the King" | — | 1810–1860 | Unknown | Unknown | — | |
|
"E Ola Ke Alii Ke Akua" | "God Save the King" | 1860–1866 | Lunalilo | Unknown | — | — |
|
"He Mele Lahui Hawaii" | "The Song of the Hawaiian Nation" | 1866–1876 | Liliuokalani | Unknown | — | — |
|
"Hawaii Ponoi" | "Hawaii's Own True Sons" | 1876–1893 | Kalakaua | Henri Berger | — | — |
 |
"God Save The Queen" "Tin Jau Neo Wong"'[trans 31] |
— | 1841-1941 1945-1997 |
Unknown | Unknown | — | |
 |
"La Granadera" | "The Grenadier" | ca. 1838–1915 | Rómulo Durón | Unknown | — | |
|
"Dios Salve a Honduras" | "God Save Honduras" | ca. 1890-1915 | Unknown | "Laurcano Campos" | — | — |
 |
"Internacionálé" | "The Internationale" | 1919 | Eugène Pottier Ernő Bresztovszky (translation) |
Pierre De Geyter | — | — |
 |
"Salām-e Shāh"[trans 32] | "Royal Salute" | 1873–1909 | None (instrumental) | Alfred Jean Baptiste Lemaire | — | |
 |
"Salāmati-ye Dowlat-e Elliye-ye Irān"[trans 33] | "Salute of Sublime State of Persia" | 1909–1934 | Unknown | Gholam-Reza Minbashian | — | |
 |
"Sorood-e Shahanshahi Iran"[trans 34] | "Imperial Anthem of Iran" | 1934–1979 | Mohammad-Hashem Afsar | Davud Najmi Moghaddam | — | |
|
"Ey Iran"[trans 35] | "Oh Iran" | 1979–1980 | Hossein Gol-e-Golab | Ruhollah Khaleghi | — | |
 |
"Payandeh Bada Iran"[trans 36] | "A Lasting Iran" | 1980–1990 | Abolghasem Halat | Mohammad Beglary-Pour | — | |
 |
"As-Salam al-Malaki" | "Peace to the King" | 1932–1958 | None (instrumental) | A. Chaffon | [note 16] | |
 |
"Walla Zaman Ya Selahy"[14] | "Oh My Weapon"[15] | 1958–1965[15] | Kamal Al Taweel[15] | None (instrumental) | [note 17] | |
 |
"Mawtini"[15] | "My Country"[15] | 1958–1965, 2003–2004[15] | Lewis Zanbaka[15] | None (instrumental)[16] | [note 18] | |
 |
"Ardulfurataini Watan"[trans 37] | "The Land of The Two Rivers" | 1981–2003 | Shafiq Alkamali | Walid Georges Gholmieh | — | |
 |
"Marcia Reale d'Ordinanza" | "Royal March of Ordinance" | 1861–1946 | Unknown | Giuseppe Gabetti | — | |
 |
"Giovinezza" | "Giovinezza" | 1943–1945 | Nino Oxilia | Salvatore Gotta | — | |
 |
"La Katangaise" | "The Katangan" | 1960–1963 | Unknown | S.E. Joseph Kiwele | — | — |
 |
"Qazaq Sovettik Socïalïstik Respwblïkasınıñ memlekettik änuranı"[trans 38] | "Anthem of the Kazakh Soviet Socialist Republic" | 1945–1992 | Abdilda Tazhibaev Sydyk Mukhamedzhanov Gabit Musirepov |
Mukan Tulebayev Yevgeny Brusilovsky Latif Khamidi | [note 19] | |
 |
"Qazaqstan Respwblïkasınıñ memlekettik änuranı"[trans 39] | "Anthem of the Republic of Kazakhstan" | 1992–2006 | Muzafar Alimbayev Kadyr Myrzaliyev Tumanbai Moldigaliyev Zhadyra Daribayeva | Mukan Tulebayev Yevgeny Brusilovsky Latif Khamidi | — | |
 |
"Kyrgyz SSR Mamlekettik Gimni"[trans 40] | "Anthem of the Kirghiz SSR" | 1936–1991 | K. Malikov T. Sydykbekov M. Tokobaev A. Tokombaev. |
Vladimir Vlasov Abdylas Maldybaev Vladimir Fere |
— | |
 |
"Daehan jeguk aegukga"[trans 41] | "Patriotic song of the Great Korean Empire" | 1902–1910 | Unknown | Franz Eckert | — | — |
 |
"Kimigayo" | "His Imperial Majesty's Reign" | 1910–1945 | Unknown | Franz Eckert | — | |
 |
"As-salām al-amīrī"[trans 42] | "Amiri Salute" | 1951–1978 | None (instrumental) | Yusuf Adees | [note 20] | |
 |
"Pheng Xat Lao"[trans 43] | "Anthem of the Lao people" | 1951–1975 | Thongdy Sounthonevichit | Thongdy Sounthonevichit | — | [note 21] |
 |
"Latvijas Padomju Sociālistiskās Republikas himna" | "Anthem of the Latvian Soviet Socialist Republic" | 1945–1991 | Fricis Rokpelnis Jūlijs Vanags |
Anatols Liepiņš | — | |
 |
"Lībīya, Lībīya, Lībīya"[trans 44] | "Libya, Libya, Libya" | 1951–1969 | Al Bashir Al Arebi | Mohammed Abdel Wahab | [note 22] | |
 |
"Allahu Akbar"[trans 45] | "God is Greatest" | 1969–2011 | Mahmood El-Sharif | Abdalla Shams El-Din | — | |
 |
"Lietuvos Tarybų Socialistinės Respublikos himnas" | "Anthem of the Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic" | 1950–1991 | Antanas Venclova | Balys Dvarionas Jonas Švedas |
— | |
 |
"A Portuguesa" | "The Portuguese" | 1911–1999 | Henrique Lopes de Mendonça | Alfredo Keil | [note 23] | |
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"Ey Reqîb" | "Oh Enemy" | 1945–1947 | Dildar | Unknown | — | [note 24] |
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"Hymne du Mali" | "National Anthem of Mali" | 1960 | Léopold Sédar Senghor | Banzumana Sissoko | — | — |
 |
"Ij Io̧kwe Ļo̧k Aelōn̄ Eo Aō" | "I Love the Islands" | 1986–1991 | Unknown | Samuel Langrine | — | — |
 |
"Preamble" | 1989–1991 | Unknown | Unknown | — | — | |
 |
"Imnul de Stat al RSS Moldoveneşti" | "State Anthem of the Moldavian SSR" | 1945–1991 | Emilian Bukov Ivan Bodarev |
Ştefan Neaga Eduard Lazarev |
— | |
 |
"Ubavoj nam Crnoj Gori"[trans 46] | "Our Beautiful Montenegro" | 1910–1918 | Jovan Sundečić | Jovo Ivanišević | — | |
 |
"Viva, Viva a FRELIMO" | "Long Live FRELIMO" | 1975–2002 | Justino Sigaulane Chemane | Justino Sigaulane Chemane | — | |
 |
"Rastriya Gaan"[trans 47] | "May Glory Crown Our Illustrious Sovereign" | 1899–2007 | Chakrapani Chalise | Bakhatbir Budhapirthi | — | |
 |
"Wien Neêrlands Bloed" | "Those in whom Dutch blood" | 1815–1932 | Hendrik Tollens | Johann Wilhelm Wilms | — | |
 |
"Het Wilhelmus"[trans 48] | "The William / William of Nassau" | 1932–1943 | Philips of Marnix, or Dirck Coornhert or Petrus Dathenus | Adrianus Valerius | — | |
 |
"Anthem without a title" | — | 2000–2010 | Zahira Hiliman Lucille Berry-Haseth |
Zahira Hiliman | — | — |
 |
"Ode to Newfoundland" | — | 1907–1949 | Cavendish Boyle | Hubert Parry | — | [note 25] |
 |
"Hermosa Soberana" | "Beautiful and Sovereign" | 1893–1910 | Unknown | Alejandro Cousin | — | — |
 |
"Nigeria We Hail Thee" | — | 1960–1978 | Lilian Jean Williams | Frances Benda | — | — |
 |
"Norges Skaal" | "Toast to Norway" | 1771–1819 | Johan Nordahl Bruhn | Unknown | — | — |
 |
"Sønner av Norge" | "Sons of Norway" | 1820–c.1905 | Henrik Anker Bjerregaard | Christian Blom | — | — |
 |
"Heil dir, o Oldenburg" | "Hail to thee, o Oldenburg" | 1844–1871 | Theodor von Kobbe | Cecilia, Grand Duchess of Oldenburg | — | [note 6] |
 |
"Heft, Burgers, 't lied der vrijheid" | "Sing, Citizens, the song of Freedom" | 1854–1902 | H. A. L. Hamelberg | W. F. G. Nicolai | — | [18] |
 |
"Mahmudiye Marşı" | "March of Mahmud" | 1829–1839 1918–1922 |
None (instrumental) | Giuseppe Donizetti | — | [note 26] |
|
"Mecidiye Marşı" | "March of Abdülmecid" | 1839–1861 | None (instrumental) | Giuseppe Donizetti | — | — |
|
"Aziziye Marşı" | "March of Abdülaziz" | 1861–1876 | None (instrumental) | Callisto Guatelli | — | |
|
"Hamidiye Marşı" | "March of Abdulhamid" | 1876–1909 | Unknown | Necip Paşa | — | |
|
"Reşadiye Marşı" | "March of Mehmed Reşad" | 1909–1918 | Unknown | Italo Selvelli | — | |
 |
"Mawtini" | "My Homeland" | 1988-1996 | Ibrahim Tuqan | Mohammed Flayfel | ||
 |
"Noi vogliam Dio, Vergine Maria" | "Virgin Mary, We Desire God" | 1800–1857 | Unknown | Unknown | — | — |
|
"Marcia trionfale" | "Triumphal March" | 1857–1869 | None (instrumental) | Viktorin Hallmayer | [note 27] | |
 |
"Marangal na Dalit ng Katagalugan" | "Noble Hymn of the Tagalogs" | 1895–1899 | Juan Nakpil | Juan Nakpil | — | — |
 |
"Bogurodzica" | "Mother of God" | 0977-1795 | Adalbert of Prague | Adalbert of Prague | [note 28] | |
 |
"Hymno Patriótico" | "Patriotic Hymn" | 1809–1826 | Unknown | Marcos António Portugal | — | |
 |
"Hino da Carta" | "Hymn to the Charter" | 1826–1911 | Pedro IV of Portugal | Pedro IV of Portugal | — | |
 |
"Borussia" | "Prussia" | 1820–1830 | Joseph Friedrich Leopold Dunker | Gaspare Spontini | — | — |
|
"Preußenlied" | "Song of Prussia" | 1830–1840 | Bernhard Thiersch | August Neithardt | — | — |
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"God Save The Queen" | — | 1953–1963 | Unknown | Unknown | — | |
 |
"God Save the Queen" | — | 1965–1970 | Unknown | Unknown | [note 29][19] | |
 |
"Rise, O Voices of Rhodesia" | — | 1974–1979 | Mary Bloom | Ludwig van Beethoven | [note 29][19] | |
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"Trăiască Regele" | "Long live the King" | 1881–1947 | Vasile Alecsandri | Eduard Hübsch | — | [20] |
 |
"Zdrobite cătuşe" | "Broken Handcuffs" | 1948–1953 | Aurel Baranga | Matei Socor | — | [20] |
 |
"Te slăvim, Românie" | "We glorify thee, Romania" | 1953–1977 | Eugen Frunză Dan Deşliu |
Matei Socor | [20] | |
|
"Trei culori" | "Three Colours" | 1977–1989 | Unknown; adapted from the original "Cântecul tricolorului" | Ciprian Porumbescu | [20] | |
 |
"Molitva russkikh"[trans 49] | "The Prayer of Russians" | 1816–1833 | Vasily Zhukovsky | Unknown (same tune as "God Save the Queen") | — | |
|
"Bozhe, Tsarya khrani!"[trans 1] | "God Save the Tsar!" | 1833–1917 | Vasily Zhukovsky | Alexei Lvov | — | |
|
"Rabochaya Marselyeza"[trans 50] | "Worker's Marseillaise" | 1917 | Pyotr Lavrov | Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle | — | |
 |
"Rabochaya Marselyeza"[trans 50] | "Worker's Marseillaise" | 1917–1918 | Pyotr Lavrov | Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle | [note 30] | |
|
"Internatsional"[trans 51] | "The Internationale" | 1917–1944 | Eugène Pottier | Pierre De Geyter | [note 30] | |
 |
"Patrioticheskaya Pesnya"'[trans 52] | "The Patriotic Song" | 1990–2000 | None (instrumental) | Mikhail Glinka | [21] | |
 |
"Rwanda Rwacu" | "Our Rwanda" | 1962–2002 | Michael Habarurema Abanyuramatwi |
Michael Habarurema Abanyuramatwi |
— | — |
 |
"Giubilanti d'amore fraterno" | "Praise of Brotherly Love" | ?–1896 | Ulisse Balsimelli | Aurelio Muccioli | — | — |
 |
"Gone Forth Beyond the Sea" | — | ?–1946 | Margaret Brooke | Unknown | — | — |
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"Fair Land Sarawak" | — | 1946–1973 | FC Ogden | George Freeth | — | — |
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"S'hymnu sardu nationale" | "The Sardinian National Anthem" | 1842–1861 | Vittorio Angius | Giovanni Gonella | — | — |
 |
"Sachsen Hymne" | "Hymn of Saxony" | 1806–1871 | Maximilian Hallbauer | Ernst Julius Otto | — | [note 6] |
 |
"السلام الملكي السعودي" | "The Royal Saudi Anthem" | 1953–1984 | Ibrahim Khafaji | Abdul Rahman Al-Khateeb | — | — |
 |
"Hej, Sloveni" | "Hey, Slavs" | 1992–2006 | Samuel Tomášik | Michał Kleofas Ogiński | [note 2] | |
 |
"En Avant" | "Forward" | 1976–1978 | Unknown | Unknown | — | — |
 |
"Fyer Seselwa" | "Be Proud Seychellois" | 1978–1996 | Unknown | Pierre Dastros-Géze | — | — |
 |
"Phleng Sansoen Phra Barami"[trans 53] | "Siamese Royal Anthem" | 1913–1932 | Narisara Nuvadtivongs Vajiravudh |
Unknown | [note 31] | |
 |
"Naprej, zastava slave" | "Forward, Flag of Glory" | 1860–1989 | Simon Jenko | Davorin Jenko | [note 32] | |
 |
"Heesta qaranqa Soomaaliya" | "National anthem of Somalia" | 1960–2000 | None (instrumental) | Giuseppe Blanc | — | — |
|
"Soomaaliyeey toosoo" | "Somalia, Wake Up" | 2000–2012 | Ali Mire Awale | Ali Mire Awale Yusuf Haji Aden |
[note 33] | |
 |
"Die Stem van Suid-Afrika" | "The Call of South Africa" | 1957–1994, 1994–1997 | Cornelis Jacobus Langenhoven | Marthinus Lourens de Villiers | [note 34][24] | |
 |
"Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika" | "Lord Bless Africa" | 1994–1997 | Enoch Sontonga | Joseph Parry and Enoch Sontonga | [note 34][24] | |
 |
"Volkslied van Transvaal" | "People's Song of the Transvaal" | 1875–1902 | Catharina van Rees | Catharina van Rees | [25] | |
 |
"Internatsional"[trans 51] | "The Internationale" | 1922–1944 | Eugène Pottier | Pierre De Geyter | — | |
 |
"Gosudarstvenniy Gimn SSSR"[trans 54] | "Hymn of the Soviet Union" | 1944–1991 | Sergey Mikhalkov | Alexander Alexandrov | — | |
 |
"Himno de Riego" | "Anthem of Riego" | 1931–1939 | José Melchor Gomis | José Melchor Gomis | [26] | |
 |
"Rufst du, mein Vaterland" | "When you call, my fatherland" | c. 1850–1961 | Johann Rudolf Wyss Henri Roehrich |
Unknown (same tune as "God Save the Queen") | [27] | |
 |
"Gimni Respublikai Sovetii Sotsialistii Tojikiston"[trans 55] | "State Anthem of the Tajik Soviet Socialist Republic" | 1946–1994 | Abolqasem Lahouti | Suleiman Yudakov | — | |
 (Bantustan) |
"Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika" | "God Bless Africa" | 1976–1994 | Enoch Sontonga | Joseph Parry | — | — |
 |
"Salam al-Bey"[trans 56] | "Beylical Salute" | 1846–1958 | Unknown | Unknown | — | — |
 |
"Ala Khallidi"[trans 57] | "Immortal and Precious" | 1958–1987 | Jalaleddine Naccache | Salah El Mahdi | — | — |
 |
"İstiklâl Marşı" | "Independence March" | 1924–1930 | Mehmet Akif Ersoy | Osman Zeki Üngör | — | |
 |
"Türkmienistan Soviet Socialistik Riespublikasy Döwlet Gimni" | "State Anthem of the Turkmen Soviet Socialist Republic" | 1946–1997 | Aman Kekilov | Veli Mukhatov | [note 35] | |
 |
"Inno al Re" | "Hymn to the King" | 1816–1861 | Unknown | Giovanni Paisiello | — | — |
 |
"Derzhavnyy himn URSR"[trans 58] | "State Anthem of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic" | 1949–1991 | Anton Dmytrovych Lebednyets | Pavlo Tychyna | — | |
 |
"Walla Zaman Ya Selahy"[trans 26] | "Oh My Weapon" | 1960–1971 | Salah Jahin | Kamal Al Taweel | — | — |
 |
"My Country, 'Tis of Thee" | — | c. 1831–1931 (de facto) |
Samuel Francis Smith | Unknown (same tune as "God Save the Queen") | [note 1] | |
 |
"Hymne National Voltaïque" | "Voltaique National Anthem" | 1960–1984 | Robert Ouedraogo | Robert Ouedraogo | — | — |
 |
"O'zbekiston Sovet Sotsialist Respublikasining davlat madhiyasi" | "State Anthem of the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic" | 1947–1992 | Timur Fattah Turab Tula |
Mutal Burkhanov | — | |
 |
"Marcia trionfale" | "Triumphal March" | 1869–1950 | None (instrumental) | Viktorin Hallmayer | [note 27] | |
 (Bantustan) |
"Pfano na vhuthihi" | "Peace and Togetherness" | 1979–1994 | Unknown | Unknown | — | — |
| Nguyễn Vietnam | "Đăng đàn cung" | "The King mounts his throne" | 1802–1945 | Ung Thieu | J.B. Chaigneau | — | — |
 |
"Tiếng Gọi Công Dân" | "Call to the Citizens" | 1955–1975 | Luu Huu Phuoc | Luu Huu Phuoc | [note 36] | |
 |
"Giải phóng miền Nam" | "Liberate the South" | 1975-1976 | Luu Huu Phuoc | Luu Huu Phuoc | — | |
 |
"Hai Tanahku Papua" | "Oh My Land Papua" | 1961–1963 | Izaak Samuel Kijne | Izaak Samuel Kijne | — | — |
 |
"Württemberger Hymne" | "Hymn of Württemberg" | 1806–1871 | Unknown | Peter Josef von Lindpaintner | — | [note 6] |
 |
"Himna Kraljevine Jugoslavije" | "Hymn of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia" | 1918–1941 | Jovan Đorđević Antun Mihanović Simon Jenko |
Davorin Jenko Josif Runjanin |
[note 37] | |
 |
"Hej, Sloveni" | "Hey, Slavs" | 1977–1992 | Samuel Tomášik | Michał Kleofas Ogiński | [30] | |
 |
"La Zaïroise" | "The Zairian" | 1972–1997 | Joseph Lutumba | Simon-Pierre Boka Di Mpasi Londi | — | |
 |
"Ishe Komborera Africa" | "God Bless Africa" | 1980–1994 | Enoch Sontonga | Joseph Parry | — | [note 38] |
See also
Notes
- 1 2 "My Country, 'Tis of Thee" is generally considered to have been the "de facto" national anthem of the United States prior to 1931, but not universally. Alternatives included "Hail, Columbia", and the modern anthem, "The Star-Spangled Banner".[28][29]
- 1 2 Serbia and Montenegro was called the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia until 4 February 2003.[22]
- ↑ Also known by the title of "Garam shah lā garam shah" (English: "Be ardent, be more ardent").
- ↑ Also known by the title of "Qal’a-ye Islam, qalb-e Asiya" (English: "Fortress of Islam, heart of Asia").
- 1 2 3 4 5 The same tune was used for numerous Austrian and Austro-Hungarian national anthems; only the lyrics changed. Although the official lyrics were in German, versions of the anthems used during the imperial period (until 1918) existed in several other languages from throughout the empire: Croatian, Czech, Hungarian, Italian, Polish and Slovene.[9]
- 1 2 3 4 5 The anthems of the previously independent German kingdoms and duchies continued to be used as regional anthems until the fall of the German Empire in 1918.
- ↑ Brazil became a republic in 1888, but retained "Hino Nacional Brasileiro" as its national anthem.
- ↑ From 1908 a royal anthem, "Anthem of His Majesty the Tsar",[trans 12] was adopted and played immediately after the anthem whenever the monarch was present.
- ↑ "Esta É a Nossa Pátria Bem Amada" was adopted in 1975 by both Cape Verde and Guinea-Bissau on their respective independence from Portugal. Cape Verde introduced a unique anthem in 1996, but it remains the national anthem of Guinea-Bissau.
- ↑ The Confederate States never adopted an official national anthem. The Civil War Trust firmly states that the "honor rightly belongs to" "God Save the South", the first piece of music published in the Confederacy, "because of its stirring poetry and its outstanding musical setting". Commonly cited alternatives include the popular song "Dixie" and "The Bonnie Blue Flag", a marching song.[11][12]
- ↑ Only the first verses of each anthem were sung during the union of the Czech lands with Slovakia.
- ↑ Although it is the first to appear on this list, "Chant du départ" was not the original national anthem of France; "La Marseillaise", the modern national anthem, was originally used from 1795 to 1799. It was readopted in 1870.
- ↑ During Germany's Weimar period, all three verses of "Das Lied der Deutschen" were sung, whereas today only the third verse is sung.
- ↑ During Germany's Nazi period, only the first verse of "Das Lied der Deutschen" was sung, and followed by "Horst-Wessel-Lied", the SA song written by Horst Wessel.
- ↑ Only the third verse, as well as today.
- ↑ Title also given as "The Royal Salute" (Arabic: السلام الملكي)
- ↑ Title in Arabic: والله زمان يا سلاحي
- ↑ Not to be confused with the current Iraqi national anthem, which shares the same name.[15]
- ↑ The same melody was used for the Kazakhstan national anthem in the early years of independence, before it was replaced with the current anthem, "Meniñ Qazaqstanım".
- ↑ The modern national anthem of Kuwait, adopted in 1978, retains "Amiri Salute" in its entirety as an opening fanfare.[17]
- ↑ After the founding of the present Lao People's Democratic Republic, "Pheng Xat Lao" had its words, but not its music, changed.
- ↑ "Lībīya, Lībīya, Lībīya" was relinquished in 1969, was but re-adopted as the national anthem of Libya after the victory of the National Transitional Council over the Gaddafi regime in 2011, the only difference being the omission of a verse glorifying King Idris.
- ↑ From 1802 until 1911 the anthem of Macau was "Hymno Patriótico" followed by "Hino da Carta", the same as that of Portugal.
- ↑ The song "Ey Reqîb" is still used as the regional anthem of Iraqi Kurdistan, and as the anthem of the Kurdish people in general.
- ↑ When Newfoundland joined the Canadian Confederation in 1949, "Ode to Newfoundland" lost its status as a national anthem. The Canadian province of Newfoundland became the first to adopt a provincial anthem in 1980 when the song was readopted.
- ↑ The last Ottoman sultan, Mehmed VI, decided not to have a special march for himself, but used the first Ottoman anthem, "Mahmudiye".
- 1 2 The Papal States became part of Italy in 1869, but the anthem was retained as the Vatican City's first anthem until 1950.
- ↑ Bogurodzica was created somewhere between the 10th and 13th centuries. Adalbert of Prague is believed to be the creator of the Polish hymn by most scholars; he lived between 956 and 997. Bogurodzica was used as the national anthem of the Kingdom of Poland from its creation until 1795 with the end of the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland
- 1 2 Rhodesia's 1965 Unilateral Declaration of Independence (UDI) went unrecognised by the United Kingdom and the United Nations, both of which continued to consider Rhodesia to be the British colony of Southern Rhodesia. Despite declaring independence, the "de facto" Rhodesian government still maintained loyalty to Elizabeth II and so retained Britain's national anthem, "God Save the Queen", until it declared Rhodesia a republic in 1970. A replacement anthem was not adopted until 1974, when "Rise, O Voices of Rhodesia" came into use. "God Save the Queen" remained Rhodesia's "de jure" national anthem throughout the UDI period of 1965 to 1979.
- 1 2 The "Worker's Marseillaise" was briefly used alongside "The Internationale" by the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic from 1917 to 1918.
- ↑ Although replaced as national anthem in 1932, "Sansoen Phra Barami" was retained as Siam's (and, following the country's change of name in 1939, Thailand's) royal anthem.
- ↑ "Naprej, zastava slave" is still used by the Slovenian Armed Forces as its official song.
- ↑ Served as Somalia's national anthem until 2012, when it was replaced with "Qolobaa Calankeed".
- 1 2 "The Call of South Africa" and "God Bless Africa" became co-national anthems of South Africa in 1994. The modern South African national anthem, adopted in 1997, uses elements from each in separate segments.[23]
- ↑ The anthem continued to be used in the early years of Turkmenistan's independence, until the adoption of the current anthem in 1997.
- ↑ The song was originally called "Thanh Niên Hành Khúc" (English: "March of the Youths"); the title and words were altered significantly when it became national anthem, though the music remained the same. Luu Huu Phuoc was still officially credited for both the music and the lyrics.
- ↑ The anthem was a medley of "Bože pravde", "Lijepa naša domovino" and "Naprej, zastava slave", the anthems of Serbia, Croatia and Slovenia respectively.
- ↑ "Ishe Komborera Africa" is a translation of "Nkosi Sikelel' iAfrika" from Xhosa into Shona and Ndebele.
Translations and transliterations
- 1 2 Russian: Боже, Царя храни!; transliterated as Bozhe, Tsarya khrani!
- ↑ Translates from Dutch as "The William"
- ↑ Translates from French as "The Return of the French Princes to Paris"
- ↑ Translates from German as "Hail to Thee in Victor's Crown"
- ↑ Translates from German as "The Song of the Germans"
- ↑ Translates from German as "God save Emperor Francis"
- ↑ Russian: Государственный гимн СССР; transliterated as Gosudarstvenniy Gimn SSSR
- ↑ Translates from Serbo-Croatian as "Hey, Slavs"
- 1 2 3 Persian: سرود ملی
- ↑ Armenian: "Հայկական ՍՍՀ օրհներգ"
- ↑ Bulgarian: "Шуми Марица"
- ↑ Bulgarian: "Химн на Негово Величество Царя"; transliterated as "Himn na Negovo Velichestvo Tsarya"
- ↑ Bulgarian: "Републико наша, здравей!"
- ↑ Bulgarian: "Бъларио мила"
- ↑ Belarusian: "Дзяржаўны гімн БССР"
- ↑ Khmer: បទចំរៀងនៃសាធារណរដ្ឋខ្មែរ
- ↑ Khmer: ដប់ប្រាំពីរមេសាមហាជោគជ័យ
- ↑ Chinese: 李中堂乐
- ↑ Chinese: 颂龙旗
- ↑ Chinese: 鞏金甌
- ↑ Chinese: 中國雄立宇宙間
- ↑ Chinese: 卿云歌
- ↑ Chinese: 國民革命歌
- ↑ Chinese: 国际歌
- ↑ Egyptian Arabic: اسلمى يا مصر
- 1 2 Egyptian Arabic: والله زمان يا سلاحي
- ↑ Amharic: ኢትዮጵያ ሆይ ደስ ይበልሽ
- ↑ Amharic: ኢትዮጵያ, ኢትዮጵያ, ኢትዮጵያ ቅደሚ
- ↑ Georgian: "საქართველოს საბჭოთა სოციალისტური რესპუბლიკის სახელმწიფო ჰიმნი"
- ↑ Georgian: "დიდება"
- ↑ Chinese: 天佑女王
- ↑ Persian: سلام شاه
- ↑ Persian: سلامتی دولت علیهٔ ایران
- ↑ Persian: سرود شاهنشاهی ایران
- ↑ Persian: ای ایران
- ↑ Persian: پاینده بادا ایران
- ↑ Iraqi Arabic: أرض الفراتين
- ↑ Kazakh: "Қазақ Советтiк Социалистік Республикасының мемлекеттік әнұраны"
- ↑ Kazakh: "Қазақстан Республикасының Мемлекеттік Әнұраны"
- ↑ Kirghiz: "Кыргыз ССР Мамлекеттик Гимни"
- ↑ Korean: 대한제국 애국가
- ↑ Arabic: السلام الأميري
- ↑ Lao: ເພງຊາດລາວ
- ↑ Libyan Arabic: لیبیا، لیبیا، لیبیا
- ↑ Libyan Arabic: الله أكبر
- ↑ Serbian Cyrillic: "Убавој нам Црној Гори"
- ↑ Nepali: राष्ट्रिय गान्
- ↑ Melayu:"Willem dari Nassou"
- ↑ Russian: "Молитва русских"
- 1 2 Russian: "Рабочая Марсельеза"
- 1 2 Russian: "Интернационал"
- ↑ Russian: "Патриотическая Песня"
- ↑ Thai: เพลงสรรเสริญพระบารมี
- ↑ Russian: "Государственный гимн СССР"
- ↑ Tajik: "Гимни Республикаи Советии Сотсиалистии Тоҷикистон"
- ↑ Arabic: سلام الباي
- ↑ Arabic: ألا خلّدي
- ↑ Ukrainian: "Державний гімн УРСР"
References
- General
- Bristow, Michael Jamieson (2006-10-28). National Anthems of the World. Cassell. ISBN 0-304-36826-1.
- Bristow, Michael Jamieson. "History of anthems". Retrieved 2011-06-20.
- Hang, Xing (2003-09-28). Encyclopedia of National Anthems. The Scarecrow Press. ISBN 0-8108-4847-3.
- Leonard, Hal (1996-01-01). National Anthems from Around the World. Hal Leonard Corporation. ISBN 0-7935-6079-9.
- Sousa, John Philip (1890). National, patriotic and typical airs of all lands: with copious notes. H. Coleman.
- "nationalanthems.info".
- Specific
- ↑ "Anthem". Reference.com. Lexico Publishing Group. Retrieved 2008-06-26.
- ↑ "The Dutch Royal House". Dutch Royal House. Archived from the original on 2008-02-10. Retrieved 2008-04-17.
- ↑ "Lost for words". The Economist. 2007-07-26. Retrieved 2008-04-17.
- ↑ "National Anthem". Russia's State Symbols. RIA Novosti. 2007-06-07. Retrieved 2009-12-20.
- ↑ Zolotov, Andrei (2000-12-01). "Russian Orthodox Church Approves as Putin Decides to Sing to a Soviet Tune". Christianity Today Magazine. Christianity Today International. Retrieved 2009-12-19.
- ↑ "Serbia Montenegro song falls flat". London: BBC Sport. 2004-08-11. Retrieved 2011-06-21.
- 1 2 Bristow. "Afghanistan National Anthem (1943-1973)". Retrieved 2011-06-21.
- ↑ Language Context (21 August 2016). "National anthems - Islamic State of Afghanistan (1992-2006) - Lyrics + Translation in Subtitles" – via YouTube.
- 1 2 3 4 5 Jones, David Wyn (2009). Oxford Composer Companions: Haydn. Oxford: Oxford University Press. p. 120.
- ↑ "History of Chinese national anthems in a hundred years". People's Daily (in Chinese). Communist Party of China. Retrieved 2011-07-15.
- ↑ "Civil War Music: God Save the South". Washington, D.C.: Civil War Trust. Archived from the original on 2010-10-26. Retrieved 2011-07-22.
- ↑ Sacks, Howard L.; Sacks, Judith (1993). Way up North in Dixie: A Black Family's Claim to the Confederate Anthem. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. p. 4. ISBN 0-252-07160-3.
- ↑ "The social and cultural conception of Mustafa Sadiq Alrafii". Asian and African Studies. Jerusalem Academic Press. 13: 101–129. 1979. ISSN 0066-8281.
- ↑ "Iraq (1965-1981)". www.nationalanthems.info.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Schaffer, Edward; Scotland, Jan; Popp, Reinhard (2017). "Iraq (1958-1965, 2003-2004)". NationalAnthems.info. Archived from the original on December 1, 2017. Retrieved November 30, 2017.
- ↑ Wetzel, Dan (August 24, 2004). "One last chance". Yahoo! Sports. Yahoo!. Retrieved December 4, 2017.
The song is 'My Country.' It is relatively short, contains no words and was composed by a man named Lewis Zanbaka...
- ↑ "National anthem". Kuwait Info. Government of Kuwait. Retrieved 2011-07-18.
- ↑ Sousa 1890, p. 180
- 1 2 Bristow. "Rhodesia". Retrieved 2011-06-20.
- 1 2 3 4 Bristow. "Romania". Retrieved 2011-06-20.
- ↑ Bristow. "Russian Federation". Retrieved 2011-06-21.
- ↑ "Timeline: after Milosevic". London: BBC News. 2006-06-06. Retrieved 2011-06-21.
- ↑ "National anthem". Government of South Africa. Retrieved 2011-06-21.
- 1 2 3 Bristow. "South Africa". Retrieved 2011-06-20.
- ↑ Sousa 1890, p. 253
- ↑ "The 10... most preposterous opening ceremonies". The Observer. London: Guardian News and Media. 2004-01-18. Retrieved 2011-06-20.
- ↑ Kreis, Georg (1991). Der Mythos von 1291. Zur Entstehung des schweizerischen Nationalfeiertages. Basel: F. Reinhardt. pp. 67–69.
- ↑ Snyder, Lois Leo (1990). Encyclopedia of Nationalism. Paragon House. p. 13. ISBN 1-55778-167-2.
- ↑ Barton, Laura (2009-01-23). "Hail, Hail, Rock'n'Roll". The Guardian. London: Guardian News and Media. Retrieved 2011-06-21.
- ↑ Bristow. "Yugoslavia". Retrieved 2011-06-20.
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