Patrioticheskaya Pesnya
| English: "The Patriotic Song" | |
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| Patriotíčeskaja pésnja | |
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Former national anthem of  Former state anthem of the  | |
| Also known as |
Патриотическая Песнь Глинки English: "The Patriotic Song of Mikhail Glinka" |
| Music | Mikhail Glinka, 1833 |
| Adopted | November 23, 1990 |
| Relinquished | December 27, 2000 |
| Audio sample | |
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"The Patriotic Song" (instrumental)
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"The Patriotic Song" (Russian: Патриоти́ческая пе́сня, tr. Patriotíčeskaja pésnja, IPA: [pətrʲɪɐˈtʲit͡ɕɪskəjə ˈpʲesʲnʲə]), also known as "The Patriotic Song of Glinka" (Russian: Патриоти́ческая Песнь Гли́нки, tr. Patriotíčeskaja Pesnj Glínki, IPA: [pətrʲɪɐˈtʲit͡ɕɪskəjə pʲesʲnʲ ˈɡlʲinkʲɪ]), was the state and national anthem of the Russian SFSR and of the Russian Federation respectively, from 1990 to 2000. It was originally the state anthem of the Russian SFSR from 1990 to 1991 before its successor state the Russian Federation was constituted in 1991.
History
The song originally was not a song but a composition for piano without lyrics, written by Mikhail Glinka (1804–1857) and entitled (in French) Motif de chant national. The song has been confused with the closing chorus of Glinka's opera A Life for the Tsar, probably because both begin with the same word ("Slav’sya"), but the two compositions are unrelated (though the operatic music, too, has been suggested as a candidate for the Russian national anthem).
The melody of the "Patriotic song" resembles the melody of the Lenten hymn Christe, qui lux es et dies, by the Polish composer Venceslaus Samotulinus (1526–1560)—which is not surprising because of the Polish roots of Glinka's family.
In the 1990 Boris Yeltsin chose the tune as the new Russian national anthem and was officially adopted on 23 November 1990 by the Supreme Soviet of Russia,[1] and confirmed in 1993 when the Constitution of the Russian Federation was enacted.[2] Also favored by the Russian Orthodox Church, the music went without lyrics for several years. In 1999 Viktor Radugin won a contest to provide suitable words for the anthem with his poem Sláv'sya, Rossíya! (Russian: Сла́вься, Росси́я!, lit. 'Be glorious, Russia!'). However, no lyrics and none of the entries were ever adopted.
This anthem proved to be unpopular with the Russian public and with many politicians and public figures, because of its tune and lack of lyrics, and consequently its inability to inspire Russian athletes during international competitions.[3]
Glinka's anthem was replaced soon after Yeltsin's successor as President of the Russian Federation, Vladimir Putin, first took office on 7 May 2000. The federal legislature established and approved the music of the National Anthem of the Soviet Union, with newly written lyrics, in December 2000.[3] Yeltsin criticized Putin for supporting the reintroduction of the Soviet-era national anthem, although opinion polls showed that many Russians favored this decision.[4]
Unofficial lyrics to "Славься, Россия!" by Viktor Radugin
| Russian | Transliteration | IPA transcription | English Translation |
|---|---|---|---|
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Славься, славься, родина-Россия! Над старинным московским Кремлём |
Slavjsja, slavjsja, rodina-Rossija! Nad starinnym moskovskim Kremljom |
ˈslaf⁽ʲ⁾sʲə, ˈslaf⁽ʲ⁾sʲə, ˈrodʲɪnə-rɐˈsʲijə nət stɐˈrʲinːɨm mɐˈskofskʲɪm krʲɪˈmlʲɵm |
Be glorious, be glorious, motherland-Russia! Above the ancient Moscow Kremlin |
Above the Motherland Majestically
Above the Motherland Majestically (Russian: Над Отчи́зной Велича́во, tr. Nad Otchíznoy Velichávo) by Vladimir Kalinkin, written in 1998 was another proposed set of lyrics. Performed by honored Russian artist Vladimir Detayov, the Duma was made aware of this piece's existence in April 1999. At the initiative of the Ministry of Ethnic Policy of Russia, this record was first publicly presented at the First Congress of the Assembly of Peoples of Russia. During the summer of that year, the anthem was performed on the radio station "Radio of Russia" and the TV channel "Moskoviya", devoted to writing the text of the anthem of the country.
In January 2000, was carried out in a new orchestral arrangement demo studio recording of this project anthem performed by the National Academic Orchestra of Folk Instruments Russia it. NP Osipova and the Russian State Academic Choir of them. AV Sveshnikov. Overall the song received very positive reviews, although like "Slav'sya Rossiya", never attained official status.
Unofficial lyrics
These are the unofficial lyrics of "Над Отчизной величаво!", written by V.M. Kalinkin (В. М. Калинкин).
| Russian | Transliteration | English Translation |
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Над Отчизной величаво – Ты – духовностью богата Единением народов Над Отчизной величаво – |
Nad Otčiznoj veličavo – Ty — duhovnostjju bogata Jedinenijem narodov Nad Otčiznoj veličavo – |
Above the Motherland majestically - You — rich in spirituality Through unity of its peoples, Above the Motherland majestically - |
See also
Notes
References
- ↑ "On the National Anthem of the Russian SFSR". Decree of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian SFSR. pravo.levonevsky.org. November 23, 1990.
- ↑ "On the National Anthem of the Russian Federation". Ukase of the President of the Russian Federation. infopravo.by.ru. December 11, 1993.
- 1 2 "The Russian National Anthem and the problem of National Identity in the 21st Century". The Great Britain - Russia Society. gbrussia.org.
- ↑ "BBC News – EUROPE – Yeltsin attacks Putin over anthem". bbc.co.uk. December 7, 2000.
External links
- Russian national anthems, including the score for Glinka's tune
- Russian Anthems Museum, including MP3 recordings of Glinka's anthem with and without words
- Glinka - the author of Russian national anthem in Russian. by K.Kovalev - Eng. Bortniansky's anthem "Kol slaven" - Eng.
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