Carcar

Carcar
Component City
City of Carcar
Carcar from the bell tower of St. Catherine of Alexandria church

Map of Cebu with Carcar highlighted
Carcar
Location within the Philippines
Coordinates: 10°07′N 123°38′E / 10.12°N 123.63°E / 10.12; 123.63Coordinates: 10°07′N 123°38′E / 10.12°N 123.63°E / 10.12; 123.63
Country  Philippines
Region Central Visayas (Region VII)
Province Cebu
District 1st district of Cebu
Founded 1599
Cityhood 2007
Barangays 15 (see Barangays)
Government [1]
 • Type Sangguniang Panlungsod
 • Mayor Nicepuro Apura
 • Vice Mayor Patrick Barcenas
 • Congressman Gerald Gullas
 • Electorate 63,285 voters (2016)
Area [2]
 • Total 116.78 km2 (45.09 sq mi)
Elevation 63 m (207 ft)
Population (2015 census)[3]
 • Total 119,664
 • Density 1,000/km2 (2,700/sq mi)
Time zone UTC+8 (PST)
ZIP code 6019
PSGC 072214000
IDD : area code  +63 (0)32
Climate type Tropical climate
Income class 5th city income class
Revenue (₱) 459,824,796.59 (2016)
Native languages Cebuano
Tagalog

Carcar, officially the City of Carcar, (Cebuano: Dakbayan sa Carcar; Tagalog: Lungsod ng Carcar), or simply known as Carcar City, is a 5th class city in the province of Cebu, Philippines. According to the 2015 census, it has a population of 119,664 people.[3]

Carcar City is bordered to the north by the town of San Fernando, to the west are the towns of Aloguinsan and Barili, to the east is the Cebu Strait, and to the south is the town of Sibonga.

Carcar lies within Metro Cebu area.[4]

History

Carcar was known as "Sialao" since before the Spanish colonization. It became a municipality in 1599.

Carcar is considered one of the oldest towns in Cebu, with its Spanish influence lasted more than 300 years ago.

During the 11th Congress (1998–2001), Congress enacted into law 33 bills converting 33 municipalities into cities. However, Congress did not act on a further 24 bills converting 24 other municipalities into cities.

During the 12th Congress (2001–2004), Congress enacted into law Republic Act No. 9009 (RA 9009), which took effect on 30 June 2001. RA 9009 amended Section 450 of the Local Government Code by increasing the annual income requirement for conversion of a municipality into a city from ₱20 million to ₱100 million. The rationale for the amendment was to restrain, in the words of Senator Aquilino Pimentel, "the mad rush" of municipalities to convert into cities solely to secure a larger share in the Internal Revenue Allotment despite the fact that they are incapable of fiscal independence.

After RA 9009 went into effect, the House of Representatives of the 12th Congress adopted Joint Resolution No. 29, which sought to exempt from the ₱100 million income requirement in RA 9009 the 24 municipalities whose cityhood bills were not approved in the 11th Congress. However, the 12th Congress ended without the Senate having approved Joint Resolution No. 29.

During the 13th Congress (2004–2007), the House of Representatives re-adopted former Joint Resolution No. 29 as Joint Resolution No. 1 and forwarded it to the Senate for approval. However, the Senate again failed to approve the Joint Resolution. Following the suggestion of Senator Aquilino Pimentel (Senate President), 16 municipalities filed, through their respective sponsors, individual cityhood bills. The 16 cityhood bills each contained a common provision exempting it from the ₱100 million income requirement of RA 9009 –

"Exemption from Republic Act No. 9009. — The City of x x x shall be exempted from the income requirement prescribed under Republic Act No. 9009."

On 22 December 2006, the House of Representatives approved the cityhood bills. The Senate also approved the cityhood bills in February 2007, except that of Naga, Cebu which was passed on 7 June 2007. These cityhood bills lapsed into law on various dates from March to July 2007 after President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo failed to sign them.

The point of law at issue in 2007 was whether there had been a breach of Section 10, Article X of the 1987 Constitution, which provides –

No province, city, municipality, or barangay shall be created, divided, merged, abolished or its boundary substantially altered, except in accordance with the criteria established in the local government code and subject to approval by a majority of the votes cast in a plebiscite in the political units directly affected.

– and in each case the established criteria were far from met.

In November 2008, Carcar and 15 other cities lost their cityhood after the Supreme Court of the Philippines granted a petition filed by the League of Cities of the Philippines, and declared unconstitutional the cityhood law (RA 9436) which had allowed the town to acquire its city status.[5] The Supreme Court ruled that they did not pass the requirements for cityhood.[6][7]

On 10 December 2008, the 16 cities affected acting together filed a motion for reconsideration with the Supreme Court. More than a year later, on 22 December 2009, acting on said appeal, the Court reversed its earlier ruling as it ruled that "at the end of the day, the passage of the amendatory law" (regarding the criteria for cityhood as set by Congress) "is no different from the enactment of a law, i.e., the cityhood laws specifically exempting a particular political subdivision from the criteria earlier mentioned. Congress, in enacting the exempting law/s, effectively decreased the already codified indicators."[8] Accordingly cityhood status was restored.

But on 27 August 2010, the 16 cities lost their city status again, after the Supreme Court voted 7-6, with two justices not taking part, to reinstate the 2008 decision declaring as "unconstitutional" the Republic Acts that converted the 16 municipalities into cities. A previous law required towns aspiring to become cities to earn at least ₱100 million annually, which none of the 16 did.[9]

On 15 February 2011, the Supreme Court made another volte-face and upheld for the third time the cityhood of 16 towns in the Philippines.[10]

Finally, on 12 April 2011, the Supreme Court, in an en banc ruling delivered in Baguio City, affirmed the finality of the constitutionality of the 16 cityhood laws by resolving that:

We should not ever lose sight of the fact that the 16 cities covered by the Cityhood Laws not only had conversion bills pending during the 11th Congress, but have also complied with the requirements of the LGC prescribed prior to its amendment by R.A. No. 9009.[9] Congress undeniably gave these cities all the considerations that justice and fair play demanded. Hence, this Court should do no less by stamping its imprimatur to the clear and unmistakable legislative intent and by duly recognizing the certain collective wisdom of Congress. WHEREFORE, the Ad Cautelam Motion for Reconsideration (of the Decision dated 15 February 2011) is denied with finality.[10]

On 28 June 2011 the Supreme Court directed the Clerk of Court to issue the entry of judgment on the cityhood case of 16 municipalities.[11]]

Geography

Carcar is located 40 kilometres (25 mi) south of Cebu City. It is bounded on the north by San Fernando; on the south by Sibonga; on the west by Barili and Aloguinsan; and on the east by the Cebu Strait. It has a land area of 116.78 square kilometres (45.09 sq mi).

Topography

The land is generally level with less than 18% slope comprising 78.7% of the total land area. Areas with slopes ranging from 18 to 50% cover 19.3% of the total land area and those over 50% slope comprise approximately 1.9%. The highest recorded elevation is a little over 660 metres (2,170 ft) above sea level, located within the barangay of Napo.

Soil type

The municipality has five dominant soil types namely: Faraon Clay, Steep Phase, the Lugo Clay, the Mandaue clay loam & the Hydrosol type.

Climate

The wet season occurs during the months of May to October and the dry season, from January to May.

Barangays

Carcar comprises 15 barangays:

PSGC Barangay Population ±% p.a.
2015[3] 2010[12]
072214001 Bolinawan 9.1% 10,881 10,852 ▴ 0.05%
072214002 Buenavista 2.2% 2,662 2,294 ▴ 2.87%
072214003 Calidngan 2.7% 3,258 2,953 ▴ 1.89%
072214004 Can‑asujan 7.6% 9,114 7,845 ▴ 2.90%
072214005 Guadalupe 10.6% 12,641 10,633 ▴ 3.35%
072214006 Liburon 6.4% 7,606 6,749 ▴ 2.30%
072214007 Napo 5.4% 6,427 6,344 ▴ 0.25%
072214008 Ocana 7.8% 9,361 8,507 ▴ 1.84%
072214009 Perrelos 11.8% 14,129 12,901 ▴ 1.75%
072214012 Poblacion I 9.1% 10,919 8,996 ▴ 3.76%
072214013 Poblacion II 2.2% 2,680 2,432 ▴ 1.87%
072214014 Poblacion III 5.8% 6,898 5,763 ▴ 3.48%
072214015 Tuyom 5.1% 6,080 5,563 ▴ 1.71%
072214010 Valencia 4.6% 5,485 4,885 ▴ 2.23%
072214011 Valladolid 9.6% 11,523 10,606 ▴ 1.59%
Total 119,664 107,323 ▴ 2.09%

Demographics

Population census of Carcar
YearPop.±% p.a.
1903 31,895—    
1918 37,392+1.07%
1939 36,308−0.14%
1948 32,818−1.12%
1960 36,304+0.84%
1970 45,806+2.35%
1975 47,174+0.59%
1980 57,822+4.15%
1990 70,841+2.05%
1995 78,726+2.00%
2000 89,199+2.71%
2007 100,632+1.68%
2010 107,323+2.37%
2015 119,664+2.09%
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority[3] [12] [13] [14]


Tourism

Mercado Ancestral Home
  • As a Heritage City of Cebu, Carcar contains various Spanish and American period structures. The Carcar plaza alone hosts several heritage structures, the Church of St. Catherine of Alexandria dominates the area. Within the complex various structures stand, including quaint houses and their distinctive architectural details.
  • Surrounding the Rotunda and in the public market one will find the famous Carcar chicharon, lechon, ampao, bucarillo, gorgorias and puso – just some of the local delicacies.
  • Guadalupe Mabugnao Mainit Hot Spring National Park
  • Heritage Houses such as the Mercado Mansion
  • Tuyom Beach – Beach Houses

Notable people

References

  1. ↑ "City". Quezon City, Philippines: Department of the Interior and Local Government. Retrieved 30 May 2013.
  2. ↑ "Province: Cebu". PSGC Interactive. Quezon City, Philippines: Philippine Statistics Authority. Retrieved 12 November 2016.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Census of Population (2015). "Region VII (Central Visayas)". Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. PSA. Retrieved 20 June 2016.
  4. ↑ Sun–Star 2005.
  5. ↑ Republic Act No. 9436 (12 April 2007), Charter of the City of Carcar
  6. ↑ G.R. No. 176951, First appeal; et al. (18 November 2008), Consolidated petitions for prohibition assailing the constitutionality of the subject Cityhood Laws and enjoining the Commission on Elections (COMELEC) and respondent municipalities from conducting plebiscites pursuant to the Cityhood Laws.
  7. ↑ Napallacan, Jhunex (2008-11-21). "Cities' demotion worries DepEd execs". Cebu Daily News. Inquirer.net. Retrieved 15 February 2015.
  8. ↑ G.R. No. 176951, First reversal; et al. (21 December 2009), League of Cities of the Philippines v. COMELEC
  9. 1 2 Republic Act No. 9009 (24 February 2001), An Act amending section 450 of Republic Act no. 7160, otherwise known as the Local Government Code of 1991, by increasing the average annual income requirement for a municipality or cluster of barangays to be converted into a component city.
  10. 1 2 G.R. No. 176951, Second appeal; et al. (15 February 2011), League of Cities of the Philippines v. COMELEC
  11. ↑ G.R. No. 176951, Final Resolution; et al. (28 June 2011), Supreme Court has directed the Clerk of Court to forthwith issue the Entry of Judgment
  12. 1 2 Census of Population and Housing (2010). "Region VII (Central Visayas)". Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. NSO. Retrieved 29 June 2016.
  13. ↑ Censuses of Population (1903–2007). "Region VII (Central Visayas)". Table 1. Population Enumerated in Various Censuses by Province/Highly Urbanized City: 1903 to 2007. NSO.
  14. ↑ "Province of Cebu". Municipality Population Data. Local Water Utilities Administration Research Division. Retrieved 17 December 2016.

Sources

  • Sun–Star (8 October 2005). "RDC enlarges Metro Cebu". Archived from the original on 30 September 2007. Retrieved 10 November 2015.
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