Al-Samra

Al-Samra
A 1914 Ottoman memorial for two killed pilots, 1,5 km east of the village site.
Al-Samra
Arabic السمرا
Subdistrict Tiberias
Coordinates 32°43′23″N 35°37′02″E / 32.72306°N 35.61722°E / 32.72306; 35.61722Coordinates: 32°43′23″N 35°37′02″E / 32.72306°N 35.61722°E / 32.72306; 35.61722
Palestine grid 208/236
Population 290[1][2] (1945)
Date of depopulation April 21, 1948[3]
Cause(s) of depopulation Influence of nearby town's fall
Current localities HaOn[4][5]

Al-Samra (Arabic: السمرا‎) was a Palestinian Arab village in the Tiberias Subdistrict. It was depopulated during the 1947–1948 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine on April 21, 1948. It was located 10 km southeast of Tiberias.

History

The village had a mosque and several khirbas including Khirbat al-Tawafiq and Khirbat Duwayraban.[4]

In the early 19th century, Johann Ludwig Burckhardt noted it as the only village on the eastern shore of Lake Tiberias, and that it had some ancient buildings.[6]

In 1838, Edward Robinson was told that the village, Khurbet es-Sumrah, was on the eastern shore of the lake.[7] The villagers were Muslim.[8]

In 1875, Victor Guérin found here large ruins, which he mistook for being Hippos.[9]

A population list from about 1887 showed es Samr (east shore) to have about 180 inhabitants; 20 Druze and 160 Muslims.[10]

In 1914, an Ottoman airplane, on its way from Istanbul to Cairo, crashed by the village. Two pilots were killed. There is an Ottoman memorial to the event, about 1,5 km east of the village site.[4] Yüzbaşı Fethi Bey, one of the first pilots of the Ottoman Air Force, was one of the pilots killed.[11]

British Mandate era

In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, the population of Samra was 157 Muslims,[12] increasing in the 1931 census to 237; 232 Muslims and 5 Bahá'ís, in a total of 50 houses.[13]

In the 1945 statistics Es Samra had a population of 290; 280 Muslims and 10 classified as others,[1] with 6,912 dunams of Arab owned land.[2] Of this, 30 dunams were used for citrus and bananas, 21 for plantations and irrigable land, 6,828 dunams for cereals,[14] while 23 dunams were classified as built-up area.[15]

1948, aftermath

The village became depopulated on April 21, 1948.[3][16][17][18]

HaOn was established on village land, north of the village site, in 1949.[4]

In 1992, the village site was described: "Nothing remains of the village houses. A tourist resort, which consists of a few cabins and small houses, has been established on part of the village site. Other parts of the site are covered with trees. The surrounding land is cultivated by Israelis."[4]

References

  1. 1 2 Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 12
  2. 1 2 Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 73
  3. 1 2 Morris, 2004, p. xvii, village #102. Also gives cause of depopulation
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 Khalidi, 1992, p. 540
  5. ↑ Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #143
  6. ↑ Burckhardt, 1822, pp. 278-279, cited in Khalidi, 1992, p. 539
  7. ↑ Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol. 3, p. 264, cited in Khalidi, 1992, pp. 539-540
  8. ↑ Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol. 3, Appendix 2, p. 131, calling it el-Khirbet es-Saudah
  9. ↑ Guérin, 1880, p. 310-312
  10. ↑ Schumacher, 1888, p. 186
  11. ↑ Letter from Kibbutz Ha’On: Fallen Flyers Hadassah Magazine, 17 March 2014
  12. ↑ Barron, 1923, Table IX, Sub-district of Tiberias, p. 39
  13. ↑ Mills, 1932, p. 84
  14. ↑ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 123
  15. ↑ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 173
  16. ↑ Morris, 2004, p. 186 note #179, p. 275
  17. ↑ Morris, 2004, p. 372, note #180, p. 405
  18. ↑ Morris, 2004, p. 513, notes #56, 57, p. 539

Sources

  • Barron, J. B., ed. (1923). Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922. Government of Palestine.
  • Burckhardt, J.L. (1822). Travels in Syria and the Holy Land. London: J. Murray.
  • Department of Statistics (1945). Village Statistics, April, 1945. Government of Palestine.
  • Guérin, V. (1880). Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine (in French). 3: Galilee, pt. 1. Paris: L'Imprimerie Nationale.
  • Hadawi, S. (1970). Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine. Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center.
  • Khalidi, W. (1992). All That Remains: The Palestinian Villages Occupied and Depopulated by Israel in 1948. Washington D.C.: Institute for Palestine Studies. ISBN 0-88728-224-5.
  • Mills, E., ed. (1932). Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas. Jerusalem: Government of Palestine.
  • Morris, B. (2004). The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-00967-6.
  • Robinson, E.; Smith, E. (1841). Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the year 1838. 3. Boston: Crocker & Brewster.
  • Schumacher, G. (1888). "Population list of the Liwa of Akka". Quarterly statement – Palestine Exploration Fund. 20: 169–191.
This article is issued from Wikipedia. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.