Bayt Shanna

Bayt Shanna
Bayt Shanna
Arabic بيت شنّة
Name meaning The house of Shenna[1]
Subdistrict Ramle
Coordinates 31°52′39″N 34°59′13″E / 31.87750°N 34.98694°E / 31.87750; 34.98694Coordinates: 31°52′39″N 34°59′13″E / 31.87750°N 34.98694°E / 31.87750; 34.98694
Palestine grid 148/142
Population 210[2][3] (1945)
Date of depopulation July 15-16, 1948[4]
Cause(s) of depopulation Military assault by Yishuv forces

Bayt Shanna was a Palestinian Arab village in the Ramle Subdistrict of Mandatory Palestine. It was depopulated during the 1948 Arab–Israeli War on July 15, 1948, during the second stage of Operation Dani. It was located 11.5 km southeast of Ramla.

History

Two khirbats located to west and northeast of the village center contains the foundations of a church and buildings and cisterns.[5]

Ceramics from the Byzantine era have been found here.[6]

Ottoman era

Bayt Shanna was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire in 1517 with all of Palestine, and in 1596 it appeared in the tax registers under the name of Bayt Sanna, as being in the nahiya ("subdistrict") of Ramla, which was under the administration of the liwa ("district") of Gaza. It had a population of 4 household;[7] an estimated 22 persons, who were all Muslims. They paid a fixed tax-rate of 25 % on agricultural products, including wheat, barley, summer crops, vineyards, fruit trees, goats and beehives, in addition to occasional revenues; a total of 1,000 Akçe. All of the revenue went to a Waqf.[7][5]

In 1838, it was noted as Beit Shinna, a place "in ruins or deserted," in the Ibn Humar area in the District of Er-Ramleh.[8]

In 1883, the Palestine Exploration Fund's Survey of Western Palestine noted at Beit Shenna: "Traces of ruins and squared stones."[9]

British Mandate era

In the 1922 census of Palestine, conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Bait Shanna had a population of 8 Muslims,[10] increasing in the 1931 census, when it was counted together with Salbit, to 406, still all Muslims, in a total of 71 houses.[11]

In the 1945 statistics, the village had a population of 210 Muslims[2] with 3,617 dunams of land.[3] Of this, 44 dunams were used for plantations and irrigable land, 865 for cereals,[12] while 2,708 dunams were non-cultivable areas.[13]

1948, and aftermath

Bayt Shanna became depopulated after a military assault on July 15-16, 1948.[4]

As of 1992, there were no Israeli settlement on village land. Sha'alvim, on the land of the depopulated Palestinian village of Salbit is the closest.[5]

In 1992, the village site was described: "The stone rubble of the former houses covers the village site. Large mulberry, olive, and almond trees grow amid the rubble, most of which is covered by wild vegetation. The whole site is fenced in and appears to be used as a grazing area. On the hillside east of the village, a room made of masonry still stands. Fruit trees grow around it."[5]

References

  1. ↑ Palmer, 1881, p. 287
  2. 1 2 Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 29
  3. 1 2 Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 66
  4. 1 2 Morris, 2004, p. xix, village #238. Also gives cause of depopulation, with a "?".
  5. 1 2 3 4 Khalidi, 1992, p. 367
  6. ↑ Dauphin, 1998, p. 841
  7. 1 2 Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 155
  8. ↑ Robinson and Smith, 1841, vol 3, Appendix 2, p. 120
  9. ↑ Conder and Kitchener, 1883, SWP III, p. 86
  10. ↑ Barron, 1923, Table VII, Sub-district of Jerusalem, p. 15
  11. ↑ Mills, 1932, p. 43
  12. ↑ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 114
  13. ↑ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 164

Bibliography

  • Barron, J.B., ed. (1923). Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922. Government of Palestine.
  • Conder, C.R.; Kitchener, H.H. (1883). The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology. 3. London: Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
  • Dauphin, Claudine (1998). La Palestine byzantine, Peuplement et Populations. BAR International Series 726 (in French). III : Catalogue. Oxford: Archeopress. ISBN 0-860549-05-4.
  • Department of Statistics (1945). Village Statistics, April, 1945. Government of Palestine.
  • Hadawi, S. (1970). Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine. Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center.
  • Hütteroth, Wolf-Dieter; Abdulfattah, Kamal (1977). Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century. Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, Sonderband 5. Erlangen, Germany: Vorstand der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft. ISBN 3-920405-41-2.
  • Khalidi, W. (1992). All That Remains: The Palestinian Villages Occupied and Depopulated by Israel in 1948. Washington D.C.: Institute for Palestine Studies. ISBN 0-88728-224-5.
  • Mills, E., ed. (1932). Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas. Jerusalem: Government of Palestine.
  • Morris, B. (2004). The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-00967-6.
  • Palmer, E.H. (1881). The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer. Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
  • Robinson, E.; Smith, E. (1841). Biblical Researches in Palestine, Mount Sinai and Arabia Petraea: A Journal of Travels in the year 1838. 3. Boston: Crocker & Brewster.
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