Dayshum

Dayshum
Ruins of Dayshum
Dayshum
Arabic ديشوم
Name meaning personal name[1]
Also spelled Dayshum, Deishum
Subdistrict Safad
Coordinates 33°04′49″N 35°30′26″E / 33.08028°N 35.50722°E / 33.08028; 35.50722Coordinates: 33°04′49″N 35°30′26″E / 33.08028°N 35.50722°E / 33.08028; 35.50722
Palestine grid 197/276
Population 590[2][3] (1945)
Area 23,044[2] dunams
Date of depopulation 30 October 1948[4]
Cause(s) of depopulation Military assault by Yishuv forces
Current localities Dishon[5][6]

Dayshum (Arabic: ديشوم‎) was a Palestinian village, depopulated on 30 October 1948 by the Sheva Brigade of Israeli paramilitary force Palmach in an offensive called Operation Hiram, where the village has been destroyed, and only house rubble left behind. The village was located 12 kilometers (7.5 mi) north of Safed, 600 meters (2,000 ft) above sea level.

History

In 1517 Dayshum was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire after it was captured from the Mamluks, and by 1596, it was a village under the administration of the nahiya ("subdistrict") of Jira (part of Safad Sanjak), with a population of fifty, all Muslim. They paid a fixed tax rate of 25% on a number of crops, including wheat, barley, olives, and fruits, as well as on other types of produce and property, such as goats, beehives, and a press that was used for processing either olives or grapes; a total of 2,112 Akçe. All of the revenue went to a Muslim charitable endowment.[7]

Algerian immigrants who had fought with Abd al-Qadir al-Jaza'iri against the French colonialists in the 1830s and 1840s settled at the site.[8] These people may have come with him to the region following his defeat and banishment to Damascus in 1847. As some of their ancestors had been horsemen in Algeria, the villagers of Dayshum took a keen interest in raising horses.[9]

In 1881 the Palestine Exploration Fund's Survey of Western Palestine described Dayshum as a “well-built” village with about 400 residents. The village houses were situated on the side of a steep hill near the bottom of a valley and had gabled roofs. The village had three mills and several small gardens.[10]

British Mandate

In 1921 inspectors from the British Mandatory Department noted a Maqam north-east of the village site, dedicated to a Sheikh Haniyya.[11]

In the 1922 census of Palestine conducted by the British Mandate authorities, Daishum had a population of 479, all Muslim,[12] decreasing slightly in the 1931 census of Palestine to 438, still all Muslim, in 102 inhabited houses.[13]

In the 1945 statistics the population consisted of 590 Muslims,[3] with a total of 23,044 dunams of land.[2] Of this, a total 4,701 dunums of village land was used for cereals and 611 dunums were irrigated or used for orchards,[14][15] while 17,093 dunams were classified as non-cultivable area.[16]

Post 1948

In 1953, Dishon was established on village land.[6]

In 1992, the village site was described: "Cactuses and thorns grow on the site. The only indications of the former existence of Dayshum are piles of stones from the destroyed houses and terraces. Moshav Dishon exploits the land around the site for animal grazing and apple cultiva­tion."[6]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Palmer, 1881, p. 71
  2. 1 2 3 Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 69
  3. 1 2 Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 9
  4. ↑ Morris, 2004, p. xvi, village #32. Also gives cause of depopulation
  5. ↑ Morris, 2004, p. xxii, settlement #131. Settlement date uncertain, according to Morris, but possibly 1949 (re-established 1953)
  6. 1 2 3 Khalidi, 1992, p. 446
  7. ↑ Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 177. Quoted in Khalidi, 1992, p. 445
  8. ↑ Abbasi, 2007 (Hebrew). Non-Hebrew version in The Maghreb Review, 28(1), 2003 pp. 41-59.
  9. ↑ Khalidi, 1992, p. 445
  10. ↑ Conder and Kitchener, 1881, SWP I, p. 201, Quoted in Khalidi, 1992, p. 445-446
  11. ↑ Sharon, 2004, p. 135
  12. ↑ Barron, 1923, Table XI, Sub-district of Safad, p. 41
  13. ↑ Mills, 1932, p. 106
  14. ↑ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 118
  15. ↑ Khalidi, 1992, p. 446
  16. ↑ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 168

Bibliography

  • Abbasi, Mustafa (2007). "From Algeria to the Holy Land: Algerian communities in the Galilee, from the late Ottoman period to 1948 / הקהילה האלג'יראית בגליל משלהי השלטון העות'מני עד שנת 1948". Horizons in Geography / אופקים בגאוגרפיה (68/69): 56–72. ISSN 0334-3774. JSTOR 23716446.
  • Barron, J. B., ed. (1923). Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922. Government of Palestine.
  • Conder, C.R.; Kitchener, H. H. (1881). The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology. 1. London: Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
  • Department of Statistics (1945). Village Statistics, April, 1945. Government of Palestine.
  • Hadawi, S. (1970). Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine. Palestine Liberation Organization Research Center.
  • Hütteroth, Wolf-Dieter; Abdulfattah, Kamal (1977). Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century. Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, Sonderband 5. Erlangen, Germany: Vorstand der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft. ISBN 3-920405-41-2.
  • Khalidi, W. (1992). All That Remains:The Palestinian Villages Occupied and Depopulated by Israel in 1948. Washington D.C.: Institute for Palestine Studies. ISBN 0-88728-224-5.
  • Mills, E., ed. (1932). Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas. Jerusalem: Government of Palestine.
  • Morris, B. (2004). The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-00967-6.
  • Palmer, E. H. (1881). The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer. Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
  • Sharon, M. (2004). Corpus Inscriptionum Arabicarum Palaestinae, D-F. 3. BRILL. ISBN 90-04-13197-3.
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