Farwana

Farwana
Farwana
Arabic فرونه
Name meaning Tellûl Farwanah, the mounds of Farwannah, p.n.[1]
Also spelled Khirbet Farwana, Rohob, Rehob, Tel Rehov
Subdistrict Baysan
Coordinates 32°27′47″N 35°29′37″E / 32.46306°N 35.49361°E / 32.46306; 35.49361Coordinates: 32°27′47″N 35°29′37″E / 32.46306°N 35.49361°E / 32.46306; 35.49361
Palestine grid 196/207
Population 330[2][3] (1945)
Area 4,996[3] dunams
Date of depopulation 11 May 1948[4]
Cause(s) of depopulation Military assault by Yishuv forces
Current localities Rechov[5] Chawwat Eden[5]

Farwana (Arabic: فرونه‎), was a Palestinian village, located 4.5 kilometers (2.8 mi) south of Bisan, depopulated in 1948.

History

Identified with the ancient city of Rehov, extant during Egyptian rule over Canaan in the second millennium BCE, archaeological sites located on the former village's lands include Tell es-Sarem (i.e. Tel Rehov)[6] and the remains of a synagogue from the third century CE.[7]

Identification of Tel Rehov with the Rehob of the Egyptian texts was based on the preservation of the name at the nearby Islamic holy tomb of esh-Sheikh er-Rihab (1 kilometer to the south of the tel) and the existence of the ruins of a Byzantine era Jewish town of the same name (Rohob), 1 kilometer northwest of Tel Rehov, mentioned by Eusebius as being in the fourth mile from Bisan.[6] Khirbet Farwana (Khirbet meaning "site of ruins" in Arabic) is also associated with Rohob.[6][8]

Remains from the Byzantine era have been excavated here.[9]

Ottoman era

In 1517, Farina was incorporated into the Ottoman Empire with the rest of Palestine. In 1596, it appeared in Ottoman tax registers as being in the Nahiya of Gawr of the Liwa of Ajlun. It had a population of 80 households and 2 bachelors, all Muslim. The villagers paid taxes on wheat, barley, sesame, goats or beehives, and water buffaloes, in addition to "occasional revenues"; a total of 13,000 akçe.[10]

In 1870 Victor Guérin noted that the place was strewn with black stones, apparently basaltic.[11]

In 1882, the Palestine Exploration Fund's Survey of Western Palestine found at Tellul Farwana "small mounds, apparently artificial."[12]

British Mandate era

In the 1922 census of Palestine, conducted in Mandatory Palestine authorities, Farwaneh had a population of 84 Muslims,[13] increasing in the 1931 census to 286, still all Muslims, in 72 houses.[14]

In the 1945 statistics, the population was 330 Muslims,[2] with a total of 4,996 dunams of land.[3] Of this, 42 dunams were for plantations or irrigable land, 3,847 for cereals,[15] while 11 were built-up (urban) land.[16]

1948 war and its aftermath

Farwana had a population of over 300 people when it was depopulated in the lead up to the 1948 Arab-Israeli war.[7] Its Arab inhabitants, along with those of the neighbouring village of al-Ashrafiyya fled to Jordan with the approach of the pre-state Israeli forces of the Golani Brigade during Operation Gideon on 11 May 1948.[7][17] The following day, the more than 72 houses that made up the village were completely destroyed.[7] Farwana's inhabitants never returned to the village, and they and their descendants make up one small part of the current population of more than 4 million Palestinian refugees worldwide.

The Jewish Moshav of Rechov and the model farm Chawwat Eden were established on the former lands of Farwana.[5] Ein HaNatziv was established in 1946 northeast of the village site, but on land belonging to Baysan, while Sdei Trumot, west of the village site, is on land belonging to Al-Samiriyya.[5]

In 1992 the village site was described: "The only remains of the village are the ruined walls and floors of houses. The site is overgrown with wild vegetation and contains an archeological dig. The lands around it are cultivated by Israelis."[5]

See also

References

  1. ↑ Palmer, 1881, p. 170
  2. 1 2 Department of Statistics, 1945, p. 6
  3. 1 2 3 Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 43
  4. ↑ Morris, 2004, p. xvii village #128. Also give cause for depopulation
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 Khalidi, 1992, p. 47
  6. 1 2 3 Amihai Mazar (1999). "The 1997-1998 Excavations at Tel Rehov: Preliminary Report". Israel Exploration Journal. 49: 1–42.
  7. 1 2 3 4 Khalidi, 1992, pp. 46-47
  8. ↑ Dauphin, 1998, pp. 785-786
  9. ↑ Alexandre, 2017, Horbat Parva
  10. ↑ Hütteroth and Abdulfattah, 1977, p. 168
  11. ↑ Guérin, 1874, p. 283
  12. ↑ Conder and Kitchener, 1882, SWP II, p. 128
  13. ↑ Barron, 1923, Table IX, p. 31
  14. ↑ Mills, 1932, p. 78
  15. ↑ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 84
  16. ↑ Government of Palestine, Department of Statistics. Village Statistics, April, 1945. Quoted in Hadawi, 1970, p. 134
  17. ↑ Morris, 2004, p. 227

Bibliography

  • Alexandre, Yardenna (2017-01-11). "Horbat Parva" (129). Hadashot Arkheologiyot – Excavations and Surveys in Israel.
  • Barron, J. B., ed. (1923). Palestine: Report and General Abstracts of the Census of 1922. Government of Palestine.
  • Conder, C.R.; Kitchener, H.H. (1882). The Survey of Western Palestine: Memoirs of the Topography, Orography, Hydrography, and Archaeology. 2. London: Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
  • Dauphin, Claudine (1998). La Palestine byzantine, Peuplement et Populations. BAR International Series 726 (in French). III : Catalogue. Oxford: Archeopress. ISBN 0-860549-05-4.
  • Department of Statistics (1945). Village Statistics, April, 1945. Government of Palestine.
  • Guérin, V. (1874). Description Géographique Historique et Archéologique de la Palestine (in French). 2: Samarie, pt. 1. Paris: L'Imprimerie Nationale.
  • Hadawi, S. (1970). Village Statistics of 1945: A Classification of Land and Area ownership in Palestine. Palestine Liberation Organization Research Centre.
  • Hütteroth, Wolf-Dieter; Abdulfattah, Kamal (1977). Historical Geography of Palestine, Transjordan and Southern Syria in the Late 16th Century. Erlanger Geographische Arbeiten, Sonderband 5. Erlangen, Germany: Vorstand der Fränkischen Geographischen Gesellschaft. ISBN 3-920405-41-2.
  • Khalidi, W. (1992). All That Remains: The Palestinian Villages Occupied and Depopulated by Israel in 1948. Washington D.C.: Institute for Palestine Studies. ISBN 0-88728-224-5.
  • Mills, E., ed. (1932). Census of Palestine 1931. Population of Villages, Towns and Administrative Areas. Jerusalem: Government of Palestine.
  • Morris, B. (2004). The Birth of the Palestinian Refugee Problem Revisited. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-00967-6.
  • Palmer, E.H. (1881). The Survey of Western Palestine: Arabic and English Name Lists Collected During the Survey by Lieutenants Conder and Kitchener, R. E. Transliterated and Explained by E.H. Palmer. Committee of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
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