-t

From Middle English -te (“preterite ending”), -t (“past participle ending”), from Old English -te, -de (“first and third person preterite ending”), -t, -d (“past participle ending”), from Proto-Germanic *-id- (“preterite stem ending of class 1 weak verbs”) and *-idaz (“past participle ending of class 1 weak verbs”).

In some verbs, like lose/lost, the -t-/-t was merely an alteration of earlier -d-/-d during the Middle English period. See -ed.

-t

1. Forms the past tense and/or past participle of some verbs (leapt, kept, dreamt, etc)

Some verbs have both an -ed and a -t form. The -t form has become obsolete for many verbs, e.g. toucht.

Usually for verbs with "eep" or "end" at the end (e.g. kept for keep, slept for sleep, wept for weep, bent for bend, sent for send, went for wend). More rarely, for nasals (e.g. burnt for burn, dreamt for dream).

• -ed

Probably resulting from -s + the, or various other words beginning with th-, t-.

-t

1. An excrescent ending appended to words suffixed with -s.

   against, amidst, amongst, betwixt, whilst

As with -st, when there is a shorter synonymous word (as in between/betwixt), the form with -t is generally considered more formal, old-fashioned, affected, and British.

• -st

From Middle English -t, from Old English -t, variant of -þ (“-th”), from Proto-Germanic *-þiz. More at -th.

-t

1. (no longer productive) Alternative form of -th

   arist, drift, sight, theft, thrift, etc.

-t

1. Used to form adverbs from adjectives; -ly.
2. Used to make neuter forms of adjectives.
3. Used to form past participles of some verbs, like -et does.

   spis, spise, spiser, spiste, spist

   eat!, eat, eats, ate, eaten

-t

1. forms the second and third person singular of the present tense

   redden - jij redt, hij redt

2. forms the gij - form in both present and past tense

   breken - gij breekt - gij braakt

3. (archaic) forms the plural form of the imperative

   staken - staakt!

4. forms the past participle of weak verbs the root of which ends in a voiceless consonant

   bedanken - bedankt

5. forms certain verbal nouns, mostly of strong verbs

   geven - gift

Inherited from Proto-Afro-Asiatic *-t, *-Vt (feminine suffix).

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /ɛt/
  • Conventional anglicization: -et

1. Used to form feminine singular forms of nouns and adjectives.

From Proto-Afro-Asiatic *-i (genitive-possessive case ending) + the ancestor of the above suffix -t (feminine ending).

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /ɛt/
  • Conventional anglicization: -et

1. Converts nouns and prepositions into feminine adjectives: the feminine nisba adjective ending.

1. Forms adverbs from certain adjectives; -ly

1. Forms the infinitive of anomalous verbs, weak verbs (except for fourth weak verbs with a geminated stem), and causative biliteral verbs.

• Egyptian: -j (infinitival ending)

1. Forms the complementary infinitive of all verbs.

Weak verbs can alternatively take the endings -wt or -yt to form the complementary infinitive.

1. Forms the subjunctive of the irregular verb jnj and the anomalous verb jwj.

1. Forms the terminative of all verbs.

Third-weak verbs can alternatively take the ending -yt to form the terminative, more frequently when passive than when active.

When this ending is attached to a verb ending in d or t, it is occasionally left unwritten.

• Loprieno, Antonio (1995) Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN
• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, etc. page 314–315, etc..

• IPA^(key): /t/

-t (personal)

1. (enclitic, after a vowel) Alternative form of et
2. (enclitic, after a vowel) Alternative form of te

-t

1. (case suffix) Forms the nominative plural.

   • kissa → kissat (“cats”)

2. (case suffix) Forms the accusative forms of the personal pronouns and the interrogative pronoun ken.

   • minut (“me”)
   • kenet? (“who(m)?”)

• Suffixed to the genitive singular stem. The accusative plural is identical with the nominative plural and is used for certain direct objects.
• The personal pronouns and ken have this ending in the accusative; they are the only words that have different genitive and accusative singular forms.

• -n

-t

1. (personal) Forms the second person singular of verbs.

Suffixed to the same stem as the first person singular suffix both in the present and the past tense.

• Wikipedia article on Finnish grammar

• -n
• -mme
• -tte
• -vat / -vät

-t

1. -ed (used to form adjectives from nouns)

• IPA^(key): [t]

-t

1. (accusative suffix) Used to form the accusative case.

   külföldi (“foreigner”) → Sok külföldit láttam a városban. (“I saw many foreigners in the city.”)

   óra (“clock, watch, hour”) → Vettem egy órát. (“I bought a watch.”)

   ember (“human”) → Sok embert láttunk. (“We saw many people.”)

   kettő (“two”) → Hány könyvet vettél? - Kettőt. (“How many books did you buy? - Two.”)

2. (locative suffix, archaic) Added to a noun or an adjective to form the locative case.

   Kaposvár (“Kaposvár, Hungarian town”) → Kaposvárt (“in Kaposvár”)

   köz (“gap”) → közt (“between, among”)

3. (past tense suffix) -ed, -t. Used to form the past tense of a verb.

   él (“to live”) → élt (“lived”)

   Kínában élt 10 évig - He lived in China for 10 years.

4. (past participle suffix) -ed, -t. Used to form the past participle of a verb.

   zár (“to close”) → zárt (“closed”)

   Zárt ajtók mögött tanácskoztak. - They discussed behind closed doors.

5. (causative suffix) The causative suffix for verbs.

   terem (“to come into existence”) → teremt (“to create”)

6. (noun suffix) Added to a verb to form a noun.

   lesz (“to become something”) → lét (“existence, life”)

   tesz (“to make, do, place”) → tét (“bet”)

• (accusative suffix): It can be added to nouns, adjectives, numerals and pronouns. Whether a suffix-initial vowel (linking vowel) will be used is hard to predict and thus needs to be learned with each word. A rule of thumb, however, is that older and shorter words tend to incorporate a vowel, rather than simply use -t. Variants:

  -t is added to words ending in a vowel. Final -a changes to -á-. Final -e changes to -é-. Final -o in foreign words changes to -ó-.

  -ot is added to some back vowel words ending in a consonant

  -at is added to some back vowel words ending in a consonant

  -et is added to unrounded front vowel words ending in a consonant

  -öt is added to rounded front vowel words ending in a consonant

• (locative suffix) Locative is used today only with some place names as an alternative to the inessive and superessive cases. The locative case is also to be found in short basic words like közt (“between, among”), from köz (“gap”).

• (past participle and past tense suffix) Variants:

  -t

  -tt is added to verbs ending in a vowel (sző, nő, fő, lő, ró, rí)

  -ott is added to back vowel verbs

  -ett is added to unrounded front vowel verbs

  -ött is added to rounded front vowel verbs

• (causative): -at, -et, -tat, -tet, -aszt, -eszt, -öszt
• Category:Hungarian noun forms
• Appendix:Hungarian suffixes

• IPA^(key): /t/

From Middle High German -ede, from Old High German -ida, from Proto-Germanic *-iþō. Cognate with rare German -de, Dutch -te, English -th.

-t f (plural -ten)

1. forms nouns from adjectives: -th, -ness

   ‎déif (“deep”) + ‎-t → ‎Déift (“depth”)

   ‎stëll (“still, quiet”) + ‎-t → ‎Stëllt (“stillness, quietness”)

• -tt (in some irregular verbs)
• -dd (in the form sidd of sinn)

-t

1. used to form the second-person plural present and imperative of all verbs (except those with a stem in -d or -t, see usage note)

   ‎laachen (“to laugh”) + ‎-t → ‎dir laacht (“you [lot] laugh”)

2. used to form the third-person singular present of all regular and some irregular verbs

   ‎laachen (“to laugh”) + ‎-t → ‎hie laacht (“he laughs”)

3. used to form the past participle of all regular and some irregular verbs (often with the prefix ge-, see there)

   ‎laachen (“to laugh”) + ‎-t → ‎gelaacht (“laughed”)

4. used to form the first-person singular, third-person singular, and second-person plural past tense and past subjunctive of some irregular verbs

   ‎mussen (“must, to have to”) + ‎-t → ‎ech musst (“I had to”)

   ‎mussen (“must, to have to”) + ‎-t → ‎ech misst (“I would have to”)

• With verb stems in -d, this letter becomes -t unless followed by a vowel and the ending is thus omitted, as it is with stems that end in -t to begin with.

-t

1. Alternative form of -it

From Proto-Uto-Aztecan *-ci.

-t (plural -chim)

1. Diminutive suffix

From Proto-Samic *-ktē.

-t (with odd-syllable stems -it)

1. Forms adverbs of manner from adjectives.

This suffix triggers the weak grade on a preceding stressed syllable. When affixed to stems ending in -i and -u, there are two possible alternative forms. In the first, the suffix added with no change, while in the second, the final vowel lowered to e and o respectively and diphthong simplification is performed on the preceding syllable.

From Proto-Samic *-tē (partitive/ablative).

-t

1. Forms adverbs of time.

This suffix triggers the strong grade on a preceding stressed syllable.

From Proto-Samic *-mpē.

-t (with odd-syllable stems -it or -eabbo)

1. Forms the comparative of adjectives.

This suffix triggers the weak grade on a preceding stressed syllable.

This adjective needs an inflection-table template.

• See Category:Northern Sami adjective comparative forms

From Proto-Samic *-ntë. Cognate with Finnish -s.

-t

1. Forms ordinal numbers from cardinals.

This suffix triggers the weak grade on a preceding stressed syllable.

• See Category:Northern Sami ordinal numbers

From Proto-Samic *-k, from Proto-Uralic *-t. Cognate with Finnish -t.

-t

1. The ending of the nominative plural.

This suffix triggers the weak grade on a preceding stressed syllable.

From Proto-Samic *-tēk. Cognate with Finnish -a, -da.

-t

1. The ending of the infinitive.

This suffix triggers the strong grade on a preceding stressed syllable.

-t

1. Used to form adverbs from adjectives
2. Used to make neuter forms of adjectives
3. Used to make past participle of some weakly inflected verbs

-t

1. Plural verb suffix.

   Titakwikat

   We sing

2. Nominal absolutive suffix.

   *siwa- → siwat

   *tutu- → tutut

• The nominal absolutive suffix -t is a truncated form of -ti used for vowel-ending stems.
• Opposed to absolutive suffixes, construct suffixes used are -w (for vowel-ending stems), -(zero) (for consonant-ending stems) and -yu ("inalienable possession" marker)

-t

1. Suffix to create the definite singular form of neuter nouns ending in an unstressed vowel: hjärta (“heart”) → hjärtat (“the heart”)
2. Suffix for creating adverbs out of adjectives: långsam (“slow”) → långsamt (“slowly”)
3. Suffix used on the positive form of adjectives to denote that the corresponding noun is of neuter gender, indefinite form: en gul bil (“a yellow car”) → ett gult hus (“a yellow house”), the latter being neuter. However, the -a suffix is used for definite form independent of gender: den gula bilen (“the yellow car”) → det gula huset (“the yellow house”).
4. Suffix to form the past participle of weakly inflected verbs, to be used when the corresponding participle belongs with a neuter noun in indefinite singular form.
5. Suffix for forming supine of verbs of the first (ar-verbs) and second (weak er-verbs) conjugations; see also -it and -tt

From Ottoman Turkish ت‎ (-t, “causative suffix”), from Proto-Turkic *-t (“causative suffix”). Cognate with Old Turkic 𐱃‎ (-(ï)t, “causative suffix”).

-t

1. Forms causative verbs usually from polysyllabic stems ending in a vowel or 'l' or 'r'.

• -ıt
• -tur (used after monosyllabic stems and polysyllabic stems ending in a consonant other than 'l' or 'r'

• -ur