-vel

See also: vel, vēl, vél, vėl, veļ, and vęl

Hungarian

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [vɛl]

Suffix

-vel

  1. (case suffix) with. Used to form the instrumental case.
    repülő (“airplane”) → repülővel (“by airplane”)

Usage notes
   Hungarian case suffixes
Case Back vowel
a, á, o, ó, u, ú		 Front vowel
unrounded
e, é, i, í		 rounded
ö, ő, ü, ű
nominative —
accusative -t
-ot / -at -et -öt
dative -nak -nek
instrumental -val -vel
causal-final -ért
translative -vá -vé
terminative -ig
essive-formal -ként
essive-modal -ul -ül
inessive -ban -ben
superessive -n
-on -en -ön
adessive -nál -nél
illative -ba -be
sublative -ra -re
allative -hoz -hez -höz
elative -ból -ből
delative -ról -ről
ablative -tól -től
Note for all endings:
Stem-final -a/-e changes to -á-/-é-, respectively, except -ként.
    alma - almában, but almaként
    zene - zenében, but zeneként
  • (case suffix) Harmonic variants:
    -val is added to back vowel words. Final -a changes to -á-.
    anya (“mother”) → Anyával mentem vásárolni. - I went to shop with Mother.
    -vel is added to front vowel words. Final -e changes to -é-.
    zene (“music”) → Zenével szórakoztatta a vendégeket. - He entertained the guests with music.
  • When it is added to a word ending in a consonant, the v assimilates with the final consonant, and the final consonant becomes long:
    busz (“bus”) → busz + val = busszal - by bus (buszval is a non-standard form, although it could still be heard in some dialects)
    segítség (“help”) → segítség + vel = segítséggel - with help

See also
  • vele
  • Category:Hungarian words taking -val/-vel
  • Appendix:Hungarian suffixes
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