-ül

See also: ül, uel, and Appendix:Variations of "ul"

Azerbaijani

Alternative forms
  • -il (attached to stems containing 'i', 'e' and 'ə')
  • -ıl (attached to stems containing 'a' or 'ı')
  • -ul (attached to stems containing 'o' or 'u')

Pronunciation

Suffix

-ül

  1. Suffix appended to transitive verbs to derive verbs with passive or reflexive meaning. Applies only to verb stems containing 'ü', and 'ö'[1]
    ‎döymək (“to beat”) + ‎-ül → ‎döyülmək (“to get beaten”)
    ‎tökmək (“to pour”) + ‎-ül → ‎tökülmək (“to fall out, get spilled”)

Derived terms
Category Azerbaijani words suffixed with -ül not found

References
  1. Širalijev, Mamedaga; Sevortjan, Ervand (1971), “-ül”, in Grammatika azerbajdžanskovo jazyka. Fonetika, morfologija i sintaksis. [Grammar of Azerbaijani language. Phonetics, morphology, syntax.], Baku: Elm, pages 106-108

Hungarian

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [yl]

Suffix

-ül

  1. (verb-forming suffix) Appended to an adjective to form an intransitive verb. It is similar to -edik.
    zöld (“green”) → zöldül (“to become (more) green”)
    szép (“beautiful”) → szépül (“to become (more) beautiful”)
  2. (case suffix) Appended to an adjective to form an adverb (the modal sense of the essive-modal case).
    feltétlen (“unconditional, definite”) → feltétlenül (“unconditionally, definitely”)
    török (“Turkish”) → törökül (“in Turkish”)
  3. (case suffix) as, with the intention of (the essive sense of the the essive-modal case)
    vég (“end”) → végül (“finally, as an end”)

Usage notes
  • (verb-forming suffix) Harmonic variants:
    -ul is added to back vowel words. Final vowel is dropped.
    -ül is added to front vowel words. Final vowel is dropped.
    gyenge (“weak”) → gyengül (“to weaken”)
   Hungarian case suffixes
Case Back vowel
a, á, o, ó, u, ú		 Front vowel
unrounded
e, é, i, í		 rounded
ö, ő, ü, ű
nominative —
accusative -t
-ot / -at -et -öt
dative -nak -nek
instrumental -val -vel
causal-final -ért
translative -vá -vé
terminative -ig
essive-formal -ként
essive-modal -ul -ül
inessive -ban -ben
superessive -n
-on -en -ön
adessive -nál -nél
illative -ba -be
sublative -ra -re
allative -hoz -hez -höz
elative -ból -ből
delative -ról -ről
ablative -tól -től
Note for all endings:
Stem-final -a/-e changes to -á-/-é-, respectively, except -ként.
    alma - almában, but almaként
    zene - zenében, but zeneként
  • (case case) Harmonic variants:
    -ul is added to back vowel words. Final -a changes to -á-.
    -ül is added to front vowel words. Final -e changes to -é-.

Derived terms
► <a class='CategoryTreeLabel CategoryTreeLabelNs14 CategoryTreeLabelCategory' href='/wiki/Category:Hungarian_verbs_suffixed_with_-%C3%BCl' title='Category:Hungarian verbs suffixed with -ül'>Hungarian verbs suffixed with -ül</a>
► <a class='CategoryTreeLabel CategoryTreeLabelNs14 CategoryTreeLabelCategory' href='/wiki/Category:Hungarian_adverbs_suffixed_with_-%C3%BCl' title='Category:Hungarian adverbs suffixed with -ül'>Hungarian adverbs suffixed with -ül</a>
► <a class='CategoryTreeLabel CategoryTreeLabelNs14 CategoryTreeLabelCategory' href='/wiki/Category:Hungarian_words_suffixed_with_-%C3%BCl' title='Category:Hungarian words suffixed with -ül'>Hungarian words suffixed with -ül</a>

See also
  • Appendix:Hungarian suffixes

Volapük

Pronunciation

Suffix

-ül

  1. offspring, young (of an animal)
  2. Hypocoristic or used to denote affection for the noun.

Usage notes
  • In many languages, the diminutive form of a word can also be used to denote not (just) littleness but (also) affection or intimacy (for the word's referent), whereas in Volapük this secondary meaning of the diminutive is split off, since Volapük attempts, somewhat like Lojban, to avoid polysemy.

Derived terms
► <a class='CategoryTreeLabel CategoryTreeLabelNs14 CategoryTreeLabelCategory' href='/wiki/Category:Volap%C3%BCk_words_suffixed_with_-%C3%BCl' title='Category:Volapük words suffixed with -ül'>Volapük words suffixed with -ül</a>
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