-la
Estonian
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *-la. Cognate with Finnish -la.
Suffix
-la (genitive -la, partitive -lat)
Inflection
singular | plural | |
---|---|---|
nominative | -la | -lad |
accusative | -la | -lad |
genitive | -la | -late |
partitive | -lat | -laid |
illative | -lasse | -latesse -laisse |
inessive | -las | -lates -lais |
elative | -last | -latest -laist |
allative | -lale | -latele -laile |
adessive | -lal | -latel -lail |
ablative | -lalt | -latelt -lailt |
translative | -laks | -lateks -laiks |
terminative | -lani | -lateni |
essive | -lana | -latena |
abessive | -lata | -lateta |
comitative | -laga | -latega |
Derived terms
Finnish
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *-la. Cognate with Estonian -la.
Suffix
-la (front vowel harmony variant -lä)
Usage notes
- About 12% of Finns have a surname ending in -la/-lä, transferred from names of farms and small villages.
Declension
Inflection of -la (Kotus type 12/kulkija, no gradation) | |||
---|---|---|---|
nominative | -la | -lat | |
genitive | -lan | -loiden -loitten | |
partitive | -laa | -loita | |
illative | -laan | -loihin | |
singular | plural | ||
nominative | -la | -lat | |
accusative | nom. | -la | -lat |
gen. | -lan | ||
genitive | -lan | -loiden -loitten -lainrare | |
partitive | -laa | -loita | |
inessive | -lassa | -loissa | |
elative | -lasta | -loista | |
illative | -laan | -loihin | |
adessive | -lalla | -loilla | |
ablative | -lalta | -loilta | |
allative | -lalle | -loille | |
essive | -lana | -loina | |
translative | -laksi | -loiksi | |
instructive | — | -loin | |
abessive | -latta | -loitta | |
comitative | — | -loineen |
Derived terms
Italian
Pronoun
-la
Usage notes
The final -e of the original infinitive is removed :
Where the verb ends in -rre, the final re is removed, leaving behind just an -r:
- introdurre (“to introduce”) → introdurla (“to introduce her”)
In any case, after the suffixation, there is only a single r and no vowels immediately before -la.
Latin
Pitjantjatjara
Usage notes
Bound pronouns can be used instead of the regular "long form" pronouns. They act as clitics that attach to the last word of the first noun phrase in the sentence, or the conjunctions ka or munu if present.
Related terms
Singular | Dual | Plural | |
---|---|---|---|
First person | ngayulu (I) Bound form: -ṉa |
ngali (we two) Bound form: -li |
nganaṉa (we, more than two) Bound form: -la |
Second person | nyuntu (you) Bound form: -n |
nyupali (you two) | nyura (you, more than two) |
Third person | paluṟu (he/she/it) | pula (they two) | tjana (they, more than two) Bound form: -ya |
Preposition
-la
Usage notes
This preposition is added to the end of the proper noun. Sometimes a helper vowel can be added before -la to make it end with a vowel. -ta should be used instead if the word ends with n or l.
Suffix
-la
- Makes "la" class verbs into commands.
Usage notes
It is added to the end of the verb stem (of the last verb in the series if there is a series of verbs in the command). Sometimes the pronoun -ya can be added after -la, this makes the command addressed to a group of people. Here that pronoun means second person plural instead of third person.
Turkish
Suffix
-la
Usage notes
- If the word's last vowel is a front vowel (e, i, ö, ü), the ending becomes "-le".
- annemle / trenle - with my mother / by train
- kuzenimle - with my cousin
- gözünle / troleybüsle - with your eye / by trolley bus
- If the word ends in a vowel, the ending becomes "-yla", or after front vowel, "-yle".
- arabayla - by car
- korkuyla - with fear
- gemiyle - by ship
- sevgiyle - with love
- If the ending is added to a proper noun, it must be used with an apostrophe.
- Unlike most Turkish suffixes, this suffix is always unstressed; the stress in the combined word remains where it was in the word before suffixing.
- When "-yla" is added to a word ending in the back vowel "ı", the latter is raised to the front vowel "i" in the pronunciation; for example, the word dolayısıyla ("consequently") is pronounced as if it were dolayısiyla, thus violating the usual vowel harmony. This change in pronunciation is not reflected in the orthography.