-w
See also: Appendix:Variations of "w"
Egyptian
Etymology 1
Possibly derived from a lengthened form of Proto-Afro-Asiatic *-u (nominative case marker).
Pronunciation
- (reconstructed) IPA(key): /aw/, /w/ → /aw/, /w/ → /(ə)/, /ʔ/, /w/
- (modern Egyptological) IPA(key): /uː/
- Conventional anglicization: -u
Usage notes
The plural is occasionally represented by writing the phonetic or determinative glyph three times, e.g. tꜣw:
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Etymology 2
From Proto-Afro-Asiatic *-u (nominative case marker).
Pronunciation
- (reconstructed) IPA(key): /w/ → /w/ → /(w)/
- (modern Egyptological) IPA(key): /uː/
- Conventional anglicization: -u
Suffix
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Usage notes
In good orthography, -w is written with a-stem nouns but left unwritten with u-stem nouns, hence hrww, rꜥw are written hrw, rꜥ.
Etymology 3
Suffix
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- Forms agent nouns from verbs.
Etymology 4
Suffix
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- Forms adverbs from certain adjectives; -ly
- Forms prepositional adverbs from certain prepositions.
Etymology 5
Suffix
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- Forms the negatival complement of all verbs except geminate and anomalous verbs.
Usage notes
Often this ending is entirely omitted.
Etymology 6
Suffix
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- Forms the prospective of all verbs except second geminate, strong bi- and triliteral, and (usually) anomalous verbs.
- Forms the prospective passive of all verbs except fourth weak, strong bi- and triliteral, and (usually) anomalous verbs.
- Forms the perfect passive of all verbs except second geminate verbs.
Usage notes
Often this ending is entirely omitted.
Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of -w
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-y | |||
chiefly in weak verbs |
Etymology 7
Suffix
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- Optionally marks the masculine singular imperfective passive participle, intervening between the stem and the gender/number endings.
- Optionally marks the masculine singular imperfective relative form of all verbs, intervening between the stem and the gender/number endings.
Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of -w
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-w | -y | |||||
relative form only; rare |
Etymology 8
Suffix
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- Optionally marks the masculine singular perfective passive participle of strong verbs, intervening between the stem and the gender/number endings.
Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of -w
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-w | -y |
References
- James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, 354, etc. page 328–329, 354, etc..
- Loprieno, Antonio (1995) Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 58–59, 251
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