-ról

Hungarian

Etymology

From Proto-Uralic *roγ- (“nearness”) or Proto-Ugric *raŋɜ (“surface”) + -l (“archaic ablative case suffix”) formed the suffixed nominal *roγol. This turned into a postposition during the ancient Hungarian era. The γ inside the word was dropped and the shortened ról lost its independent role and became a case suffix. Its harmonic variant -ről appeared in the early Old Hungarian era.[1][2]

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): [roːl]
  • Audio(file)

Suffix

-ról

  1. (case suffix) Used to form the delative case, indicating movement from a surface.
    1. from (place)
      Magyarországról kaptam egy levelet. ― I received a letter from Hungary.
      Leesett a lóról. ― He fell from the horse.
    2. off (place)
      Levette a poharat az asztalról. ― She took the glass off the table.
      Leszálltak a vonatról. ― They got off the train.
    3. from (time)
      napról napra ― from day to day
    4. of, about, on
      Sokszor beszél a családjáról. ― He often talks about his family.

Usage notes
   Hungarian case suffixes
Case Back vowel
a, á, o, ó, u, ú		 Front vowel
unrounded
e, é, i, í		 rounded
ö, ő, ü, ű
nominative —
accusative -t
-ot / -at -et -öt
dative -nak -nek
instrumental -val -vel
causal-final -ért
translative -vá -vé
terminative -ig
essive-formal -ként
essive-modal -ul -ül
inessive -ban -ben
superessive -n
-on -en -ön
adessive -nál -nél
illative -ba -be
sublative -ra -re
allative -hoz -hez -höz
elative -ból -ből
delative -ról -ről
ablative -tól -től
Note for all endings:
Stem-final -a/-e changes to -á-/-é-, respectively, except -ként.
    alma - almában, but almaként
    zene - zenében, but zeneként
  • (case suffix) Harmonic variants:
    -ról is added to back vowel words. Final -a changes to -á-.
    fa (“tree”) → A gesztenye lehullott a fáról. - The chestnuts had fallen off the tree.
    -ről is added to front vowel words. Final -e changes to -é-.
    zene (“music”) → A zenéről beszélgettünk. - We were talking about music.

See also
  • róla
  • Category:Hungarian words taking -ról/-ről
  • Appendix:Hungarian suffixes

References
  1. Entry #1836 in Uralonet, online Uralic etymological database of the Research Institute for Linguistics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences.
  2. Zaicz, Gábor. Etimológiai szótár: Magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete (’Dictionary of Etymology: The origin of Hungarian words and affixes’). Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó, 2006, →ISBN
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