China National Highways

China National Highways
CNH (Guodao) trunk road marker
CNH Trunk roads in China
Highway names
CNH: GXXX (red)
System links
China National Highways

The China National Highways (CNH/Guodao) (simplified Chinese: 中华人民共和国国道; traditional Chinese: 中華人民共和國國道; pinyin: Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó Guódào) is a network of trunk roads across mainland China. Although they are called "highways" (e.g., the Jingbao Highway), they are not necessarily freeways. However, like expressways, a toll is sometimes charged.

History

Predecessor

The first state highway recorded in China dates back more than two thousand years ago to the Qin Dynasty when the first emperor Qin Shihuang built a 750 kilometres (470 mi) highway, linking its capital Xianyang to the northerly border of Erdos as a defensive maneuver.[1]

Construction

Map of China National Highway Plan (2013-30)

The building of highways is seen as key to accelerating infrastructure construction. In 2003, completed investment in highway construction was 350 billion yuan and 219 key highway projects progressed, focusing mainly on the five north-south and seven east-west national arterial highways as well as highways in western China and in rural areas. By the end of 2004, the total length of highways open to traffic reached 1.871 million km, including 34,300 km (21,300 mi) of expressways up to advanced modern transportation standard, ranking second in the world. The nation's highway density has now reached 19.5 km per 100 km2.

With the completion in 2008 of the five north-south and the seven east-west national arterial highways, totaling 35,000 km (22,000 mi), Beijing and Shanghai were linked by major highways, chiefly expressways, to the capitals of all provinces and autonomous regions of China, creating highway connections between over 200 cities.

The aim of the National Expressway Network Plan approved in early 2005 is an expressway system connecting all capitals of provinces and autonomous regions with Beijing and with each other, linking major cities and important counties. The network will have a total length of about 85,000 km (53,000 mi), including seven originating in Beijing; the Beijing-Shanghai, Beijing-Taipei, Beijing-Hong Kong-Macau, Beijing-Kunming, Beijing-Lhasa, Beijing-Ürümqi, and Beijing-Harbin expressways. Half of the projects are already completed.

In 2013 the Ministry of Transport announced the "National Highway Network Planning (2013 - 2030)", which will bring the total number of highways to 119, with 81 connecting highways between them. The total mileage will be increased to 265,000 km (165,000 mi), with increased focus on the western and less developed regions.[2]

Regulation

Toll plaza on the combined G106/G316 in the center of the town of Futu, in Huangshi Municipality, Hubei

Although an accepted speed limit on China National Highways is 100 km/h, it is common to see cars pass other by in well in excess of 100 km/h. The lack of speed detection cameras on some routes, lack of a posted speed limit outside of localities and tremendous distances of road mileage, means that enforcing this speed limit is rather herculean. In addition there is a notable shortage of traffic police in mainland China.

Nationwide highways often begin with the letter G, followed by three numerals, e.g.: G107. It is said that the G stands for 国家 (guójiā), or national.[3]

The numbering of the highways is as follows:

  • Five vertical and seven horizontal main routes were labelled in the former 000 series (the so-called "five downs and seven acrosses"), although these have been deprecated in favour of the "NTHS" (7918) system.
  • Highways in the 100 series (e.g. 102, 106) begin from Beijing - the capital city of the People's Republic of China - and spread out in all compass directions, except for China National Highway 112, which originates in Xuanhua as it is a ring around Beijing.
  • Highways in the 200 series stretch from north to south (e.g., from Hohhot in Inner Mongolia through to Beihai in Guangxi province);
  • Highways in the 300 series stretch from east to west (e.g., from Shanghai through to Ruili in Yunnan province);
  • Highways in the 500 series are connecting roads between other national highways.

In major cities, there is usually a gap in the road within the city.

List of all China National Highways

Typical kilometer marker: 1,284 km (798 mi) from Beijing on G106
Road sign using GZxx format on the old G025 (new G109) near Qinghai Lake

Highways listed in red were planned but never built, or have been abandoned or redesignated. Those listed in yellow are currently partially finished. Those listed in grey are under construction or still in planning.

Former 000 Series

Note: 000 Series China National Highways pointed to five specific vertical routes, as well as seven specific horizontal routes. Routes ending in "0" were north-south (vertical) routes; routes ending in "5" were east-west (horizontal) routes. The new system with two to four numbers that indicate the "NTHS" (7918) system is now in use instead of the 000 Series. For the expressways' new numbering system, see Expressways of China.

It seems that the old 0xx numbers are still signposted using the format GZxx, e.g. in the Qinghai province, there are signs at the G109 (old G025) showing the number GZ25.

NumberNameEnglish NameStartpointEndpointLengthNotes
G010010国道China National Highway 010TongjiangSanya5,700 km (3,500 mi)Was the longest China National Highway overall. Now G1011 and part of G1, G15, G1503 and G98.
G015015国道China National Highway 015SuifenheManzhouli2,540 km (1,580 mi)Now G10.
G020020国道China National Highway 020BeijingFuzhou2,540 km (1,580 mi)Now part of G3.
G025025国道China National Highway 025DandongLhasa4,590 km (2,850 mi)Now part of G1113, G1 and G6.
G030030国道China National Highway 030BeijingZhuhai2,310 km (1,440 mi)Now part of G4 and G4025.
G035035国道China National Highway 035QingdaoYinchuan1,610 km (1,000 mi)Now G20.
G040040国道China National Highway 040ErenhotHekou3,610 km (2,240 mi)Now part of G55, G5 and G80, and all of G8011.
G045045国道China National Highway 045LianyungangKhorgas3,980 km (2,470 mi)Now G30.
G050050国道China National Highway 050ChongqingZhanjiang1,430 km (890 mi)Now part of G15 and G75.
G055055国道China National Highway 055ShanghaiChengdu2,970 km (1,850 mi)Now G42.
G065065国道China National Highway 065ShanghaiRuili4,090 km (2,540 mi)Now G60 and part of G56.
G075075国道China National Highway 075HengyangKunming1,980 km (1,230 mi)Now part of G72, G80 and G78.

100 Series

NumberNameEnglish NameStartpointEndpointFinal EndpointCurrent LengthNotes
101国道China National Highway 101BeijingShenyang909 km (565 mi)
102国道China National Highway 102BeijingHarbinFuyuan1,297 km (806 mi)
103国道China National Highway 103BeijingTianjin162 km (101 mi)The shortest China National Highway overall.
104国道China National Highway 104BeijingFuzhouPingtan2,420 km (1,500 mi)
105国道China National Highway 105BeijingZhuhaiMacau2,717 km (1,688 mi)
106国道China National Highway 106BeijingGuangzhou2,466 km (1,532 mi)
107国道China National Highway 107BeijingShenzhenHong Kong2,662 km (1,654 mi)
108国道China National Highway 108BeijingKunming3,356 km (2,085 mi)
109国道China National Highway 109BeijingLhasa3,901 km (2,424 mi)The longest China National Highway from Beijing. Includes the Qinghai-Tibet Highway.
110国道China National Highway 110BeijingYinchuanQingtongxia1,357 km (843 mi)
111国道China National Highway 111BeijingJiagedaqiMohe2,123 km (1,319 mi)
112国道China National Highway 112XuanhuaN/A1,228 km (763 mi)Ring road around Beijing.

200 Series

NumberNameEnglish NameStartpointFinal StartpointEndpointFinal EndpointCurrent LengthNotes
201国道China National Highway 201HegangDalian1,964 km (1,220 mi)
202国道China National Highway 202HeiheDalian1,818 km (1,130 mi)
203国道China National Highway 203MingshuiSuihuaShenyang720 km (450 mi)
204国道China National Highway 204YantaiShanghai1,031 km (641 mi)
205国道China National Highway 205QinhuangdaoShanhai PassShenzhen3,160 km (1,960 mi)
206国道China National Highway 206YantaiWeihaiShantou2,375 km (1,476 mi)
207国道China National Highway 207XilinhotUlanhotHai'an3,738 km (2,323 mi)The longest north-south China National Highway.
208国道China National Highway 208ErenhotChangzhiXichuan990 km (620 mi)
209国道China National Highway 209HohhotSonid Left BannerBeihai3,435 km (2,134 mi)
210国道China National Highway 210BaotouMandulaNanningFangchenggang3,097 km (1,924 mi)
211国道China National Highway 211YinchuanXi'anRongjiang691 km (429 mi)
212国道China National Highway 212LanzhouChongqingLongbon1,302 km (809 mi)
213国道China National Highway 213LanzhouCekeMohan2,977 km (1,850 mi)
214国道China National Highway 214XiningJinghongLancang3,296 km (2,048 mi)
215国道China National Highway 215HongliuyuanMazongshanGolmudNing'er641 km (398 mi)
216国道China National Highway 216AltayHongshanzuiBaluntaiGyirong857 km (533 mi)
217国道China National Highway 217AltayKarakaxTashkurgan1,753 km (1,089 mi)
218国道China National Highway 218YiningKhorgasRuoqiang1,067 km (663 mi)
219国道China National Highway 219YechengKanas LakeLhatseDongxing2,342 km (1,455 mi)Will become the longest China National Highway overall.
220国道China National Highway 220BinzhouDongyingZhengzhouShenzhen585 km (364 mi)
221国道China National Highway 221TongjiangHarbin668 km (415 mi)
222国道China National Highway 222YichunJiayinHarbinLinjiang363 km (226 mi)
223国道China National Highway 223HaikouEastern Sanya323 km (201 mi)
224国道China National Highway 224HaikouCentral Sanya309 km (192 mi)The shortest north-south China National Highway.
225国道China National Highway 225HaikouWestern Sanya429 km (267 mi)
226国道China National Highway 226ChuxiongMojiang288 km (179 mi)Planned but cancelled. Eventually built as Yunnan S218.
227国道China National Highway 227ZhangyeXiningMenglian347 km (216 mi)
228国道China National Highway 228TaipeiN/A956 km (594 mi)Hypothetical ring road around Taiwan. Never built due to the political status of Taiwan. Designation abandoned in 2013.
228国道China National Highway 228DandongDongxing
229国道China National Highway 229RaoheGaizhou
230国道China National Highway 230TonghuaWuhan
231国道China National Highway 231NenjiangShuangliao
232国道China National Highway 232YakeshiSiping
233国道China National Highway 233HeshigtenHuangshan
234国道China National Highway 234XinglongYangjiang
235国道China National Highway 235XinyiHaifeng
236国道China National Highway 236WuhuShanwei
237国道China National Highway 237JiningNingde
238国道China National Highway 238NanchangHualai
239国道China National Highway 239Xulun HohYangquan
240国道China National Highway 240BaodingTaishan
241国道China National Highway 241HohhotBeihai
242国道China National Highway 242GanqimaoduQinzhou
243国道China National Highway 243KaiPingxiang
244国道China National Highway 244WuhaiChongqing
245国道China National Highway 245BazhongJinping
246国道China National Highway 246SuiningMalipo
247国道China National Highway 247JingtaiZhaotong
248国道China National Highway 248LanzhouMaguan

300 Series

NumberNameEnglish NameStartpointFinal StartpointEndpointFinal EndpointCurrent LengthNotes
301国道China National Highway 301SuifenheManzhouli1,680 km (1,040 mi)
302国道China National Highway 302HunchunUlanhotArxan1,028 km (639 mi)
303国道China National Highway 303Ji'anXilinhotAbag1,263 km (785 mi)
304国道China National Highway 304DandongHolingol889 km (552 mi)
305国道China National Highway 305ZhuangheBairin Left BannerWest Ujimqin Banner815 km (506 mi)
306国道China National Highway 306SuizhongHeshigtenZhu'engadabuqi497 km (309 mi)
307国道China National Highway 307HuanghuaYinchuanShandan1,351 km (839 mi)
308国道China National Highway 308QingdaoWeihaiShijiazhuang637 km (396 mi)
309国道China National Highway 309RongchengLanzhou2,208 km (1,372 mi)
310国道China National Highway 310LianyungangTianshuiGonghe1,613 km (1,002 mi)
311国道China National Highway 311XuzhouLianyungangXixiaLuanchuan748 km (465 mi)
312国道China National Highway 312ShanghaiKhorgas4,967 km (3,086 mi)
313国道China National Highway 313GuazhouRuoqiang821 km (510 mi)Now part of Gansu S314, G215 and Gansu S313, as well as partially abandoned.
314国道China National Highway 314ÜrümqiKhunjerab Pass1,948 km (1,210 mi)Includes the Chinese part of the Karakoram Highway.
315国道China National Highway 315XiningKashgarTurugart3,063 km (1,903 mi)
316国道China National Highway 316FuzhouChangleLanzhouTongren2,915 km (1,811 mi)
317国道China National Highway 317ChengduNagquGar2,043 km (1,269 mi)
318国道China National Highway 318ShanghaiZhangmu5,476 km (3,403 mi)The longest China National Highway overall.
319国道China National Highway 319XiamenKaohsiungChengdu2,984 km (1,854 mi)
320国道China National Highway 320ShanghaiRuili3,695 km (2,296 mi)
321国道China National Highway 321GuangzhouChengdu2,220 km (1,380 mi)
322国道China National Highway 322HengyangRui'anFriendship Pass1,039 km (646 mi)
323国道China National Highway 323RuijinLincang2,915 km (1,811 mi)
324国道China National Highway 324FuzhouKunming2,712 km (1,685 mi)
325国道China National Highway 325GuangzhouNanning868 km (539 mi)
326国道China National Highway 326XiushanHekou1,562 km (971 mi)
327国道China National Highway 327LianyungangHezeGuyuan424 km (263 mi)
328国道China National Highway 328Hai'anQidongNanjingLaohekou224 km (139 mi)The shortest east-west China National Highway.
329国道China National Highway 329ZhoushanHangzhouLushan292 km (181 mi)
330国道China National Highway 330WenzhouShouchangHefei327 km (203 mi)
331国道China National Highway 331DandongAltay
332国道China National Highway 332LuobeiEbuduge
333国道China National Highway 333SanheMorin Dawa
334国道China National Highway 334LongjingEast Ujimqin Banner
335国道China National Highway 335ChengdeTacheng
336国道China National Highway 336TianjinShenmu
337国道China National Highway 337HuanghuaYulin
338国道China National Highway 338HaixingTianjun
339国道China National Highway 339BinzhouYulin
340国道China National Highway 340DongyingZichang
341国道China National Highway 341JiaonanHaiyan
342国道China National Highway 342RizhaoFeng
343国道China National Highway 343DafengLushi
344国道China National Highway 344DongtaiLingwu
345国道China National Highway 345QidongNagqu
346国道China National Highway 346ShanghaiAnkang
347国道China National Highway 347NanjingDelingha
348国道China National Highway 348WuhanDali
349国道China National Highway 349DonghuaSaga
350国道China National Highway 350LichuanLuhuo
351国道China National Highway 351TaizhouXiaojin
352国道China National Highway 352ZhangjiajieQiaojia
353国道China National Highway 353NingdeFugong
354国道China National Highway 354NanchangXingyi
355国道China National Highway 355FuzhouBama
356国道China National Highway 356MeizhouXichang
357国道China National Highway 357DongshanLushui
358国道China National Highway 358ShishiShuikou
359国道China National Highway 359FoshanFuning
360国道China National Highway 360WenchangLingao
361国道China National Highway 361LingshuiChangjiang

500 Series

NumberNameEnglish NameStartpointFinal StartpointEndpointFinal EndpointCurrent LengthNotes
501国道China National Highway 501JixianDangbizhen
502国道China National Highway 502KedongQiqihar
503国道China National Highway 503WuchangTongyu
504国道China National Highway 504FusongGongzhuling
505国道China National Highway 505KaiyuanNaiman
506国道China National Highway 506Ji'anBenxi
507国道China National Highway 507ChanghaiChangxing Island
508国道China National Highway 508ChifengCaofeidian
509国道China National Highway 509JingtangTongzhou
510国道China National Highway 510WeichangChahar Right Back Banner
511国道China National Highway 511Sonid Right BannerZhangbei
512国道China National Highway 512WanquanDalad
513国道China National Highway 513LinyiDezhou
514国道China National Highway 514QiheHandan
515国道China National Highway 515DingzhouXun
516国道China National Highway 516ZhanhuaQingzhou
517国道China National Highway 517ChangdaoLaixi
518国道China National Highway 518RizhaoDingtao
519国道China National Highway 519YusheLucheng
520国道China National Highway 520LinfenYan'an
521国道China National Highway 521YunchengTongguan
522国道China National Highway 522YuanquTongguan
523国道China National Highway 523TaizhouDanyang
524国道China National Highway 524ChangshuHaining
525国道China National Highway 525PinghuHangzhou
526国道China National Highway 526Shengsi Connecting Road
527国道China National Highway 527XiangshanYiwu
528国道China National Highway 528LongyouGuangchang
529国道China National Highway 529JinzhaiYuexi
530国道China National Highway 530HuangshanHukou
531国道China National Highway 531Duchang Connecting Road
532国道China National Highway 532JiujiangDe'an
533国道China National Highway 533ZhangshuFenyi
534国道China National Highway 534FuqingChangting
535国道China National Highway 535DingnanYizhang
536国道China National Highway 536TaojiangXupu
537国道China National Highway 537NingyuanLianzhou
538国道China National Highway 538JiangyongZhongshan
539国道China National Highway 539JiedongNan'ao
540国道China National Highway 540Mao YangJiusuo
541国道China National Highway 541ShiquanWuxi
542国道China National Highway 542GuangyuanWanzhou
543国道China National Highway 543QingchuanPingwu
544国道China National Highway 544JiuzhaigouChuanzhusi
545国道China National Highway 545MaoDeyang
546国道China National Highway 546NaxiXishui
547国道China National Highway 547YibinXingwen
548国道China National Highway 548BanmaSêrtar
549国道China National Highway 549ShimianDêrong
550国道China National Highway 550YuexiMianning
551国道China National Highway 551ZhenyuanFuquan
552国道China National Highway 552LiboAnlong
553国道China National Highway 553MengziYuanjiang
554国道China National Highway 554YongshengXiangyun
555国道China National Highway 555Shidian Connecting Road
556国道China National Highway 556Zhen'anRuili
557国道China National Highway 557Gonjo Connecting Road
558国道China National Highway 558BiruBanbar
559国道China National Highway 559ZayüMêdog
560国道China National Highway 560MainlingCona
561国道China National Highway 561DamxungLhasa
562国道China National Highway 562BaingoinYadong
563国道China National Highway 563Sa'gya Connecting Road
564国道China National Highway 564Burang Connecting Road
565国道China National Highway 565Zanda Connecting Road
566国道China National Highway 566XijiTianshui
567国道China National Highway 567LiKang
568国道China National Highway 568LanzhouLuqu
569国道China National Highway 569Mandela SumuDatong
570国道China National Highway 570Yongchang Connecting Road
571国道China National Highway 571Subei Connecting Road
572国道China National Highway 572GuinanUlan
573国道China National Highway 573ZêkogXinghai
574国道China National Highway 574Chindu Connecting Road
575国道China National Highway 575LaoyemiaoHami
576国道China National Highway 576BeitunShihezi
577国道China National Highway 577JingheZhaosu
578国道China National Highway 578XinyuanNilka
579国道China National Highway 579Baicheng Connecting Road
580国道China National Highway 580AksuKangxiwa
581国道China National Highway 581KashgarErkeshtam

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Exhibition unveils China's ancient "state highway" in Qin Dynasty". Xinhua. 2016-10-26. Retrieved 2016-10-26.
  2. ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2013-12-02. Retrieved 2015-04-29.
  3. ↑ China's Highroad to Highway Success
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