Multilingualism in India

The Constitution of India designates the official languages of India as Hindi and English. [1] The number of bilingual speakers in India is 314.9 million, which is 26% of the population in 2011.[2][3]

Multilingualism

Hindi

Hindi is one of the official languages of India and had 422 million native speakers as of the 2011 Census. About 98.2 million Indians speak Hindi as a second language and 31.2 million speak it as their third language.[3]

First, second, and third languages by number of speakers in India (2001 Census)
Language First language
speakers[4][5]		 First language
speakers as a percentage

of total population[6]

 Second language
speakers[5]		 Third language
speakers[5]		 Total speakers[3][5] Total speakers as a

percentage of total

population[6]

Hindi 422,048,642 41.03 98,207,180 31,160,696 551,416,518 53.60
English 226,449 0.02 86,125,221 38,993,066 125,344,736 12.18
Bengali 83,369,769 8.10 6,637,222 1,108,088 91,115,079 8.86
Telugu 74,002,856 7.19 9,723,626 1,266,019 84,992,501 8.26
Marathi 71,936,894 6.99 9,546,414 2,701,498 84,184,806 8.18
Tamil 60,793,814 5.91 4,992,253 956,335 66,742,402 6.49
Urdu 51,536,111 5.01 6,535,489 1,007,912 59,079,512 5.74
Kannada 37,924,011 3.69 11,455,287 1,396,428 50,775,726 4.94
Gujarati 46,091,617 4.48 3,476,355 703,989 50,271,961 4.89
Odia 33,017,446 3.21 3,272,151 319,525 36,609,122 3.56
Malayalam 33,066,392 3.21 499,188 195,885 33,761,465 3.28
Sanskrit 14,135 <0.01 1,234,931 3,742,223 4,991,289 0.49

See also

References

  1. ↑ "Constitutional Provisions: Official Language Related Part-17 of The Constitution Of India". Department of Official Language, Government of India. Archived from the original on 1 February 2016. Retrieved 1 July 2015.
  2. ↑ "Hindi migrants speaking Marathi rise to 60 lakh".
  3. 1 2 3 "Indiaspeak: English is our 2nd language". Times of India. Retrieved 28 December 2017.
  4. ↑ "Census of India: Comparative speaker's strength of Scheduled Languages-1971, 1981, 1991 and 2001". Censusindia.gov.in. Retrieved 28 December 2017.
  5. 1 2 3 4 "Sanskrit and English: there's no competition". Thehindu.com. Retrieved 28 December 2017.
  6. 1 2 "Census of India : India at a glance / Population". Censusindia.gov.in. Retrieved 28 December 2017.
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