Economy of Tamil Nadu

Economy of Tamil Nadu
Statistics
GDP ₹15.96 lakh crore (US$220 billion) (2018-19)[1]
GDP rank 2nd
GDP per capita
 ₹157,116 (US$2,200) (2016-17)[2]
GDP per capita rank
 11th
GDP by sector
 Agriculture: 21%
Industry: 34%
Services: 45% (2014-15)
Population below poverty line
 6.3%
Unemployment 6%
External
Exports ₹2.05 lakh crore (US$29 billion) (2017-2018)
Export goods
 automobiles[3], mobile phone[4], software, electronics, Telecommunications equipment[5], armaments[6], locomotives[7], machinery, steel, aluminium, transportation equipment[8], tyres, textiles, footwear, leather, chemicals, cement, plastics, toys, food processing, seafood, vegetables, fruits, tea and coffee
Main export partners
  United States
 Europe
 Australia[9]
 Japan
 China
 South Korea
 Russia
 Singapore
 UAE
 Sri Lanka
 Saudi Arabia
 Malaysia
FDI stock
 ₹25,049 crore (US$3.5 billion) (2017-2018)[10]
Public finances
₹3.55 lakh crore (US$49 billion) (2019)[11]
22.29% of GSDP
Stats about Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu - India's Economic Powerhouse.
Tamil Nadu's Contribution to India's Industrial Output
Strategic Location of Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu strong Social and educational Infrastructure.
Tamil Nadu Rankings
Tamil Nadu Statistics

Tamil Nadu has the second-largest economy in India. Over 50% of the state is urbanized, accounting for 9.6% of the urban population in the country, while only comprising 6% of India's total population. Services contributes to 45% of the economic activity in the state, followed by manufacturing at 34% and agriculture at 21%. Government is the major investor in the state, with 52% of total investments, followed by private Indian investors at 29.9% and foreign private investors at 14.9%. It has been ranked as the most economically free state in India by the Economic Freedom Rankings for the States of India.[12]

Tamil Nadu - Automobile Hub of India
Textile industry in Tamil Nadu
Tirupur - India's Knitting City
Electronic Hardware Sector in Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu - Leather Hub of India.
Sivakasi - Fireworks Hub of India
Tamil Nadu Service Sector

Macroeconomic trend

This is a chart of trend of gross state domestic product of Tamil Nadu at market prices estimated in Crore Indian rupees.

YearGross state domestic product
2011₹751,910 crore (US$100 billion)
2015₹976,703 crore (US$140 billion)
2017₹1,596,810 crore (US$220 billion)
2019₹2,183,000 crore (US$300 billion)(RE)

Agriculture and Livestock

Paddy fields in Kanyakumari District

Tamil Nadu has historically been an agricultural state, while its advances in other fields launched the state into competition with other areas. Agriculture is heavily dependent on the river water and monsoon rains. The perennial rivers are Palar, Cheyyar, Ponnaiyar, Kaveri, Meyar, Bhavani, Amaravathi, Vaigai, Chittar and Tamaraparani. Non-perennial rivers include the Vellar, Noyyal, Suruli, Siruvani, Gundar, Vaipar, Valparai and Varshali. Tamil Nadu is also the leading producer of kambu, corn, rye, groundnut, oil seeds and sugarcane in India. At present, Tamil Nadu is India's second-biggest producer of rice.[13] Tamil Nadu is the home to Dr. M. S. Swaminathan, known as the "father of the Green Revolution" in India.[14] The state is one of the major producers of turmeric in India.

Given below is a table of 2015 national output share of select agricultural crops and allied segments in Tamil Nadu based on 2011 prices[15]

SegmentNational Share %
Drumstick98.0
Tapioca44.4
Floriculture38.3
Gooseberry31.7
Coconut29.1
Tamarind25.3
Meat24.3
Turmeric21.0
Banana19.4
Ragi17.8
Horsegram17.5
Sapota15.7
Urd14.7
Groundnut14.2
Cucumber12.6
Maize12.3
Egg12.2
Carrot12.1
Marine fish11.8
Gur11.6
Water melon11.4
Jackfruit10.9
Jowar10.6
Tea8.5
Cocoa8.2
Moong7.9
Oilseed7.7
Papaya7.4
Paddy6.9
Bean6.7
Fruit and vegetable6.3
Sugarcane6.1
Mango5.8
Bitter gourd5.6
Pear5.3
Sericulture and Apiculture5.3

Industry and manufacturing

One of the global electrical equipment public sector company BHEL has manufacturing plants at Tiruchirappalli and Ranipet. The Tamil Nadu state government owns the Tamil Nadu Newsprint and Papers (TNPL),[16] the world's biggest bagasse-based paper mills in Karur as well as the world's sixth largest manufacturer of watches together with TATA, under the brand name of "Titan" which has manufacturing plant in Coimbatore.[17] 40 percent of all wind-generated electricity in India is created by windmills in Tamil Nadu. Danish wind power company NEG Micon has established its manufacturing unit in Chennai.[18] Tamil Nadu is a leading producer of cement in India and with manufacturing units located at Ariyalur, Coimbatore and Tirunelveli. High-density PolyEthylene (HDPE) mono filament yarn and associated products are manufactured in Karur for mosquito nets and fishing nets. More than 60% mosquito nets in India are manufactured here. The region around Salem is rich in mineral ores. The country's largest steel public sector undertaking, SAIL, has a steel plant in Salem.

Coimbatore is major Industrial hub in South India and it houses more than 30,000 small, medium and large industries. Coimbatore is known as "Manchester of South India" due to its extensive textile industry and also referred to as "the Pump City" as it supplies two thirds of India's requirements of motors and pumps. The city is one of the largest exporters of textile, jewellery, wet grinders, poultry and auto components and the term "Coimbatore Wet Grinder" has been given a Geographical indication. Larsen & Toubro has 300 acre huge manufacturing campus in Coimbatore which houses various units of company, manufactures aerospace and defence parts for leading players in the market.

Thoothukudi is known as "Gateway of Tamilnadu". Thoothukudi is the major chemical producer in the state. It produces the 70 percent of the total salt production in the state and 30 percent in the country.

Automotive

Chennai is nicknamed as "The Detroit of Asia".[19] Chennai is home to large number of auto component industries. Over 11.2% of the S&P CNX 500 conglomerates have corporate offices in Tamil Nadu. Tamil Nadu has manufacturing facilities from automobiles, railway coaches, battle-tanks, tractors, motorbikes and heavy vehicles to ships.

Alstom has a manufacturing facility in Coimbatore which manufactures rail transportation products.

Vehicle Parts Manufacturers

MRF the local tyre manufacturer is located in Chennai and Perambalur. TI cycles of Murugappa group have their units in Chennai. UCAL Carburettors, TRW Rane, TVS Group are established in Hosur.TVS Srichakra Tyre works at Madurai. Coimbatore is home to Pricol, Elgi Equipments, Craftsman, Roots Horn, Rolon Chains and numerous Tier-I part suppliers.

Transportation Industry

About 40 per cent of the trucks operated in the State are from Tiruchengode, Sankagiri, Namakkal and an area noted for its truck body building; over 18,000 trucks. Karur is well known for its bus body building industries where most of the coaches for buses used in south India are built. Heavy load trucks 12 and 14 wheels trucks are operated mostly from Sankagiri region. Tiruchengode is famous for borewell drilling industry.

Textiles

Tamil Nadu is the largest textile hub of India. Coimbatore often referred as the "Manchester of South India" due to its cotton production and textile industries. The textile industry plays a significant role in the Indian economy by providing direct employment to an estimated 35 million people, and thereby contributing 4% of GDP and 35% of gross export earnings. The textile sector contributes to 14% of the manufacturing sector. From Spinning to garment manufacturing, entire textile production chain facilities are in Tamil Nadu. About half of India's total spinning mill capacity is in Tamil Nadu. The western part of Tamil Nadu comprising Coimbatore, Tirupur, Erode , Karur and Dindigul has the majority of spinning mills manufacturing cotton/polyester/blended yarn, open end yarn and silk yarn used by garment units in Tamil Nadu, Maharastra etc. Yarn is also exported to China, Bangladesh etc. Tirupur knitted garment units have been exporting garments for about 3 decades with 2015-16 exports in the range of USD 3 Billion. Karur is the major home textile (Curtain cloth, bed linens, kitchen linens, toilet linens, table linens, wall hangings etc.) manufacturing and export hub in India. Erode is the main cloth market in south India for both retail and wholesale ready-mades. Madras (Chennai) has a large presence of woven garments (shirts/pants) manufacturing units. Madurai and Kanchipuram are famous for handloom sarees exported / sold all over India. Lakshmi Machine Works [LMW], one of the three major textile machinery manufacturing companies in the world is located in Coimbatore. Savio also has a factory in Coimbatore. Many textile component manufacturers are in Coimbatore and some export to the Europe etc.

Electronics

Electronics manufacturing is a growing industry in Tamil Nadu. Chennai has emerged as EMS Hub of India. Companies like Flextronics, Motorola, Sony-Ericsson, Foxconn, Samsung, Cisco, and Dell have chosen Chennai as their South Asian manufacturing hub. Products manufactured include circuit boards and cellular phone handsets.[20] Ericsson also has a Research and Development facility in Chennai.[21] Big EPC companies have set up their Engineering centres which include Saipem India Projects Ltd, Technip, Foster Wheeler, Schneider Electric, Mott MacDonald, Petrofac, Austrian company "Austrian Energy and Environment" have also a design office here besides local giant ECC Larsen & Toubro. Sanmina-SCI is the latest company to invest in Tamil Nadu to create a state of the art manufacturing facility.[22] Nokia Siemens Networks has decided to build a manufacturing plant for wireless network equipment in Tamil Nadu.[23]

The state with a projected population of about 66.5 million in year 2009 has a high mobile market share in India. According to statistics released by Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI), the state had a total subscriber base of 43 million mobile customers at the beginning of August 2009.[24][25]

Leather

Tamil Nadu accounts for 30 per cent of leather exports and about 70 per cent of leather production in the country. Hundreds of leather and tannery facilities are located around Vellore and its nearby towns, such as Ranipet, Ambur and Vaniyambadi. The Vellore district is the top exporter of finished leather goods in the country. Vellore leather accounts for more than 37 percent[26] of the country's export of leather and leather-related products (such as finished leathers, shoes, garments and gloves).

The state accounts for 70 per cent of leather tanning capacity in India and 38 per cent of leather footwear and components. The exports from Tamil Nadu are valued at about US$3.5 billions, which accounts for 42 per cent of Indian leather exports. Hundreds of leather and tannery industries are located around Vellore, Dindigul and Erode its nearby towns such as Ranipet, Ambur, Perundurai and Vaniyambadi. The tanning industry in India has a total capacity of 225 million pieces of hides and skins, of which Tamil Nadu alone contributes 70 per cent, a leading export product share at 40 per cent for India. It currently employs about 2.5 million persons. Leather exports by the end of 2000–2001 were INR90 billion.

Central Leather Research Institute (CLRI), a CSIR research laboratory, is located in Chennai, the state capital.

Fireworks

The town of Sivakasi is a leader in the areas of printing, fireworks, and safety matches. It was fondly called as "Little Japan" by Jawaharlal Nehru. It contributes to 80% of India's fireworks production. Sivakasi provides over 60% of India's total offset printing solutions.

Banking

The first modern bank in Tamil Nadu, Bank of Madras was started by the Britishers in 1843. It was followed by the opening of other banks namely - Arbuthnot & Co, Bank of Chettinad, Bank of Madura, that were latter merged under the supervision of RBI. The state serves as the headquarters for the second most number of banks in India, only next to the financial Capital Mumbai. The banking sector in Tamil Nadu is broadly classified into scheduled banks and non-scheduled banks.All banks included in the Second Schedule to the Reserve Bank of India Act, 1934 are Scheduled Banks. These banks comprise Scheduled Commercial Banks and Scheduled Co-operative Banks. Scheduled Co-operative Banks consist of Scheduled State Co-operative Banks and Scheduled Urban Cooperative Banks. Scheduled Commercial Banks in Tamil Nadu are categorised into five different groups according to their ownership and/or nature of operation:

  • Nationalised Banks
  • Private Sector Banks
  • Foreign Banks
  • Regional Rural Banks
  • Small Finance Banks

The following are the list of Banks based in Tamil Nadu.

Bank NameEstablishedHeadquarterBranchesRevenuesTotal AssetsRef/Notes
Indian Bank1907Chennai2,836₹43,414.34 crore (US$6.0 billion)₹394,771 crore (US$55 billion)[27]
Indian Overseas Bank1937Chennai3,350₹43,120.09 crore (US$6.0 billion)₹374,436.76 crore (US$52 billion)[28]
Karur Vysya Bank1916Karur790₹9,987.3 crore (US$1.4 billion)₹107,663.72 crore (US$15 billion)[29]
City Union Bank1904Thanjavur623₹4,596.4 crore (US$640 million)₹66,289.44 crore (US$9.2 billion)[30]
Tamilnad Mercantile Bank Limited1921Thoothukudi509₹3,911.7 crore (US$540 million)₹63,467.98 crore (US$8.8 billion)[31]
Lakshmi Vilas Bank1926Karur565₹2,568.4 crore (US$360 million)₹56,287.92 crore (US$7.8 billion)[32]
Equitas Small Finance Bank2007Chennai412₹1,908.77 crore (US$270 million)₹23,086.5 crore (US$3.2 billion)[33]
Pandyan Grama Bank1976Virudhunagar327₹1,014.5 crore (US$140 million)₹18,516.02 crore (US$2.6 billion)[34]
Repco Bank1969Chennai153₹984.5 crore (US$140 million)₹16,515 crore (US$2.3 billion)[35]
Pallavan Grama Bank2006Salem256₹736.60 crore (US$100 million)₹14,191.242 crore (US$2.0 billion)[36]
TNSC Bank1905Chennai100+₹485.7 crore (US$68 million)₹11,216 crore (US$1.6 billion)[37]

Mining

This is a chart of proven reserves of major minerals of Tamil Nadu[38] in 2001 by Department of Geology and Mining with figures in tonnes.

MineralReserveNational Share %
Lignite30,275,00087
Vermiculite2,000,00066
Garnet23,000,00042
Zircon8,000,00038
Graphite2,000,00033
Ilmenite98,000,00028
Rutile5,000,00027
Monazite2,000,00025
Magnesite73,000,00017

Tamil Nadu has a few mining projects based on Titanium, Lignite, Magnesite, Graphite, Limestone, Granite and Bauxite.[39] The first one is the Neyveli Lignite Corporation that has led development of large industrial complex around Neyveli in Cuddalore district with Thermal power plants, Fertilizer, Brequetting and Carbonisation plants. Tata Iron and Steel Company (TISCO) have entered into MoU with Government of Tamil Nadu in June 2002 for establishing a titanium dioxide (TiO2) plant with a project outlay of $650 million. Magnesite mining is done at Salem apart from which mining of Bauxite ores are carried out at Yercaud and this region is also rich in Iron Ore Kanjamalai. Molybdenum is found in Dharmapuri, and is the only source in the country.

Energy

The Tamil Nadu Energy Development Agency (TEDA) is a Tamil Nadu government promoting renewable energy sources and energy conservation activities. The agency has largely been responsible for instigating the tremendous growth of Tamil Nadu in the development of wind power.[40] Tamil Nadu is in the forefront of all other Indian states in installed capacity.[41] Muppandal wind farm is a renewable energy source, supplying the villagers with electricity for work.[41][42] Wind farms were built in Nagercoil and Tuticorin apart from already existing ones around Coimbatore, Pollachi, Dharapuram and Udumalaipettai. These areas generate about half of India's 2,000 megawatts of wind energy or two percent of the total power output of India.[43]

Nuclear

The Kalpakkam Nuclear Power Plant, Ennore Thermal Plant, Neyveli Lignite Power Plant, Virudhachalam Ceramics and the Narimanam Natural Gas Plants are major sources of Tamil Nadu's electricity. It is presently adding the Koodankulam Nuclear Power Plant to its energy grid. Tamil Nadu sources some of its power needs from renewable sources with wind power contributing over 2000 MW or over 20% of the needs. Tamil Nadu is facing largest power shortage in 2013 (34.1% deficit), the highest in the country, due to industrialization over the last decade.[44] India's leading steel producer SAIL has a steel plant in Salem, Tamil Nadu.[45] Tamil Nadu ranks first nationwide in diesel-based thermal electricity generation with national market share of over 34%.

Hydel

The Mettur Dam is one of the largest dams in India. It was completed in 1936. The total length of the dam is 1700 meters. It is also called Stanley Reservoir. The Mettur Hydro Electrical power project is also quite large Mettur Dam. Mettur has a number of industries (50 km from Salem city): SISCOL,[46] MALCO (Madras Aluminium Company owned by Vedanta Resources), Chemplast (former known as Mettur Chemicals),[47] Thermal power plant, Hydel power plant and huge number of chemical industries. There are many other dams that provide irrigation and drinking water, including the Vaigai Dam.

Bio-diesel

Tamil Nadu at this time is the only state to have a formal Bio-Diesel Policy to use jatropha crops as a source of biofuel and to distribute wasteland to the poor farmers for the planting of these crops.[48]

Solar

In March 2008, Signet Solar Inc.[49] signed a memorandum of understanding with the State government to build a INR 20 billion thin-film silicon photovoltaic module manufacturing plant in the Sriperumbudur Special Economic Zone.[50] In June 2008, Moser Baer inked a MoU with the state government to build INR 20 billion plant for manufacturing of silicon-based photovoltaic thin film modules and allied products in the Oragadam Special Economic Zone which is closer to the Signet Solar's plant in sriperumbudur.[51]

Transportation

Kathipara Junction in Chennai
Three 747s at Chennai Cargo Terminal. Chennai cargo terminal is the second busiest in India
The Madras Port, the second biggest port in South Asia

Tamil Nadu has a well established transportation system that connects all parts of the state. This is partly responsible for the investment in the state. Though the present transportation system is substantial, it needs to be developed further to keep pace with the rapid increase in use.[52] Tamil Nadu is served by an extensive road network in terms of its spread and quality, providing links between urban centres, agricultural market-places and rural habitations in the countryside.

Road

There are 28 national highways in the state, covering a total distance of 5,036 km (3,129 mi).[53] The state is also a terminus for the Golden Quadrilateral project that is 99.2% completed as of 31 July 2010.[54] Chennai CMBT and Erode Central Bus Terminus are the largest and the second largest bus terminals in Tamil Nadu respectively. The state has a total road length of 167,000 km, of which 60,628 km are maintained by Highways Department. This is nearly 2.5 times higher than the density of all-India road network.[55] It ranks second with a share of over 20% in total road projects under operation in the public-private partnership (PPP) model.[56] It is currently working on upgrading its road network, though the pace of work is considered slow.[57]

Rail

Tamil Nadu has a well-developed rail network as part of Southern Railway. Headquartered at Chennai, the present Southern Railway network extends over a large area of India's Southern Peninsula, covering the states of Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Puducherry, minor portions of Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh. Tamil Nadu has a total railway track length of 6,693 km and there are 690 railway stations in the state. The system connects it with most major cities in India. Main rail junctions in the state include Chennai, Coimbatore, Erode, Madurai, Salem, Tiruchirapalli and Tirunelveli . Chennai has a well-established Suburban Railway network, a Mass Rapid Transport System and is currently developing a Metro system, with its first underground stretch operational since May 2017.[58]

Air

Tamil Nadu has a major international airport, Chennai International Airport, that is connected with 19 countries with more than 400 direct flights every day. Other international airports in Tamil Nadu include Coimbatore International Airport, Madurai International Airport and Tiruchirapalli International Airport. Chennai International Airport is currently the third largest airport in India after Mumbai and Delhi and has a passenger growth of 18%. It also has domestic airports at Tuticorin, Salem and Madurai make several parts of the state easily accessible. Increased industrial activity has given rise to an increase in passenger traffic as well as freight movement which has been growing at over 18 per cent per year.[59]

Ports

Tamil Nadu has three major ports at Chennai, Ennore, Kattupalli and Tuticorin, as well as one intermediate port, Nagapattinam, and seven minor ports, Rameswaram, Kanyakumari, Cuddalore, Colachel, Karaikal, Pamban and Valinokkam of which are currently capable of handling over 73 million metric tonnes of cargo annually (24 per cent share of India). All the minor ports are managed by the Tamil Nadu Maritime Board.[60] Chennai Port is an artificial harbour situated on the Coromandel Coast in South-East India and it is the second principal port in the country for handling containers. It is currently being upgraded to have a dedicated terminal for cars capable of handling 400,000 vehicles by 2009 to be used by Hyundai, Ford and Nissan Renault.[61] Ennore Port was recently converted from an intermediate port to a major port and handles all the coal and ore traffic in Tamil Nadu. The volume of cargo in the ports grew by 13 per cent over 2005.[62][63] The Tuticorin Port is expanding its facilities at the cost of US$1.6 billion.[64] The Sethusamudram Shipping Canal Project will transform the Tuticorin port into a transshipment hub similar to those in Singapore and Colombo. The ports are in need of improvement and some of them have container terminals privatised.

Tourism

The Western Ghats in Kanyakumari District, near the southern end of the range.

Tamil Nadu has since ancient past, has been a hub for tourism. In recent years, the state has emerged as one of the leading tourist destination for both domestic and foreign tourists. Tourism in Tamil Nadu is promoted by Tamil Nadu Tourism Development Corporation (TTDC), a Government of Tamil Nadu undertaking. The state currently ranks the highest among Indian states with about 248 million arrivals in 2013.[65] The annual growth rate of the industry stood at 16 per cent. Approximately 2,804,687 foreign and 111,637,104 domestic tourists visited the state in 2010.[66]

Statue of Thiruvalluvar, Kanniyakumari, Tamil Nadu
Shore Temple, Mahabalipuram (built in 700–728 AD) in Tamil Nadu

The state boasts some of the grand Hindu temples built in Dravidian architecture. The Brihadishwara Temple in Thanjavur, built by the Cholas, the Airavateswara temple in Darasuram and the Shore Temple, along with the collection of other monuments in Mahabalipuram (also called Mamallapuram) have been declared as UNESCO World Heritage Sites. Madurai is home to the Madurai Meenakshi Amman Temple. Sri Ranganathaswamy Temple, Srirangam is the largest functioning temple in the world, Tiruchirappalli where the famous Rockfort Temple is located, Rameshwaram whose temple walk-ways corridor (Praagarams) are the longest 1.2 km (0.75 mi) of all Indian temples in the world, Kanchipuram and Palani are important pilgrimage sites for Hindus. Other popular temples in Tamil Nadu include those in Gangaikonda Cholapuram, Chidambaram, Thiruvannaamalai, Tiruchendur, Tiruvarur, Kumbakonam, Srivilliputhur, Tiruttani, Namakkal, Vellore, Karur, Bhavani, Coimbatore, Kanniyakumari.

Tamil Nadu is also home to hill stations like Udhagamandalam (Ooty), Kodaikanal, Yercaud, Coonoor, Topslip, Valparai, Yelagiri and Manjolai. The Nilgiri hills, Palani hills, Shevaroy hills, Kolli Hills and Cardamom hills are all abodes of thick forests and wildlife. Tamil Nadu has many National Parks, Biosphere Reserves, Wildlife Sanctuaries, Elephant and Bird Sanctuaries, Reserved Forests, Zoos and Crocodile farms. Prominent among them are Mudumalai National Park, The Gulf of Mannar Biosphere Reserve, Anaimalai Wildlife Sanctuary, Vedanthangal Bird Sanctuary and Arignar Anna Zoological Park. The mangrove forests at Pichavaram are also eco-tourism spots of importance.

Kanyakumari, the southernmost tip of peninsular India, is famous for its beautiful sunrise, Vivekananda Rock Memorial and Thiruvalluvar's statue built off the coastline. Marina Beach in Chennai is one of the longest beaches in the world. The stretch of beaches from Chennai to Mahabalipuram are home to many resorts, theme parks and eateries. The prominent waterfalls in the state are Courtallam, Hogenakkal, Papanasam, Manimuthar, Thirparappu, Pykara and Silver Cascade. The Chettinad region of the state is renowned for its Palatial houses and cuisine. With medical care in Chennai, Vellore, Coimbatore and Madurai, Tamil Nadu has the largest numbers in Medical tourism in India.

Services

Software campus of HGS in Nagercoil

Tamil Nadu has 570 engineering colleges, the most for any state in India. The state has a wide network of about 110 industrial parks and estates offering developed plots with supporting infrastructure.[67] Also, the state government is promoting other industrial parks like Rubber Park, Apparel Parks, Floriculture Park, TICEL Park for Biotechnology,[68] Siruseri IT Park, and Agro Export Zones among others. Tamil Nadu has the largest number of Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in India.[69]

Software Parks
Tidel Park, Chennai
Tidel Park, Coimbatore

This is a chart of trend of software exports from Tamil Nadu published by Electronics Corporation of Tamil Nadu with figures in Crores of Indian Rupees.[70]

YearSoftware exports
1995₹370 crore (US$52 million)
2000₹31,160 crore (US$4.3 billion)
2005₹41,150 crore (US$5.7 billion)
2010₹62,100 crore (US$8.6 billion)
2013₹82,450 crore (US$11 billion) [71]
2017₹111,179 crore (US$15 billion) [72]

Chennai is the second largest software exporter in India, next to Bangalore. India's largest IT park is housed at Chennai. Software exports from Tamil Nadu during 2017-2018 rose 8.6% per cent to touch 1,11,179 crore, involving a workforce of 780,000.[73] Chennai is the largest hub for e-publishing, as there are 67 e-publishing units registered with the STPI in Chennai and 25 in Bangalore. Companies such as HCL, Wipro, TCS, L&T, Satyam, Infosys, IBM,Zeesta (Adalricos), Cognizant Technology Solutions, Covansys, Xansa, Verizon, iSoft, Electronic Data Systems, Bally and many others have offices in Chennai. Infosys Technologies has set up India's largest software development centre to house 25,000 software professionals at an estimated investment of ₹12,500 million (US$170 million) in Chennai.[74] India's largest IT park – SIPCOT is housed at Siruseri – Chennai, It has numerous IT companies such as TCS, CTS, Syntel, Steria, Polaris, Patni, Hexaware etc. Chennai has been rated as the most attractive city for offshoring services.[75]. Coimbatore is second largest Software exporter in Tamil Nadu with presence of Amazon, Bosch, Cognizant, Ford, NTT Data, TCS, Wipro, HCL, Altran, Harman, Deloitte. Cognizant has more than 13,000 employees working in Coimbatore, which is their second largest headcount in India after Chennai. Bosch has one of the largest R&D development centre in Coimbatore outside Germany which employees close to 5500 in the city.

Government revenues

Tamil Nadu ranks fourth nationwide of all state governments in tax revenue. (See: States of India by tax revenues.) This is a chart of trend of tax revenues (including the shares from Union tax pool) extracted from the Consolidated Fund of the Government of Tamil Nadu[76] with figures in millions of Indian Rupees. See also the Finance Commission of India report.[77] Tax revenues of local bodies are excluded.

YearTax revenuesSales taxExcise dutiesRegistration feesCorporation taxVehicle tax
1950441[lower-alpha 1]
1955270112[lower-alpha 2]37
1960417191
1965723409499[lower-alpha 3]133
1970
19753,190
1980
1985
199034,50820,6594,3482,2632,273
199579,04546,8929,3466,1303,922
2000150,65981,97118,6869,1015,904
2005253,232143,607[lower-alpha 4]24,78015,628[lower-alpha 5]13,84611,305

This is a chart of trend of non-tax revenues and grants-in-aid extracted from the Consolidated Fund of the Government of Tamil Nadu with figures in millions of Indian Rupees. See also and . Non-tax revenues of local bodies are excluded.

YearNon-tax revenuesInterestMiningGrants-in-aid
1960197114
1965466233
1970
1975
1980
1985
19903,81489758812,555
19958,5843,42867218,362
200017,1074,0363,95315,398
200521,0145,6734,274[lower-alpha 6]28,268

TN Government debt

Amount in millions

Fin YearBoughtRepaidTotal debt
31 March 2000238,400
31 March 2001286,850
31 March 2006574,570
31 March 2007601,700
31 March 2008646,550
31 March 2009748,580
31 March 2010
31 March 20121,350,600

Notes

  1. ↑ includes the province of Hyderabad
  2. ↑ includes revenues from non-ferrous mining and metallurgical industries
  3. ↑ includes stamp fees
  4. ↑ includes tax on trades
  5. ↑ includes stamp fees
  6. ↑ includes revenues from non-ferrous mining and metallurgical industries

Citation

  1. ↑ "Current State Domestic Product as of 31 March 2017". Ministry of Statistics and Program Implementation, Government Of India. Retrieved 21 May 2017.
  2. ↑ "Maharashtra Budget Analysis 2017-18" (PDF). prsindia.org. PRS Legislative Research. Retrieved 25 March 2017.
  3. ↑ Chennai Port takes lead in wooing Kia Motors
  4. ↑ India may become the second largest smartphone market: Xiaomi
  5. ↑ Nokia Siemens to expand and export from Chennai facility
  6. ↑ Ashok Leyland looking at Rs 5,100 crore revenue from defence exports
  7. ↑ Indian Railways to export DMU train sets to South east Asia and Africa
  8. ↑ Steel Strips Wheels bags its largest export order for US
  9. ↑ Australian exports to India to grow to $45 bn in 20 years, FDI to $100 bn
  10. ↑ Whopping 300% FDI inflow growth in this non-BJP state
  11. ↑ "Tamil Nadu fin_budget_speech_e_2018_19" (PDF). tn.gov.in. Retrieved 15 March 2018.
  12. ↑ Nikhila Gill (6 October 2010). "TN still most economically free". Express India. Retrieved 16 November 2012.
  13. ↑ Government Policy Notes
  14. ↑ M. S. Swaminathan Research Foundation
  15. ↑ 2015 agricultural output of Tamil Nadu based on 2011 prices
  16. ↑ TNPL
  17. ↑ "Tata group | Our businesses | Tata companies | Titan Industries". Tata.com. Retrieved 16 November 2012.
  18. ↑ Vestas Webpage
  19. ↑
  20. ↑ Flextronics signs pact for Chennai facility
  21. ↑ Ericsson India Private Ltd
  22. ↑ Sanmina sets up manufacturing plant in Tamil Nadu
  23. ↑ Nokia Siemens to invest in Tamil Nadu
  24. ↑ Rohit, T K (18 June 2009). "TN gears up for mobile turf war". Times of India.
  25. ↑ Rohit, T K (10 August 2009). "1 in 2 persons in TN has a cellphone, State at Present Has 4Cr Mobile Subscribers, Second Only To Maharashtra". The Times of India (Chennai ed.). p. 3.
  26. ↑ "ACTIVITIES AND SCHEMES OPERATED BY DISTRICT INDUSTRIES CENTRE, VELLORE DISTRICT". Vellore District Administration. Retrieved 22 January 2011.
  27. ↑
  28. ↑
  29. ↑
  30. ↑
  31. ↑
  32. ↑
  33. ↑
  34. ↑
  35. ↑
  36. ↑
  37. ↑
  38. ↑ "An overview of Mineral Reserves". Government of Tamil Nada. Retrieved 16 August 2006.
  39. ↑ Tamil Nadu Mining
  40. ↑ "TEDA catalyses renewable energy sector growth in Tamil Nadu". Retrieved 28 October 2006.
  41. 1 2 "Tapping the Wind – India". February 2005. Archived from the original on 21 February 2007. Retrieved 28 October 2006.
  42. ↑ Watts, Himangshu (11 November 2003). "Clean Energy Brings Windfall to Indian Village". Reuters News Service. Retrieved 28 October 2006.
  43. ↑ "Wind power boosts Southern Indian economy". Aljazeera.net. 2 November 2003. Retrieved 28 October 2006.
  44. ↑ "Tamil Nadu faces largest power shortfall this year: Report - The Times of India". The Times of India.
  45. ↑ SAIL Plant
  46. ↑ Southern Iron and Steel Company
  47. ↑ Chemplast Sanmar Ltd
  48. ↑ "Clean Green Energy from Tamil Nadu, India". Retrieved 15 November 2006.
  49. ↑ "Default Parallels Plesk Panel Page". Signetsolar.com. Retrieved 16 November 2012.
  50. ↑
  51. ↑ "Moser Baer signs MoU with State on setting up photovoltaic plant". The Hindu. Chennai, India. 10 June 2008.
  52. ↑ Tamil Nadu Infrastructure Development
  53. ↑ "National Highways in Tamil Nadu". Ministry of Road Transport and Highways, Govt. of India. Retrieved 24 January 2012.
  54. ↑ National Highway Authority of India
  55. ↑ Official site for Tamil Nadu Highways
  56. ↑ Business Standard (19 November 2012). "Tamil Nadu ranks 2nd in road projects under PPP". Business-standard.com. Retrieved 3 December 2012.
  57. ↑ Highways, roads to be upgraded in Tamil Nadu
  58. ↑ The Hindu BusinessLine (14 May 2017). "Chennai metro's 1st underground line opens". thehindubusinessline.com. Retrieved 27 December 2017.
  59. ↑ Transportation in Tamil Nadu Archived 25 February 2007 at the Wayback Machine.
  60. ↑ Creation of the Tamil Nadu Maritime Board
  61. ↑ Dedicated Ports in Chennai
  62. ↑ Official website for Ennore Port
  63. ↑ Official website for Tuticorin Port Archived 31 July 2008 at the Wayback Machine.
  64. ↑ Expansion of Tuticorin Port
  65. ↑ "Tamil Nadu most popular tourist destination for domestic travellers". Times of India. Retrieved 5 July 2014.
  66. ↑ Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh build temple ties to boost tourism. The Times of India. (10 August 2010).
  67. ↑ Example include Tidelpark and ITP Chennai
  68. ↑ TICEL Park for Biotechnology
  69. ↑ Archived 19 November 2008 at the Wayback Machine.
  70. ↑ "Status of IT industry in Tamil Nadu". ELCOT. Retrieved 16 August 2006.
  71. ↑ TN software trade doubled in 3 years
  72. ↑ Tamil Nadu's IT, ITeS exports pick up pace in 2017-18, grow 8.55%
  73. ↑ Tamil Nadu's IT, ITeS exports pick up pace in 2017-18, grow 8.55%
  74. ↑ Infosys setting up giant centre in Chennai
  75. ↑ Chennai most attractive city for offshoring services
  76. ↑ "Tax Revenue Receipts" (PDF). Tamil Nadu Government. Archived from the original (PDF) on 7 April 2005. Retrieved 16 August 2006.
  77. ↑ "Finance Commission Report". Finance Commission of India. Archived from the original on 28 March 2006. Retrieved 16 August 2006.
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