葉

See also: 叶, 頁, and 页
葉 U+8449, 葉
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8449
← 葈
[U+8448] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 葊 →
[U+844A]

Translingual

Han character

葉 (radical 140, 艸+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 廿心廿木 (TPTD), four-corner 44904, composition ⿱艹枼)

References
  • KangXi: page 1044, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31387
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1504, character 18
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 5, page 3243, character 15
  • Unihan data for U+8449

Chinese
trad. 葉
simp. 叶*

Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (世) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
貰 *ɦljebs, *hljebs
跇 *l̥ʰebs, *lebs
迣 *ʔljebs
世 *hljebs
泄 *lebs, *sled
枻 *lebs
詍 *lebs
靾 *lebs
袣 *lebs
抴 *lebs, *led
呭 *lebs
勩 *lebs, *libs
屜 *l̥ʰeːbs
鰈 *l̥ʰaːb, *l'eːb
渫 *zreːb, *sled
煠 *zreːb, *l̥ʰeb, *leb
喋 *rlaːb, *ʔl'eːb, *l'eːb
鞢 *rlaːb, *sleːb
殜 *l'eb, *leb, *lab
葉 *hljeb, *leb
弽 *hljeb, *hleːb
韘 *hljeb, *sleːb
枼 *leb
楪 *leb
揲 *leb, *l'eːb, *ɦljed
鍱 *leb
偞 *leb, *hleːb
蝶 *l̥ʰeːb, *l'eːb
牒 *l'eːb
蹀 *l'eːb
諜 *l'eːb
堞 *l'eːb
牃 *l'eːb
褋 *l'eːb
惵 *l'eːb
碟 *l'eːb
屧 *sleːb
屟 *sleːb
紲 *sled
齛 *sled
疶 *sled
緤 *sled
媟 *sled

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *hljeb, *leb) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 枼 (OC *leb, “flat”).

Etymology

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-lap (“leaf”). Cognate with Tibetan ལོ་མ (lo ma, “leaf”), Western Tibetan ལོབ་མ (lob ma, “leaf”). Related to 世 (OC *hljebs, “world”).

This is part of the word family *lVp meaning “flat”, represented by the phonetic component 枼 (OC *leb). Compare also 茶 (OC *rlaː, “tea < *leaf”).

Pronunciation 1
Note:
  • hio̍h - vernacular (substitute for 箬);
  • ia̍p - literary (including the surname).
    • (Teochew)
      • Peng'im: hiêh8 / hioh8 / iab8 / iag8
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: hie̍h / hio̍h / ia̍p / ia̍k
      • IPA (key): /hieʔ⁴/, /hioʔ⁴/, /iap̚⁴/, /iak̚⁴/
Note:
  • hiêh8/hioh8 - vernacular (substitute for 箬);
  • iab8/iag8 - literary (including the surname).
  • Dialectal data▼
Variety Location 葉
Mandarin Beijing /iɛ⁵¹/
Harbin /iɛ⁵³/
Tianjin /ie⁵³/
Jinan /iə²¹/
Qingdao /iə⁴²/
Zhengzhou /iɛ²⁴/
Xi'an /iɛ²¹/
Xining /i⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /ie¹³/
Lanzhou /iə¹³/
Ürümqi /iɤ²¹³/
Wuhan /ie²¹³/
Chengdu /ie³¹/
Guiyang /ie²¹/
Kunming /iɛ³¹/
Nanjing /ieʔ⁵/
Hefei /iɐʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /iəʔ²/
Pingyao /iʌʔ⁵³/
Hohhot /iaʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /ɦiɪʔ¹/
Suzhou /ɦiəʔ³/
Hangzhou /ɦiəʔ²/
Wenzhou /ji²¹³/
Hui Shexian /ie²²/
Tunxi /ia¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /ie²⁴/
Xiangtan /ie²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /iɛʔ²/
Hakka Meixian /iap̚⁵/
Taoyuan /ʒɑp̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /jip̚²/
Nanning /jip̚²²/
Hong Kong /jip̚²/
Min Xiamen (Min Nan) /iap̚⁵/
Fuzhou (Min Dong) /ieʔ⁵/
Jian'ou (Min Bei) /t͡sia⁴²/
/xiɛ²⁴/
Shantou (Min Nan) /iap̚⁵/
/hioʔ⁵/ 訓讀
Haikou (Min Nan) /iap̚³/ 姓
/hio³³/ 訓箬
Rime
Character 葉
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 以 (36)
Final (韻) 葉 (155)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 與涉切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /jiᴇp̚/
Pan
Wuyun		 /jiɛp̚/
Shao
Rongfen		 /jæp̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /jiap̚/
Li
Rong		 /iɛp̚/
Wang
Li		 /jĭɛp̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /i̯ɛp̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 yè
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 葉
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 yè
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ yep ›
Old
Chinese		 /*l[a]p/
English leaf

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 葉
Reading # 2/2
No. 11561
Phonetic
component		 世
Rime
group		 盍
Rime
subdivision		 2
Corresponding
MC rime		 葉
Old
Chinese		 /*leb/

Definitions

葉

  1. leaf; petal
  2. page of book
  3. era; epoch
  4. (southern Wu, Min) wing
  5. A surname​.
Synonyms
  • (leaf): (Min) 箬
Dialectal synonyms of 葉子 (“leaf”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 葉
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 葉, 葉子
Mandarin Beijing 葉子, 葉兒
Taiwan 葉子
Jinan 葉兒, 葉子
Wanrong 葉子
Xi'an 葉子, 葉葉兒
Wuhan 葉子
Chengdu 葉子
Guiyang 葉子
Yangzhou 葉子
Hefei 葉子
Cantonese Guangzhou 葉
Hong Kong 葉
Taishan 葉
Yangjiang 葉
Gan Nanchang 葉子
Hakka Meixian 葉仔
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 葉仔
Liudui (S. Sixian) 葉仔
Hsinchu (Hailu) 葉仔
Dongshi (Dabu) 葉
Hsinchu (Raoping) 葉仔, 葉
Yunlin (Zhao'an) 葉
Jin Taiyuan 葉子
Min Bei Jian'ou 箬
Min Dong Fuzhou 箬, 箬箬
Matsu 箬箬
Min Nan Xiamen 箬
Quanzhou 箬
Zhangzhou 箬
Taipei 箬仔
Kaohsiung 箬仔
Tainan 箬仔
Wuqi 箬仔
Penang 箬
Chaozhou 箬
Haikou 箬
Leizhou 箬
Wu Shanghai 葉子
Suzhou 葉子
Wenzhou 葉
Chongming 葉子
Danyang 葉子
Xiang Changsha 葉子
Shuangfeng 葉子

Pronunciation 2
Rime
Character 葉
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 書 (26)
Final (韻) 葉 (155)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 書涉切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /ɕiᴇp̚/
Pan
Wuyun		 /ɕiɛp̚/
Shao
Rongfen		 /ɕjæp̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /ɕiap̚/
Li
Rong		 /ɕiɛp̚/
Wang
Li		 /ɕĭɛp̚/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /ɕi̯ɛp̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 she
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 葉
Reading # 1/2
No. 11557
Phonetic
component		 世
Rime
group		 盍
Rime
subdivision		 2
Corresponding
MC rime		 攝
Old
Chinese		 /*hljeb/

Definitions

葉

  1. (～縣) Ye County, Henan, China
  2. (～村) (historical) Ye (a village in Likou, Qimen, Huangshan, Anhui, China)
  3. A surname​.

Compounds
Derived terms from 葉

Japanese

Kanji
葉

(grade 3 “Kyōiku” kanji)

Readings

Compounds
Compounds

Etymology 1
葉 (ha, yō): sunlight through leaves.
Kanji in this term
葉
は
Grade: 3
kun’yomi

/pa/ → /fa/ → /ha/

From Old Japanese.[1], from Proto-Japonic *pa. Probably distinct from the Old Japanese verb 生ゆ (hayu, “to sprout, to grow”) → modern 生える (haeru) and 花 (hana, “flower”) and instead related to 羽 (ha, “feather; wing”). Probably also cognate with 歯 (ha, “tooth”) from the way that both sprout and then later fall, and with 刃 (ha, “blade”) from similarities in shape. Compare English blade.

Pronunciation

Noun

葉 (counter 枚, hiragana は, rōmaji ha)

  1. leaf, needle, blade (of a plant)
Synonyms

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
葉
よう
Grade: 3
on’yomi

/epu/ → /efu/ → /eu/ → /yoː/

From Middle Chinese 葉 (yep, “leaf”).

Pronunciation

Noun

葉 (hiragana よう, rōmaji yō, historical hiragana えふ)

  1. leaf, needle, blade (of a plant)
  2. a season, an age: a shorter period of time within a longer one
  3. an administration: the period of time during which a certain person holds a certain office

Counter

葉 (hiragana よう, rōmaji -yō, historical hiragana えふ)

  1. (rare) counter for flat, thin things such as leaves or paper
  2. (by extension) counter for small boats

References
  1. 1988, 国語大辞典（新装版） (Kokugo Dai Jiten, Revised Edition) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan
  2. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

葉 • (yeop, seop) (hangeul 엽, 섭, McCune–Reischauer yŏp, sŏp, Yale yep, sep)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Kunigami

Etymology

From Proto-Ryukyuan *pa, from Proto-Japonic *pa.

Kanji

葉

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /pʰaː/

Noun

葉 (hiragana ぱー, romaji phā)

  1. leaf

Miyako

Etymology

From Proto-Ryukyuan *pa, from Proto-Japonic *pa.

Kanji

葉

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /paː/

Noun

葉 (hiragana ぱー, romaji pā)

  1. leaf

Okinawan

Kanji

葉

Etymology

From Proto-Ryukyuan *pa, from Proto-Japonic *pa.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /ɸaː/

Noun

葉 (hiragana ふぁー, romaji fā)

  1. leaf

Compounds
Derived terms

Vietnamese

Han character

葉 (diệp, diếp, dợp, dớp, đẹp, giấp, giẹp, nhịp, riếp, dào)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Yaeyama

Etymology

From Proto-Ryukyuan *pa, from Proto-Japonic *pa.

Kanji

葉

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /paː/

Noun

葉 (hiragana ぱー, romaji pā)

  1. leaf

Yonaguni

Etymology

From Proto-Ryukyuan *pa, from Proto-Japonic *pa.

Kanji

葉

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /haː/

Noun

葉 (hiragana はー, romaji hā)

  1. leaf
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