person

From Anglo-Norman parsone, persoun et al. (Old French persone (“human being”), French personne), and its source Latin persōna (“mask used by actor; role, part, character”), perhaps a loanword; compare Etruscan 𐌘𐌄𐌓𐌔𐌖 (φersu, “mask”). Displaced native wight (from Old English wiht (“person, human being”)). Doublet of parson. Cognate with Proto-Germanic *fur, *fura, *furi (“before”), Proto-Indo-European *per-, *pero- (“forward, beyond, around”), and Proto-Indo-European *suHnús (“son”), from Proto-Indo-European *sewH- (“to bear; give birth”).

• (Received Pronunciation) IPA^(key): /ˈpɜːsən/, [ˈpʰɜːsn̩]

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• (General American) enPR: pûrʹsn, pûrʹsən, IPA^(key): /ˈpɝsən/, [ˈpʰɚsn̩]

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• Rhymes: -ɜː(ɹ)sən
• Hyphenation: per‧son

person (plural persons or (by suppletion) people)

1. An individual; usually a human being. [from 13th c.]
   • 1784, William Jones, The Description and Use of a New Portable Orrery, &c., PREFACE

     THE favourable reception the Orrery has met with from Perſons of the firſt diſtinction, and from Gentlemen and Ladies in general, has induced me to add to it ſeveral new improvements in order to give it a degree of Perfection; and diſtinguiſh it from others; which by Piracy, or Imitation, may be introduced to the Public.

   • 1918, W. B. Maxwell, chapter 7, in The Mirror and the Lamp:

     “A very welcome, kind, useful present, that means to the parish. By the way, Hopkins, let this go no further. We don't want the tale running round that a rich person has arrived. Churchill, my dear fellow, we have such greedy sharks, and wolves in lamb's clothing. […]”

   Each person is unique, both mentally and physically.

   1. A character or part, as in a play; a specific kind or manifestation of individual character, whether in real life, or in literary or dramatic representation; an assumed character.
      • (Can we date this quote?) Francis Bacon

        his first appearance upon the stage in his new person of a sycophant or juggler

      • (Can we date this quote?) Jeremy Taylor

        No man can long put on a person and act a part.

      • (Can we date this quote?) John Milton

        To bear rule, which was thy part / And person, hadst thou known thyself aright.

      • (Can we date this quote?) South

        How different is the same man from himself, as he sustains the person of a magistrate and that of a friend!

   2. (Christianity) Any one of the three hypostases of the Holy Trinity: the Father, Son, or Holy Spirit.
      • (Can we date this quote?) Book of Common Prayer

        three persons and one God

   3. (chiefly in science fiction) Any sentient or socially intelligent being.
   4. (in a compound noun or noun phrase) Someone who likes or has an affinity for (a specified thing). [from 20th c.]

      Jack's always been a dog person, but I prefer cats.

2. The physical body of a being seen as distinct from the mind, character, etc. [from 14th c.]
   • 1621, Democritus Junior [pseudonym; Robert Burton], The Anatomy of Melancholy, Oxford: Printed by Iohn Lichfield and Iames Short, for Henry Cripps, OCLC 216894069; The Anatomy of Melancholy: […], 2nd corrected and augmented edition, Oxford: Printed by John Lichfield and James Short, for Henry Cripps, 1624, OCLC 54573970, partition III, section 1, member 2, subsection iii:

     when the young ladies laughed at her for it, she replied, that it was not his person that she did embrace and reverence, but, with a Platonic love, the divine beauty of his soul.

   • 1897, Henry James, What Maisie Knew:

     The Captain, inclining his military person, sat sideways to be closer and kinder […].

   • 1978, Lawrence Durrell, Livia, Faber & Faber 1992 (Avignon Quintet), page 418:

     At first blush it seemed that what was striking about him rested on the fact that his dress was exotic, his person foreign.

   • 2004, The New York Times:

     Meanwhile, the dazed Sullivan, dressed like a bum with no identification on his person, is arrested and put to work on a brutal Southern chain gang.

3. (law) Any individual or formal organization with standing before the courts. [from 14th c.]

   At common law a corporation or a trust is legally a person.

4. (law) The human genitalia; specifically, the penis.
   • 1824, Vagrancy Act 1824 (5 Geo. 4. c. 83, United Kingdom), section 4:

     [E]very Person wilfully, openly, lewdly, and obscenely exposing his Person in any Street, Road, or public Highway, or in the View thereof, or in any Place of public Resort, with Intent to insult any Female ... and being subsequently convicted of the Offence for which he or she shall have been so apprehended, shall be deemed a Rogue and Vagabond, within the true Intent and Meaning of this Act ...

   • 1972, Evans v. Ewels, Weekly Law Reports, vol. 1, page 671 at pp. 674–675:

     It seems to me that at any rate today, and indeed by 1824, the word "person" in connection with sexual matters had acquired a meaning of its own; a meaning which made it a synonym for "penis." It may be ... that it was the forerunner of Victorian gentility which prevented people calling a penis a penis. But however that may be I am satisfied in my own mind that it has now acquired an established meaning to the effect already stated. It is I venture to say, well known amongst those who practise in the courts that the word "person" is so used over and over again. It is the familiar synonym of that part of the body, and, as one of the reasons for my decision in this case, I would use that interpretation of what was prevailing in 1824 and what has become established in the 150 years since then.

5. (grammar) A linguistic category used to distinguish between the speaker of an utterance and those to whom or about whom he is speaking. See grammatical person. [from 14th c.]
6. (biology) A shoot or bud of a plant; a polyp or zooid of the compound Hydrozoa, Anthozoa, etc.; also, an individual, in the narrowest sense, among the higher animals.
   • (Can we date this quote?) Encyc. Brit.

     True corms, composed of united personae […] usually arise by gemmation, […] yet in sponges and corals occasionally by fusion of several originally distinct persons.

   (Can we find and add a quotation of Haeckel to this entry?)

• In senses 1.1, 1.3, and 1.4, the plural is most commonly people, with persons occasionally used in formal speech or writing. Some native speakers will find persons inappropriate, even in formal usage. In senses 1.2, 2, 3, and 5 persons is the only plural.
• Referring to an individual as a "person" (rather than a gentleman, lady, etc.) was formerly perceived as a slight.

• See also Thesaurus:person

person (third-person singular simple present persons, present participle personing, simple past and past participle personed)

1. (obsolete, transitive) To represent as a person; to personify; to impersonate.

   (Can we find and add a quotation of Milton to this entry?)

2. (transitive, gender-neutral) To man.
   • 2007, Brian R. Brenner, Don't Throw This Away!: The Civil Engineering Life (page 40)

     We had hit the iceberg, and it was time to person the lifeboats.

   • 2008, William Guy, Something Sensational (page 337)

     We went so far as to stop in a hotel on the way out of Speyer — to ask for directions — but the teenaged girl personing the desk there seemed to be such an idiot […]

• Posner, nopers, preons, spreon

person m (plural personed)

1. vicar

From Latin persona

• Rhymes: -oːˀn

person c (singular definite personen, plural indefinite personer)

1. person
2. character
3. figure
4. people

• “person” in Den Danske Ordbog

person

1. accusative singular of perso

person

1. Genitive singular form of perso.

From Latin persona.

• IPA^(key): /pæʂ.ʂuːn/, [pæʂ.ˈʂuʷːn]

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person m (definite singular personen, indefinite plural personer, definite plural personene)

1. a person

• “person” in The Bokmål Dictionary.

From Latin persona.

• IPA^(key): /pæʂ.ʂuːn/, [pæʂ.ˈʂuʷːn]

person m (definite singular personen, indefinite plural personar, definite plural personane)

1. a person

• “person” in The Nynorsk Dictionary.

person (plural people)

1. (law) An individual with rights and responsibilities under the law.
2. (law) An individual or formal organisation with standing before the courts.
3. In fiction, any sentient or socially intelligent being.

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person c

1. a human being
2. an individual

• person in Svenska Akademiens ordlista över svenska språket (13th ed., online)

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person m (plural personau)

1. person

   Synonym: unigolyn

• personol

person m (plural personiaid)

1. parson
2. clergyman

   Synonym: clerigwr, offeiriad