紅葉

紅葉

1. red autumnal leaves

紅葉 (momiji, kōyō): colored (in this case, reddened) autumn leaves

⟨momi₁ti⟩ → */momʲiti/ → /momʲidi/ → /momid͡ʑi/ → /momiʑi/

Shift from Old Japanese 紅葉 (⟨momi₁ti⟩ → momichi).[1]

The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of classical verb 紅葉づ (momizu, “to turn, change color; said of leaves”).[1][2]

The kanji spelling is an example of jukujikun (熟字訓), see kōyō below.

• 黄葉
• (Japanese maple): 栬, 椛, 栴

• (Irregular reading)
  • (Tokyo) も​みじ [móꜜmìjì] (Atamadaka – [1])[2]
  • IPA^(key): [mo̞mʲiʑi]

紅葉 (hiragana もみじ, katakana モミジ, rōmaji momiji, historical hiragana もみぢ, historical katakana モミヂ)

1. the turning (coloring) of leaves, especially in autumn
2. the colored leaves themselves
   • 905–914, Kokin Wakashū (book 4, poem 217; also Hyakunin Isshu, poem 5)

     奥山 (おくやま)にもみぢ踏 (ふ)み分 (わ)け鳴 (な)く鹿 (しか)の声 (こゑ)聞 (き)く時 (とき)ぞ秋 (あき)は悲 (かな)しき

     okuyama ni momiji fumiwake naku shika no koe kiku toki zo aki wa kanashiki

     Deep in the hills a stag calls out as it treads across the autumn leaves: it is when I hear its voice that autumn seems the saddest.[3]

3. Short for 以呂波紅葉 (iroha momiji): the Japanese maple, Acer palmatum
4. Short for 紅葉襲 (momiji-gasane): a style of layering garments with crimson on the front and blue (or dark red) on the back
5. (colloquial) venison, deer meat

   Synonym: 鹿肉 (shika-niku)

6. a 家紋 (kamon, “family crest”) with various designs of autumn leaves or the Japanese maple

   Synonym: 楓 (kaede)

7. (card games) the suit of autumn leaves (or the Japanese maple) in a hanafuda deck, representing the month of October

   Hyponyms: 紅葉に青短 (momiji ni aotan), 紅葉に鹿 (momiji ni shika)

• 紅葉 (もみじ)のような手 (て) (momiji no yō na te, “hand like an autumn leaf → pretty hand of a young child”)
• 紅葉 (もみじ)を散 (ち)らす (momiji o chirasu, “disperse the momiji → blush one's face”)

• 紅葉 (もみじ)に鹿 (しか) (momiji ni shika, “a deer with momiji → a good arrangement”)

• 楓 (カエデ), 槭樹 (カエデ) (kaede, “maple tree”)
• 花札 (はなふだ) (hanafuda) suits: 松 (まつ) (matsu, “pine”), 梅 (うめ) (ume, “plum blossoms”), 桜 (さくら) (sakura, “sakura”), 藤 (ふじ) (fuji, “wisteria”), 菖蒲 (あやめ) (ayame, “iris”), 牡 (ぼ)丹 (たん) (botan, “peony”), 萩 (はぎ) (hagi, “bush clover”), 芒 (すすき) (susuki, “susuki grass”), 菊 (きく) (kiku, “chrysanthemum”), 紅葉 (もみじ) (momiji, “autumn leaves”), 柳 (やなぎ) (yanagi, “willow”), 桐 (きり) (kiri, “paulownia”)

紅葉する (hiragana もみじする, rōmaji momiji suru, historical hiragana もみぢする)

1. (of leaves) to turn (change color), especially during autumn

紅葉 (hiragana もみじ, rōmaji Momiji, historical hiragana もみぢ)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

   秋 (あき)の夕 (ゆう)日 (ひ)に照 (て)る山 (やま)紅葉 (もみじ)、濃 (こ)いも薄 (うす)いも数 (かず)ある中 (なか)に、松 (まつ)を彩 (いろど)る楓 (かえで)や蔦 (つた)は、山 (やま)のふもとの裾 (すそ)模 (も)様 (よう)

   aki no yūhi ni teru yama momiji, koi mo usui mo kazu aru naka ni, matsu o irodoru kaede ya tsuta wa, yama no fumoto no suso-moyō

   (please add an English translation of this example)

2. a surname
3. a female given name

Shift from Old Japanese 紅葉 (⟨momi₁tiba⟩ → momichiba).[1]

Can be parsed as a compound of 紅葉ぢ (momiji, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of classical verb 紅葉づ (momizu), “to turn in autumn, said of leaves”‎) +‎ 葉 (ha, “leaf”). The ha changes to ba as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

The kanji spelling is an example of jukujikun (熟字訓).

• 黄葉
• (rare, found in compounds): 紅葉葉

• (Irregular reading)
  • (Tokyo) もみじ​ば [mòmíjíꜜbà] (Nakadaka – [3])[2]
  • IPA^(key): [mo̞mʲiʑiba̠]

紅葉 (hiragana もみじば, rōmaji momijiba, historical hiragana もみぢば)

1. turned (colored) autumn leaves
   • 1086, Goshūi Wakashū (book 5, poem 366; also Hyakunin Isshu, poem 69)

     嵐 (あらし)吹 (ふ)く三 (み)室 (む)の山 (やま)のもみぢ葉 (ば)は竜 (たつ)田 (た)の川 (かは)の錦 (にしき)なりけり

     arashi fuku Mimuro-no-yama no momijiba wa Tatsuta-no-kawa no nishiki narikeri

     The sweeping stormy winds from Mount Mimuro weaves adorning Tatsuta river with a brocade of crimson leaves.[4]

2. the leaves of the Japanese maple (Acer palmatum)
   • c. 1005–07, Shūi Wakashū (book 17, poem 1128; also Hyakunin Isshu, poem 26)

     小 (を)倉 (ぐら)山 (やま)峰 (みね)のもみぢ葉 (ば)心 (こころ)あらば今 (いま)ひとたびのみゆき待 (ま)たなむ

     Ogura-yama mine no momijiba kokoro araba ima hitotabi no miyuki matanan

     Maple leaves on Mt. Ogura, if you have enough sense you will stay as you are until the next imperial visit.[5]

For emphasis, the initial momiji is usually written in kana alone, as もみじ葉 (​momijiba).

/kou jepu/ → /koːjefu/ → /koːjeu/ → /koːjoː/

From Middle Chinese compound 紅葉 (MC ɦuŋ jiᴇp̚, literally “crimson, red + leaf”).

• On’yomi: Kan’on
  • (Tokyo) こーよー [kòóyóó] (Heiban – [0])[2]
  • IPA^(key): [ko̞ːjo̞ː]

紅葉 (hiragana こうよう, rōmaji kōyō, historical hiragana こうえふ)

1. the turning (coloring) of leaves, especially in autumn
2. the colored leaves themselves
   • 1999 August 26, “紅こう葉ようの女じょ王おう [Queen of Autumn Leaves]”, in BOOSTER 4, Konami:

     鮮 (あざ)やかな紅 (こう)葉 (よう)に囲 (かこ)まれて暮 (く)らす、緑 (りょく)樹 (じゅ)の霊 (れい)王 (おう)のお妃 (ひ)。

     Azayaka na kōyō ni kakomarete kurasu, Ryokuju no Reiō no ohi.

     The consort of the Spirit King of Greenery, living within vibrant autumn leaves.

• 紅 (こう)葉 (よう)前 (ぜん)線 (せん) (kōyō zensen, “autumn leaf front”)

• 林 (りん)間 (かん)に酒 (さけ)を煖 (あたた)めて紅 (こう)葉 (よう)を焼 (や)く (rinkan ni sake o atatamete kōyō o yaku, “burn autumn leaves to heat sake → enjoy autumn”)

紅葉する (hiragana こうようする, rōmaji kōyō suru, historical hiragana こうえふする)

1. (of leaves) to turn (change color), especially during autumn

• 黄 (こう)葉 (よう) (kōyō)

紅葉 (hiragana こうよう, rōmaji Kōyō, historical hiragana こうえふ)

1. a female given name

Other various nanori readings.

紅葉 (hiragana あかは, rōmaji Akaha, alternative reading あけは, rōmaji Akeha, alternative reading あげは, rōmaji Ageha, alternative reading いろは, rōmaji Iroha, alternative reading かえで, rōmaji Kaede, alternative reading くれは, rōmaji Kureha, alternative reading べには, rōmaji Beniha, alternative reading もみ, rōmaji Momi, alternative reading もよ, rōmaji Moyo)

1. a female given name

• 黃葉

The 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 紅葉つ (momi₁tu, “to turn in autumn, said of leaves”).

Possibly cognate with verb 燃ゆ (mo₁yu, “to burn”).

紅葉 (momi₁ti) (kana もみち)

1. the turning of leaves in autumn
2. the turned autumn leaves themselves
3. the Japanese maple, Acer palmatum

• Japanese: 紅葉 (momiji)

Compound of 紅葉ち (momi₁ti, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 紅葉つ (momi₁tu), “to turn in autumn, said of leaves”‎) +‎ 葉 (pa, “leaf”).

The pa changes to ba as an instance of rendaku (連濁).

紅葉 (momi₁tiba) (kana もみちば)

1. turned autumn leaves
2. the leaves of the Japanese maple (Acer palmatum)

• 紅葉の (momi₁tiba no₂, pillow word)
• 初紅葉 (patu-momi₁tiba)

• Japanese: 紅葉 (momijiba)