精

精 U+7CBE, 精
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7CBE
← 粽
[U+7CBD] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 粿 →
[U+7CBF]
精 U+FA1D, 精
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-FA1D
← 靖
[U+FA1C] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 羽 →
[U+FA1E]

Translingual
Stroke order

Han character

精 (radical 119, 米+8, 14 strokes, cangjie input 火木手一月 (FDQMB), four-corner 95927, composition ⿰米青(GHTJV) or ⿰米靑(K or U+FA1D))

Derived characters
  • 𡁔, 𪇒, 𦾿, 𧓔 (Contains 青)
  • 𭨇 (Contains 靑)

References
  • KangXi: page 910, character 10
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 26997
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1336, character 8
  • Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 5, page 3150, character 11
  • Unihan data for U+7CBE

Chinese
simp. and trad.
 精

Glyph origin
Characters in the same phonetic series (生) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
猜 *sʰlɯː
輤 *sʰleːns
綪 *sʰleːns, *ʔsreːŋ
倩 *sʰleːns, *sʰleŋs
棈 *sʰleːns
蒨 *sʰeːns
篟 *sʰeːns
生 *sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs
牲 *sreŋ
笙 *sreŋ
甥 *sreŋ
鉎 *sreŋ, *sleːŋ
珄 *sreŋ
鼪 *sreŋ, *sreŋs
猩 *sreŋ, *seːŋ
狌 *sreŋ
眚 *sreŋʔ
貹 *sreŋs
崝 *zreːŋ
精 *ʔsleŋ, *ʔsleŋs
菁 *ʔsleŋ
鶄 *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleːŋ
蜻 *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleːŋ
鼱 *ʔsleŋ
婧 *ʔsleŋ, *zleŋs, *zleŋʔ
睛 *ʔsleŋ, *sʰleŋʔ
箐 *ʔsleŋ
聙 *ʔsleŋ
旌 *ʔsleŋ
清 *sʰleŋ
圊 *sʰleŋ
請 *sʰleŋʔ, *zleŋs, *zleŋ
凊 *sʰleŋs
䝼 *zleŋs, *zleŋ
靚 *zleŋs
情 *zleŋ
晴 *zleŋ
夝 *zleŋ
靜 *zleŋʔ
靖 *zleŋʔ
睲 *seŋʔ, *seːŋs
惺 *seŋʔ, *seːŋ
性 *sleŋs
姓 *sleŋs
靗 *l̥ʰeŋs
鯖 *ʔljeŋ, *sʰleːŋ
青 *sʰleːŋ
靘 *sʰleːŋ, *sʰleːŋs
掅 *sʰleːŋs
胜 *sleːŋ
曐 *sleːŋ
星 *sleːŋ
鮏 *sleːŋ
腥 *seːŋ, *seːŋs
鯹 *seːŋ
醒 *seːŋ, *seːŋʔ, *seːŋs
篂 *seːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *ʔsleŋ, *ʔsleŋs) : semantic 米 (“rice”) + phonetic 青 (OC *sʰleːŋ) – polished rice.

Pronunciation 1
Note:
  • zing1 - literary;
  • zeng1 - vernacular (“smart; clever”).
Note:
  • cĭng - literary;
  • ciăng - vernacular.
  • Min Nan
    • (Hokkien)
      • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: cheng / chiaⁿ / chiⁿ
      • Tâi-lô: tsing / tsiann / tsinn
      • Phofsit Daibuun: zefng, cviaf, cvy
      • IPA (Xiamen): /t͡ɕiɪŋ⁴⁴/, /t͡ɕiã⁴⁴/, /t͡ɕĩ⁴⁴/
      • IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡ɕiɪŋ³³/, /t͡ɕiã³³/, /t͡ɕĩ³³/
      • IPA (Zhangzhou): /t͡ɕiɪŋ⁴⁴/, /t͡ɕiã⁴⁴/, /t͡ɕĩ⁴⁴/
      • IPA (Taipei): /t͡ɕiɪŋ⁴⁴/, /t͡ɕiã⁴⁴/, /t͡ɕĩ⁴⁴/
      • IPA (Kaohsiung): /t͡ɕiɪŋ⁴⁴/, /t͡ɕiã⁴⁴/, /t͡ɕĩ⁴⁴/
Note:
  • cheng - literary;
  • chiaⁿ, chiⁿ - vernacular.
Note:
  • zêng1 - literary;
  • zian1 - vernacular (“demon; lean”).
Rime
Character 精
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 精 (13)
Final (韻) 清 (121)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 子盈切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /t͡siᴇŋ/
Pan
Wuyun		 /t͡siɛŋ/
Shao
Rongfen		 /t͡siæŋ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /t͡siajŋ/
Li
Rong		 /t͡siɛŋ/
Wang
Li		 /t͡sĭɛŋ/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /t͡si̯ɛŋ/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 jīng
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 精
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)		 jīng
Middle
Chinese		 ‹ tsjeng ›
Old
Chinese		 /*tseŋ/
English fine rice; pure

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 精
Reading # 1/2
No. 11327
Phonetic
component		 生
Rime
group		 耕
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 精
Old
Chinese		 /*ʔsleŋ/

Definitions

精

  1. polished rice
  2. essence; energy
  3. spirit; energy; vigour
  4. seminal fluid; semen
  5. spirit; soul
  6. essence; concentrate
  7. demon; goblin
  8. (dialectal, of meat) lean
  9. fine; refined
  10. pure; unmixed
  11. concentrated; sincere
  12. clear; bright
  13. exquisite; profound
  14. extremely; very
    叫雨淋了個精溼 / 叫雨淋了个精湿  ―  jiào yǔ lín le ge jīng shī  ―  (please add an English translation of this example)
  15. to be proficient; to be expert at
  16. to expose; to be bare
  17. smart; clever
    你以為你能玩兒得過他？他可精了。誰算計誰還不一定呢！ [MSC, trad.]
    你以为你能玩儿得过他？他可精了。谁算计谁还不一定呢！ [MSC, simp.]
    Nǐ yǐwéi nǐ néng wánr de guò tā? Tā kě jīng le. Shéi suànji shéi hái bùyīdìng ne! [Pinyin]
    You think you could defeat him? He is witted and alert. That who's going to set whom up is not certain yet!
  18. Alternative form of 睛
  19. (～母) (phonology) a Middle Chinese initial and the 'Phags-pa script letter ꡒ (dz-)
Synonyms
Dialectal synonyms of 精液 (“semen”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 精
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 精液
Mandarin Beijing 㞞
Harbin 㞞
Jinan 㞞
Muping 㞞
Luoyang 㞞
Wanrong 㞞
Xi'an 㞞
Xining 㞞
Xuzhou 㞞
Yinchuan 㞞
Ürümqi 㞞
Wuhan 漿
Chengdu 精水, 精液, 頭兒油, 化豬油, 豬油
Guiyang 精水
Liuzhou 精水
Yangzhou 㞞
Nanjing 㞞
Cantonese Hong Kong 精液, 精
Dongguan 精液
Kuala Lumpur 精液
Gan Lichuan 精
Hakka Meixian 膦屎
Yudu 卵屎
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 膦屎
Liudui (S. Sixian) 膦屎
Hsinchu (Hailu) 膦屎
Dongshi (Dabu) 膦屎
Hsinchu (Raoping) 膦屎
Yunlin (Zhao'an) 漦
Hong Kong 膦屎
Senai 膦屎
Huizhou Jixi 㞞, 鳥漿
Shexian 㞞
Tunxi 精, 㞞
Jin Xinzhou 㞞, 㞞糊子
Min Dong Fuzhou 精
Min Nan Xiamen 潲
Quanzhou 潲
Zhangzhou 潲
Taipei 潲
Kaohsiung 潲
Tainan 潲
Taichung 潲
Wuqi 潲
Hsinchu 潲
Taitung 精
Lukang 潲
Yilan 潲
Magong 潲
Penang 潲
Singapore 潲
Philippines (Manila) 潲
Haifeng 潲
Johor Bahru 精
Haikou 精
Pinghua Nanning 精, 𨳍水
Wu Shanghai 精, 白脫油, 白脫
Suzhou 精
Hangzhou 㞞, 陽水
Wenzhou 頹漿
Chongming 㞞
Danyang 㞞
Jinhua 㞞
Ningbo 卵漿, 漿水
Xiang Changsha 卵漿, 精子
Loudi 卵水, 水, 漿

Compounds
Derived terms from 精

Pronunciation 2
Rime
Character 精
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 精 (13)
Final (韻) 清 (121)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 子姓切
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang		 /t͡siᴇŋH/
Pan
Wuyun		 /t͡siɛŋH/
Shao
Rongfen		 /t͡siæŋH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank		 /t͡siajŋH/
Li
Rong		 /t͡siɛŋH/
Wang
Li		 /t͡sĭɛŋH/
Bernard
Karlgren		 /t͡si̯ɛŋH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex		 jìng
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 精
Reading # 2/2
No. 11337
Phonetic
component		 生
Rime
group		 耕
Rime
subdivision		 0
Corresponding
MC rime		 精
Old
Chinese		 /*ʔsleŋs/

Definitions

精

  1. ‡ strong

Pronunciation 3
For pronunciation and definitions of 精 – see 晴 (“clear; fine”).
(This character, 精, is a variant form of 晴.)

Japanese

Kanji
精

(grade 5 “Kyōiku” kanji)

  1. essence

Readings

Compounds
Compounds

Etymology 1
Kanji in this term
精
せい
Grade: 5
on’yomi

From Middle Chinese 精 (t͡siᴇŋ, “essence, energy”). Compare modern Mandarin reading jīng.

Pronunciation

Adjective

精 (-na inflection, hiragana せい, rōmaji sei)

  1. detailed, conscientious
  2. pure, refined
Inflection
Inflection of 精
Stem forms
Imperfective (未然形) 精だろ せいだろ sei daro
Continuative (連用形) 精で せいで sei de
Terminal (終止形) 精だ せいだ sei da
Attributive (連体形) 精な せいな sei na
Hypothetical (仮定形) 精なら せいなら sei nara
Imperative (命令形) 精であれ せいであれ sei de are
Key constructions
Informal negative 精ではない
精じゃない		 せいではない
せいじゃない		 sei de wa nai
sei ja nai
Informal past 精だった せいだった sei datta
Informal negative past 精ではなかった
精じゃなかった		 せいではなかった
せいじゃなかった		 sei de wa nakatta
sei ja nakatta
Formal 精です せいです sei desu
Formal negative 精ではありません
精じゃありません		 せいではありません
せいじゃありません		 sei de wa arimasen
sei ja arimasen
Formal past 精でした せいでした sei deshita
Formal negative past 精ではありませんでした
精じゃありませんでした		 せいではありませんでした
せいじゃありませんでした		 sei de wa arimasen deshita
sei ja arimasen deshita
Conjunctive 精で せいで sei de
Conditional 精なら（ば） せいなら（ば） sei nara (ba)
Provisional 精だったら せいだったら sei dattara
Volitional 精だろう せいだろう sei darō
Adverbial 精に せいに sei ni
Degree 精さ せいさ seisa

Noun

精 (hiragana せい, rōmaji sei)

  1. polishing, refining
  2. care, conscientiousness
  3. something polished or refined, particularly polished white rice
  4. vim and vigor, energy in doing things
  5. life force, vitality, the energy of living
  6. one's emotions, mind, or soul
  7. the soul or spirit of a thing, particularly when appearing on its own; a fairy, a sprite
  8. semen
Synonyms

Etymology 2
Kanji in this term
精
しらげ
Grade: 5
kun’yomi

Noun stem of verb 精げる (shirageru, “to polish, to refine”), itself derived from 白 (shira, “white”, form used in compounds, usually shiro on its own) + ぐ (gu, verbalizing suffix), originally just meaning to whiten something.

Pronunciation

Noun

精 (hiragana しらげ, rōmaji shirage)

  1. rice polishing, rice milling
  2. polished or milled rice
  3. excellence
Synonyms

References
  1. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

精 • (jeong) (hangeul 정, revised jeong, McCune–Reischauer chŏng, Yale ceng)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

精 (tinh, tênh)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.