姓

姓 (radical 38, 女+5, 8 strokes, cangjie input 女竹手一 (VHQM), four-corner 4541₀, composition ⿰女生)

• KangXi: page 259, character 5
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 6178
• Dae Jaweon: page 524, character 9
• Hanyu Da Zidian: volume 2, page 1037, character 12
• Unihan data for U+59D3

Phono-semantic compound (形聲, OC *sleŋs) : semantic 女 + phonetic 生 (OC *sʰleːŋ, *sreŋs).

Specialised form of 性 (xìng): “human nature; what is inborn” > “surname; clan name”.

姓

1. surname; family name; clan name

   Antonyms: 名 (míng)

   你的姓怎麼拼寫？ / 你的姓怎么拼写？  ―  Nǐ de xìng zěnme pīnxiě?  ―  How do you spell your last name?

2. to have the surname of

   您貴姓？ / 您贵姓？  ―  Nín guìxìng?  ―  What is your surname? [honorific]

   我姓陳。 / 我姓陈。  ―  Wǒ xìng Chén.  ―  My surname is Chen.

3. A surname​.

• “Entry #3781”, in 臺灣閩南語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (in Chinese and Min Nan), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2011.

(common “Jōyō” kanji)

1. clan
2. surname

• Go-on: しょう (shō, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: せい (sei, Jōyō)
• Kun: かばね (kabane, 姓)

From Old Japanese.[1][2]

Ultimate derivation unclear. Some theories derive this as a Japanese compound of 株 (kabu, “stock, root”) + 根 (ne, “root, origin”) or 名 (na, “name”). However, the required /u/ → /a/ sound shift would be unusual.

Another thought is that this might be a borrowing from, or somehow otherwise related to, Korean 골품 (golpum), a Sino-Korean term also spelled 骨品 (literally “bones + goods”), the name for a kind of kinship hierarchy that was prevalent in the Silla kingdom. This latter theory and its related “bone” sense might also account for the homophony with 屍 (kabane, “corpse, dead body”).

• Kun’yomi
  • (Tokyo) かばね [kàbáné] (Heiban – [0])[2]
  • IPA^(key): [ka̠ba̠ne̞]

姓 (hiragana かばね, rōmaji kabane)

1. a clan

   Synonym: 氏 (uji)

2. (historical) a kind of hereditary title bestowed to clans in ancient Japan

• 姓 (かばね)書 (がき) (kabane-gaki): (historical) someone's full name, written out with the status of their clan appended
• 姓 (かばね)名 (な) (kabane na, “clan name”)
• 八色 (やくさ)の姓 (かばね) (Yakusa no Kabane), 八色 (はっしき)の姓 (かばね) (Hasshiki no Kabane): a specific set of eight kabane titles promulgated by Emperor Tenmu in 675 CE

From Middle Chinese 姓 (MC siᴇŋ^H). The kan'on, so likely a later borrowing. Compare modern Min Nan reading sèⁿ.

• On’yomi: Kan’on
  • (Tokyo) せ​ー [séꜜè] (Atamadaka – [1])[2]
  • IPA^(key): [se̞ː]

姓 (hiragana せい, rōmaji sei)

1. surname, family name
2. clan

• 八 (はっ)姓 (せい) (hassei)

• 姓 (せい)を冒 (おか)す (sei o okasu): to be adopted by a different clan; to take on a different surname

/siau/ → /ɕjɔː/ → /ɕoː/

From Middle Chinese 姓 (MC siᴇŋ^H). The goon, so likely the initial borrowing. Compare modern Hakka reading siang.

This reading is less common than sei above.

• On’yomi: Goon
  • (Tokyo) しょ​ー [shóꜜò] (Atamadaka – [1])[2]
  • IPA^(key): [ɕo̞ː]

姓 (hiragana しょう, rōmaji shō, historical hiragana しやう)

1. (uncommon) surname, family name
2. (uncommon) clan

• 上 (じょう)姓 (しょう) (jōshō)
• 下 (げ)姓 (しょう) (geshō)
• 小 (こ)姓 (しょう) (koshō)

A shift from shō above to use the 直音 (chokuon, “"straight" pronunciation”, dropping out any /j/ or /w/ glides).[1]

This reading is not used in modern Japanese, and is only found in historical texts, such as the Utsubo Monogatari from the late 900s.

• (Irregular reading)
  • IPA^(key): [so̞ː]

姓 (hiragana そう, rōmaji sō)

1. (historical, obsolete) surname, family name
2. (historical, obsolete) clan

• Etymology at Gogen-Allguide (in Japanese)

姓 • (seong) (hangeul 성)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

姓 (tính)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.