Nonsteroidal estrogen

Nonsteroidal estrogen
Drug class
Diethylstilbestrol, one of the most well-known nonsteroidal estrogens.
Class identifiers
Synonyms Nonsteroidal estrogen receptor agonists
ATC code G03C
Biological target Estrogen receptors (ERα, ERβ, mERs (e.g., GPER, others))
Chemical class Nonsteroidal
In Wikidata

A nonsteroidal estrogen is an estrogen with a nonsteroidal chemical structure.[1] The most well-known example is the stilbestrol estrogen diethylstilbestrol (DES).[1][2] Although nonsteroidal estrogens formerly had an important place in medicine, they have gradually fallen out of favor following the discovery of toxicities associated with high-dose DES starting in the early 1970s, and are now almost never used.[2][3][4] On the other hand, virtually all selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) are nonsteroidal, with triphenylethylenes like tamoxifen and clomifene having been derived from DES,[5] and these drugs remain widely used in medicine for the treatment of breast cancer among other indications.[6] In addition to pharmaceutical drugs, many xenoestrogens, including phytoestrogens, mycoestrogens, and synthetic endocrine disruptors like bisphenol A, are nonsteroidal substances with estrogenic activity.[7]

List of nonsteroidal estrogens

Synthetic

Pharmaceutical

SERMs like tamoxifen and raloxifene can also be considered to be nonsteroidal estrogens in some tissues.[8]

Environmental

Natural

See also

References

  1. 1 2 Hermkens PH, Kamp S, Lusher S, Veeneman GH (2006). "Non-steroidal steroid receptor modulators". IDrugs. 9 (7): 488–94. PMID 16821162.
  2. 1 2 Scherr DS, Pitts WR (2003). "The nonsteroidal effects of diethylstilbestrol: the rationale for androgen deprivation therapy without estrogen deprivation in the treatment of prostate cancer". J. Urol. 170 (5): 1703–8. doi:10.1097/01.ju.0000077558.48257.3d. PMID 14532759.
  3. ↑ Hammes B, Laitman CJ (2003). "Diethylstilbestrol (DES) update: recommendations for the identification and management of DES-exposed individuals". J Midwifery Womens Health. 48 (1): 19–29. doi:10.1016/s1526-9523(02)00370-7. PMID 12589302.
  4. ↑ Schrager S, Potter BE (2004). "Diethylstilbestrol exposure". Am Fam Physician. 69 (10): 2395–400. PMID 15168959.
  5. ↑ Philipp Y. Maximov; Russell E. McDaniel; V. Craig Jordan (23 July 2013). Tamoxifen: Pioneering Medicine in Breast Cancer. Springer Science & Business Media. pp. 4–. ISBN 978-3-0348-0664-0.
  6. ↑ Edward P. Gelmann; Charles L. Sawyers; Frank J. Rauscher, III (19 December 2013). Molecular Oncology. Cambridge University Press. pp. 885–. ISBN 978-0-521-87662-9.
  7. ↑ Witorsch RJ (2002). "Endocrine disruptors: can biological effects and environmental risks be predicted?". Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol. 36 (1): 118–30. doi:10.1006/rtph.2002.1564. PMID 12383724.
  8. ↑ V. Craig Jordan (2013). Estrogen Action, Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators, and Women's Health: Progress and Promise. World Scientific. pp. 362–365. ISBN 978-1-84816-958-6.

Further reading

  • Hermkens PH, Kamp S, Lusher S, Veeneman GH (2006). "Non-steroidal steroid receptor modulators". IDrugs. 9 (7): 488–94. doi:10.2174/0929867053764671. PMID 16821162.
  • Mohler ML, Narayanan R, Coss CC, Hu K, He Y, Wu Z, Hong SS, Hwang DJ, Miller DD, Dalton JT (2010). "Estrogen receptor beta selective nonsteroidal estrogens: seeking clinical indications". Expert Opin Ther Pat. 20 (4): 507–34. doi:10.1517/13543771003657164. PMID 20302450.


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