Rockingham County, Virginia

Rockingham County is a county located in the U.S. state of Virginia. As of the 2010 census, the population was 76,314.[1] Its county seat is the independent city of Harrisonburg.[2]

Rockingham County
U.S. county
Rockingham County Courthouse in Court Square, Harrisonburg
Seal
Location within the U.S. state of Virginia
Virginia's location within the U.S.
Coordinates: 38°31′N 78°53′W
Country United States
State Virginia
Founded1778
Named forCharles Watson-Wentworth
SeatHarrisonburg
Largest townBridgewater
Area
 • Total853 sq mi (2,210 km2)
 • Land849 sq mi (2,200 km2)
 • Water4.3 sq mi (11 km2)  0.5%
Population
 (2010)
 • Total76,314
 • Estimate 
(2018)
81,244
 • Density89/sq mi (35/km2)
Time zoneUTC−5 (Eastern)
 • Summer (DST)UTC−4 (EDT)
Congressional district6th
Websitewww.rockinghamcountyva.gov

Along with Harrisonburg, Rockingham County forms the Harrisonburg, VA, Metropolitan Statistical Area. It is also home of the Rockingham County Baseball League.

History

Settlement of the county began in 1727, when Adam Miller (Mueller) staked out a claim on the south fork of the Shenandoah River, near the line that now divides Rockingham County from Page County.[3][4][5][6] On a trip through eastern Virginia, the German-born Miller had heard reports about a lush valley to the west which had been discovered by Governor Alexander Spotswood's legendary Knights of the Golden Horseshoe Expedition, and then moved his family down from Lancaster County, Pennsylvania.[7][8][9] In 1741, Miller purchased 820 acres (3.3 km2), including a large lithia spring, near Elkton, Virginia, and lived on this property for the remainder of his life.[10][11]

Much-increased settlement of this portion of the Colony of Virginia by Europeans began in the 1740s and 1750s. Standing between the Tidewater and Piedmont regions to the east in Virginia and the Shenandoah Valley and the area beyond (known in old Virginia as the "Transmountaine") were the Blue Ridge Mountains. Rather than cross such a formidable physical barrier, most early settlers came southerly up the valley across the Potomac River from Maryland and Pennsylvania. Many followed the Great Wagon Trail, also known as the Valley Pike (U.S. Route 11 in modern times).

Rockingham County was established in 1778 from Augusta County. Harrisonburg was named as the county seat and incorporated as a town in 1780.[12] Harrisonburg was incorporated as a city in 1916 and separated from Rockingham County (all cities in Virginia are independent of any county), but it remains the county seat.[13]

The county is named for Charles Watson-Wentworth, 2nd Marquess of Rockingham, a British statesman (1730–1782). He was Prime Minister of Great Britain twice, and a keen supporter of constitutional rights for the colonists. During his first term, he brought about the repeal of the Stamp Act of 1765, reducing the tax burden on the colonies. Appointed again in 1782, upon taking office, he backed the claim for the independence of the Thirteen Colonies, initiating an end to British involvement in the American Revolutionary War. However, he died after only 14 weeks in office. By 1778, it was unusual to honor British officials in Virginia, fighting for its independence. The same year, immediately to the north of Rockingham County, Dunmore County, named for Virginia's last Royal Governor, John Murray, 4th Earl of Dunmore, an unpopular figure, was renamed. The new name, Shenandoah County, used a Native American name. However, long their political supporter in the British Parliament, the Marquess of Rockingham was a popular figure with the citizens of the new United States. Also named in his honor were Rockingham County, New Hampshire, Rockingham County, North Carolina, and the City of Rockingham in Richmond County, North Carolina.

Rockingham County is the birthplace of Thomas Lincoln, Abraham Lincoln's father.[14] In 1979 when the Adolf Coors Brewing Company came to Rockingham County it caused an uproar; some citizens thought it would corrupt the morals of the area while others wanted the new jobs.[15]

In 2018, a series of strikes and protests were held in Dayton's Cargill plant.[16][17]

View of Rockingham County from Massanutten Mountain (looking west)

Geography

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the county has a total area of 853 square miles (2,210 km2), of which 849 square miles (2,200 km2) is land and 4.3 square miles (11 km2) (0.5%) is water.[18] It is the third-largest county in Virginia by land area. Large portions of the county fall within the Shenandoah National Park to the east and George Washington National Forest to the west, and therefore are subject to development restrictions. The county stretches west to east from the peaks of easternmost Alleghany mountains to the peaks of the Blue Ridge mountains, encompassing the entire width of the Shenandoah Valley. Rockingham is bisected by another geographic formation, Massanutten Mountain stretching from just east of Harrisonburg, VA to a few miles southwest of Front Royal, VA in Warren County, VA. Massanutten Mountain splits the central Shenandoah Valley as the German River and the North Fork Shenandoah River flow on its western side and the South Fork flows on the eastern.

Adjacent counties

National protected areas

Demographics
Historical population
CensusPop.%±
17907,449—
180010,37439.3%
181012,75322.9%
182014,78415.9%
183020,68339.9%
184017,344−16.1%
185020,29417.0%
186023,40815.3%
187023,6681.1%
188029,56724.9%
189031,2995.9%
190033,5277.1%
191034,9034.1%
192030,047−13.9%
193029,709−1.1%
194031,2895.3%
195035,07912.1%
196040,48515.4%
197047,89018.3%
198057,03819.1%
199057,4820.8%
200067,72517.8%
201076,31412.7%
Est. 201881,244[19]6.5%
U.S. Decennial Census[20]
1790–1960[21] 1900–1990[22]
1990–2000[23] 2010–2012[1]

As of the census[24] of 2000, 67,725 people, 25,355 households, and 18,889 families resided in the county. The population density was 80 people per square mile (31/km2). There were 27,328 housing units at an average density of 32 per square mile (12/km2). The racial makeup of the county was 96.58% White, 1.36% Black or African American, 0.13% Native American, 0.29% Asian, 0.01% Pacific Islander, 0.90% from other races, and 0.73% from two or more races. About 3.28% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.

Of 25,355 households, 32.90% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62.40% were married couples living together, 7.90% had a female householder with no husband present, and 25.50% were not families. About 21.20% of all households were made up of individuals and 9.10% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.61 and the average family size was 3.02.

In the county, the population was distributed as 24.60% under the age of 18, 8.70% from 18 to 24, 28.90% from 25 to 44, 23.80% from 45 to 64, and 13.90% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 38 years. For every 100 females, there were 97.00 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94.30 males.

The median income for a household in the county was $40,748, and for a family was $46,262. Males had a median income of $30,618 versus $21,896 for females. The per capita income for the county was $18,795. About 5.30% of families and 8.20% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9.10% of those under age 18 and 9.70% of those age 65 or over.

Education
For public schools, see Rockingham County Public Schools.

Colleges and universities

Transportation

Railroads

Rockingham County is principally served by Norfolk Southern Railway, a (major) Class 1 railroad and additionally, by the Shenandoah Valley Railroad, a short-line railroad.

Highways
I-81 in Rockingham County

Interstate 81 runs north–south and meets east–west Interstate 64 near Staunton to the south in adjacent Augusta County.

There are three major Primary State Highways in the county. (A primary road provides service which is relatively continuous and of relatively high traffic volume, long average trip length, high operating speed and high mobility importance).[25] Interstate highways and primary highways in Virginia are maintained by the Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT).

These primary state highways are:

  • U.S. Route 11 a north–south roadway which Interstate 81 parallels, U.S. Route 11 follows an old Native American trail, later known as the Valley Turnpike.
  • U.S. Route 33 is an east–west road which extends from a mountain ridge border with West Virginia across the Shenandoah Valley through Harrisonburg and Elkton. East of there, it climbs the western slope of the Blue Ridge Mountains to reach Swift Run Gap, a wind gap located at an elevation of 2,365 feet (721 m). The bucolic Skyline Drive, which is part of Shenandoah National Park, has an entry point at Swift Run Gap and the Appalachian Trail also passes through nearby. The mountain ridge forms the border between Rockingham County and Greene County. (U.S. 33 continues east to Richmond).
  • U.S. Route 340 in a north–south roadway which runs along the western slope of the Blue Ridge Mountains in the Valley.

Secondary roads: As provided by the Byrd Road Act of 1932, secondary roads in Rockingham County are also maintained by the Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT).

Communities

Towns

Census-designated places

Other unincorporated communities

Independent city

Since becoming an independent city in 1916, Harrisonburg is no longer politically located in Rockingham County, despite its status as the county seat.

Politics
Presidential elections results
Presidential elections results[26]
Year Republican Democratic Third parties
2016 69.3% 25,990 25.0% 9,366 5.7% 2,131
2012 69.4% 24,186 28.9% 10,065 1.8% 615
2008 67.4% 22,468 31.4% 10,453 1.2% 413
2004 74.4% 21,737 24.9% 7,273 0.7% 206
2000 72.9% 17,482 24.3% 5,834 2.8% 678
1996 64.7% 14,035 27.0% 5,867 8.3% 1,805
1992 60.6% 13,016 25.2% 5,407 14.3% 3,070
1988 72.6% 13,241 25.9% 4,716 1.6% 284
1984 75.7% 13,480 23.7% 4,220 0.6% 107
1980 63.8% 11,397 29.6% 5,294 6.5% 1,168
1976 61.9% 9,768 33.9% 5,349 4.3% 672
1972 81.7% 10,025 16.5% 2,026 1.8% 224
1968 66.4% 7,779 18.0% 2,111 15.6% 1,825
1964 49.7% 4,155 50.3% 4,205 0.0% 3
1960 70.3% 4,829 29.5% 2,026 0.3% 17
1956 71.7% 4,324 26.6% 1,605 1.6% 98
1952 73.1% 4,350 26.7% 1,591 0.2% 9
1948 62.1% 3,219 32.4% 1,680 5.5% 283
1944 63.6% 3,714 36.0% 2,104 0.4% 21
1940 52.7% 2,922 46.3% 2,569 1.0% 53
1936 48.9% 2,834 50.3% 2,916 0.8% 44
1932 43.0% 2,194 53.9% 2,750 3.2% 163
1928 73.2% 3,822 26.8% 1,402
1924 48.0% 1,982 49.4% 2,040 2.7% 110
1920 53.7% 2,464 45.1% 2,068 1.2% 56
1916 43.9% 1,322 54.8% 1,650 1.3% 40
1912 29.4% 937 55.2% 1,761 15.5% 493

See also

References
  1. "State & County QuickFacts". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 5, 2014.
  2. "Find a County". National Association of Counties. Retrieved 2011-06-07.
  3. Wayland, John, "A History of Rockingham County, Virginia," 1912: Ruebush-Elkins Co, Dayton, Va., pp 33–37
  4. "The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography" Vol X – No 1, July 1902, The Virginia Historical Society, Richmond, Va., pp 84–86
  5. Strickler, Harry, "A Short History of Page County Virginia" 1952: The Dietz Press, Richmond Va., pps 50–51
  6. Wayland, John, "The German Element in the Shenandoah Valley," 1907: Michie Company Printers, Charlottesville, Va., p 38-39
  7. Wayland, John "A History of Rockingham County, Virginia," p 37
  8. " The Virginia Magazine of History and Biography," pp 84–86
  9. Wayland, "The German Element in the Shenandoah Valley," (The Michie Company, Charlottesville, Va., 1907)p 38-39
  10. Wayland, John, "Virginia Valley Records," 1996: Clearfield Co, Baltimore, Md., pp 311–312
  11. Wayland, "The German Element in the Shenandoah Valley," p 42
  12. "RootsWeb.com Home Page". www.rootsweb.ancestry.com. Retrieved 23 March 2018.
  13. "rockinghamcountyva.gov".
  14. Thomas Lincoln
  15. Ringle, Ken (1979-03-25). "'Invasion' by Coors . . ". The Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2015-09-02.
  16. Barnett, Marina (November 21, 2017). "Community Solidarity with Poultry Workers call for changes at Cargill". WHSV-TV. Gray Television. Retrieved May 13, 2018.
  17. Wood, Victoria (April 5, 2018). "Nine protesters arrested outside Cargill in Dayton". WHSV-TV. Gray Television. Retrieved May 12, 2018.
  18. "US Gazetteer files: 2010, 2000, and 1990". United States Census Bureau. 2011-02-12. Retrieved 2011-04-23.
  19. "Population and Housing Unit Estimates". Retrieved July 14, 2018.
  20. "U.S. Decennial Census". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 5, 2014.
  21. "Historical Census Browser". University of Virginia Library. Retrieved January 5, 2014.
  22. "Population of Counties by Decennial Census: 1900 to 1990". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 5, 2014.
  23. "Census 2000 PHC-T-4. Ranking Tables for Counties: 1990 and 2000" (PDF). United States Census Bureau. Retrieved January 5, 2014.
  24. "U.S. Census website". United States Census Bureau. Retrieved 2011-05-14.
  25. "TRANSPORTATION". www.highlandcova.org. Retrieved 23 March 2018.
  26. Leip, David. "Dave Leip's Atlas of U.S. Presidential Elections". uselectionatlas.org. Retrieved 23 March 2018.

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