List of state leaders in the 19th century

State leaders in the 18th century – State leaders: 1901–1950 – State leaders by year

This is a list of state leaders in the 19th century (1801–1900) AD, such as the heads of state and heads of government.

These polities are generally sovereign states, but excludes minor dependent territories, whose leaders can be found listed under territorial governors in the 19th century. For completeness, these lists can include colonies, protectorates, or other dependent territories that have since gained sovereignty.

Africa

Africa: Central

Angola

vassal to Portugal: 1888–1914
  • unknown son of Ana III, King (1810–?)
Colony, 1575–1951
For details see the Kingdom of Portugal under Southwest Europe

Cameroon

  • Mbouombouo, Mfon (1757–1814)
  • Ngbetnkom, Mfon (1814–1817)
  • Mbeikuo, Mfon (1817–1818)
  • Ngouhouo, Mfon (1818–1865)
  • Ngoungoure, Mfon (1865)
  • Nsangou, Mfon (1865–1884)
German colony, 1884–1916
For details see the German Empire under central Europe

Central African Republic

Chad

  • ‘Abd ar-Rahman Gawrang, Mbangi (1785–1806)
  • Malam Ngarmaba Bira, Mbangi (1806)
  • ‘Uthman Burkomanda III al-Kabir, Mbangi (1806–1807)
  • Malam Ngarmaba Bira, Mbangi (1807)
  • ‘Uthman Burkomanda III al-Kabir, Mbangi (1807)
  • Muhammad III, Mbangi (1807)
  • ‘Uthman Burkomanda III al-Kabir, Mbangi (1807–1846)
  • ‘Abdul Qadir II al-Mahdi, Mbangi (1846–1858)
  • Abu-Sekkin Mohammed IV, Mbangi (1858–1870)
  • ‘Abd ar-Rahman II, Mbangi (1870–1871)
  • Abu-Sekkin Mohammed IV, Mbangi (1871–1884)
  • Burkomanda IV as-Saghir, Mbangi (1884–1885)
  • Ngarmane Ermanala, Regent (1885)
  • Gaourang II, Mbangi (1885–1897)
  • Muhammad Salih Derret ibn Jawda, Kolak (1795–1803)
  • Abd al-Karim Sabun, Kolak (1803–1813)
  • Muhammad Busata ibn ‘Abd al-Karim, Kolak (1813–1813)
  • Yusuf Kharifayn ibn ‘Abd al-Qadir, Kolak (1813–1829)
  • Raqib ibn Yusuf ‘Abd al-Qadir, Kolak (1829–1829)
  • Muhammad ‘Abd al-‘Aziz Dhawiyi ibn Radama (1829–1835)
  • Adham ibn Muhammad ‘Abd al-‘Aziz, Kolak (1835–1835)
  • ‘Izz ad-Din Muhammad al-Sharif ibn Salih Derret, Kolak (1835–1858)
  • 'Ali ibn Muhammad, Kolak (1858–1874)
  • Yusuf ibn ‘Ali, Kolak (1874–1898)
  • Ibrahim ibn ‘Ali, Kolak (1898–1900)
  • Ahmad Abu al-Ghazali ibn ‘Ali, Kolak (1900–1901)
  • rule of Rabih az-Zubayr
Colony, 1900–1960
For details see France under western Europe

Congo: Belgian

  • Kata Mbula, Nyim (1776–1810)
  • Mikope Mbula, Nyim (1810–1840)
  • Bope Mobinji, Nyim (1840–1885)
  • Mikope Mobinji, Nyim (1885–1890)
  • KotoMboke, Nyim (1890–1896)
  • Mishanga Pelenge, Nyim (1896–1900)
  • Nawej II Ditend, Mwaant Yaav (c.1800–1852)
  • Mulaj a Namwan, Mwaant Yaav (1852–1857)
  • Cakasekene Naweej, Mwaant Yaav (1857)
  • Muteba II a Cikombe, Mwaant Yaav (1857–1873)
  • Mbala II a Kamong Isot, Mwaant Yaav (1873–1874)
  • Mbumb I Muteba Kat, Mwaant Yaav (1874–1883)
  • Cimbindu a Kasang, Mwaant Yaav (1883–1884)
  • Kangapu Nawej, Mwaant Yaav (1884–1885)
  • Mudib, Mwaant Yaav (1885–1886)
  • Mutand Mukaz, Mwaant Yaav (1886–1887)
  • Mbala III a Kalong, Mwaant Yaav (1887)
  • Msiri, King (1856–1891)
  • Sovereign –

Congo: French

  • N'Gangue M'voumbe Makosso Ma Nombo, King (early 19th century)
  • N'Gangue M'voumbe Makosso Ma N'Sangou, King (1840-c.1883)
Colony, 1882–1910
For details see France under western Europe

Equatorial Guinea

Colony, 1778–1968
For details see Spain in southwest Europe

Gabon

  • Rénwombi "Mpolo", Agamwinboni (1790–1810)
  • Ogul'Issogwe Rogombe, Agamwinboni (1810–1840)
  • Ombango Rogombe "Ikinda" / King Pascal, Agamwinboni (1840–1862)
  • Ndebulia, Agamwinboni (1862–1865
  • Ntchènguè, Agamwinboni (1865–1882
  • Avonowanga, Agamwinboni (1882–?)
Colony, 1882–1910
For details see France under western Europe

São Tomé and Príncipe

Colony, 1470–1951
For details see the Kingdom of Portugal under Southwest Europe

Africa: East

Great Lakes area

Burundi
Kenya
  • Ahmad ibn Fumo Bakari, Mfalume (1858–1888)
  • Fumo Bakari ibn Ahmad, Mfalume (1888–1890)
  • Bwana Shaykh ibn Ahmad, Mfalume (1890–1891)
  • Fumo `Umar ibn Ahmad, Mfalume (1891–1893,1895–1923)
Independence disputed with Oman
  • Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Mazru‘i, Sultan (1782–1811)
  • ‘Abd Allah ibn Ahmad al-Mazru‘i, Sultan (1811–1823)
Omani Suzerainty
  • Sulayman ibn ‘Ali al-Mazru‘i, Sultan (1823–1826)
British protectorate, 1895–1920
For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe
Rwanda
Tanzania
Colony, 1885–1919
For details see the German Empire under central Europe
Uganda
  • Rwebishengye, Omugabe (?–1811)
  • Kayungu, Omugabe (1811–?)
  • Gasyonga I, Omugabe (?–1839)
  • Mutambuka, Omugabe (1839–1873)
  • Ntare V Rugingiza, Omugabe (1873–1895)
  • Kahaya II, Omugabe (1895–1944)
British protectorate, 1894–1962
For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

Horn of Africa area

Djibouti
Colony, 1896–1946
For details see France under western Europe
Eritrea
Colony, 1890–1936
For details see Italy under southcentral Europe
Ethiopia
  • Aydahis ibn Kadhafo Mahammad, Sultan (1779–1801)
  • Aydahis ibn Mahammad ibn Aydahis, Amoyta (1801–1832)
  • Hanfere ibn Aydahis, Amoyta (1832–1862)
  • Mahammad ibn Hanfere, Amoyta (1862–1902)
  • Dukamo, Tato (1790–1845)[2]
  • Ogata, Tato (1845–1865)
  • Dagoye, Tato (1865–1883)
  • Mijyu, Moti (?–c.1820)
  • Abba Manno, Moti (c.1820–c.1840)
  • Abba Bagibo, Moti (early 19th century)
  • Abba Rebo, Moti (?–1856)
  • Abba Dula, Moti (mid 19th century)
  • Abba Dula, Moti (?–1864)
  • Abba Jifar, Moti (late 19th century)
  • Abba Boka, Moti (?–1886)
  • Adam, Moti, Founder (late 18th century)
  • Oncho, Moti (c.1810)
  • Jawe, Moti (c.1840–1854)
  • Abba Dula, Moti (1854–1879)
  • Abba Jubir, Moti (June 1879–c.1890)
  • Abba Fogi, Moti (c.1890–1899)
  • Firisa, Moti (1899–1902)
  • Hoti Gaocho or Beshi Sheroch, King (1798–1821)
  • Gaha Nechocho or Gali Sheroch, King (1821–1845)
  • Gawi Nechocho or Haji Ginoch, King (1845–1854)
  • Kaye Sherocho or Kamo, King (1854–1870)
  • Gali Sherocho, King (1870–1890)
  • Gaki Sherocho, King (1890–1897)
  • Bofo, Abba Gomoli I, Supera (1800–1825)
  • Ibsa, Abba Bagibo, Supera (1825–1861)
  • Abba Bulgu, Supera (1861–1883)
  • Abba Gomoli II, Supera (1883–1891)
  • Amado, Kawo (1800–1835)
  • Damota, Kawo (1835–1845)
  • Gobe, Kawo (1845–1886)
  • Gaga, Kawo (1886–c.1890)
  • Tona, Kawo (1890–1895)
Somalia
  • Suldaan Maxamuud "Xawaadane" Suldaan Yuusuf Suldaan Cali, King (?–1815)
  • Suldaan Cismaan "Bah-Dir" Suldaan Maxamuud Suldaan Yuusuf, King (1815–1842)
  • Suldaan Yuusuf "Bah-Yaaquub" Suldaan Maxamuud Suldaan Yuusuf, King (1842–1844)
  • Suldaan Maxamuud Suldaan Cismaan Suldaan Maxamuud, King (1844–1860)
  • Osman Mahamuud, King (1860–c.1924)
  • Garaad Mohamud Ali, King (1789–1830)
  • Garaad Aul, King (1830–1870)
  • Garaad Ali Shire, King (1870–1897)
Colony, 1890–1936
For details see Italy under southcentral Europe
Protectorate, 1884–1940, 1941–1960
For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

Indian Ocean

Comoros
  • Ramanetaka, Sultan (1830–1842)
  • Djoumbé Fatima, Queen/Sultan (1842–1865, 1874–1878)
  • Ravao, Tsivandini, Regent (1842–1849)
  • Mohamed bin Saidi Hamadi Makadara, Sultan (1865–1874)
  • Djoumbé Fatima, Regent (1865–1868)
  • Joseph Lambert, Duc d'Imerina, Regent (1868–1871)
  • Djoumbé Fatima, Regent (1871–1878)
  • Abderremane bin Saidi Hamadi Makadara, Sultan (1878–1885)
  • Mohammed Shekhe, Sultan (1885–1886)
  • Marjani bin Abudu Shekhe, Sultan (1886–1888)
  • Salima Machamba bint Saidi Hamadi Makadara Queen/Sultan (1888–1909)
  • Fadeli bin Othman, Balia Juma, Abudu Tsivandini, Regents (1888–1889)
  • Mahmudu bin Mohamed Makadara, Regent (1889–1897)
  • Salima Machamba bint Saidi Hamadi Makadara Queen/Sultan (1888–1909)
  • Alawi bin Husain, Sultan (1796–1816)
  • Abdallah bin Alawi, Sultan (1816–1832, 1833–1836)
  • Ali bin Salim, Sultan (1832–1833)
  • Saidi Alawi bin Abdallah, Sultan (1836–1837)
  • Salim bin Alawi, Sultan (1837–1852)
  • Saidi Abdallah bin Salim, Sultan (1852–1891)
  • Salim bin Abdalla, Sultan (1891–1891)
  • Saidi Omar bin Saidi Hasan, Sultan (1891–1892)
  • Saidi Mohamed bin Saidi Omar, Sultan (1892–1912)
French protectorate, 1887–1908
For details see France under western Europe
Madagascar
French protectorate, 1882–1897
Colony, 1897–1958
For details see France under western Europe
Mauritius
French colony, 1715–1810
For details see France under western Europe
Colony, 1810–1968
For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe
Seychelles
Part of British Mauritius, 1811–1903
For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

Africa: Northcentral

Libya

Tunisia

Protectorate, 1881–1956
For details see France under western Europe

Africa: Northeast

Egypt

Sudan

  • Abd al-Rahman, Sultan (1785/6–c.1801)
  • Muhammad al-Fadl, Sultan (c.1801–1838)
  • Muhammad al-Husayn, Sultan (1838–1873)
  • Ibrahim, Sultan (1873–1874)
  • Ali Dinar, Sultan (1898–1916)
  • Ranfi, Sultan (1798–1804)[7][8]
  • Agban, Sultan (1804–1805)
  • Badi VII, Sultan (1805–1821)
  • Idris wad Abu Likayik, Regent (1798–1804)
  • Adlan wad Abu Likayik, Regent (1804–1805)
Condominium of the United Kingdom and Egypt, 1899–1956
For details see the United Kingdom and Egypt

Africa: Northwest

Algeria

Vassal state, 1515–1830
For details see the Ottoman Empire under west Asia
French Départements, 1830–1962
For details see France under western Europe

Morocco and Western Sahara

Overseas territory, 1884–1975
For details see Spain in southwest Europe

Africa: South

Botswana

British protectorate, 1885–1966
For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

Lesotho

British colony, 1884–1966
For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

Malawi

  • Zwangendaba, Paramount Chief (1815–1848)
  • Mpezeni I, Paramount Chief (1848–1900)
British protectorate, 1893–1907
For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

Mozambique

Colony, 1498–1972
For details see the Kingdom of Portugal under Southwest Europe

Namibia

  • Shimwemwe (1785–1805)
Colony, 1884–1915
For details see the German Empire under central Europe

South Africa

  • Jobe kaKhayi, Chief (?–1806)
  • Dingiswayo, Chief (1806–1817)
For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe
For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe
  • Lucas Johannes Meijer, President (1884–1888)
British colony, 1795–1910
For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe
Protectorate, 1893–1907
For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe
British colony, 1843–1910
For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe
British colony, 1877–1881, 1902–1910
For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

Swaziland

Zambia

  • Zwangendaba, Paramount Chief (1815–1848)
  • Mpezeni I, Paramount Chief (1848–1900)
  • Lukwesa Ilunga, Mwata (1760–1805)
  • Kanyembo Keleka Mayi, Mwata (1805–1850)
  • Kapumba Mwongo Mfwama, Mwata (1850–1854)
  • Chinyanta Munona, Mwata (1854–1862)
  • Mwonga Nsemba, Mwata (1862–1870)
  • Chinkonkole Kafuti, Mwata (1870–1872)
  • Lukwesa Mpanga, Mwata (1872–1883, 1885–1886)
  • Kanyembo Ntemena, Mwata (1883–1885, 1886–1904)
  • Mwananyanda Liwale, Mbumu wa Litunga (?–1812)
  • Mulambwa Santulu, Mbumu wa Litunga (1812–1830)
  • Silumelume, Mbumu wa Litunga (1830)
  • Mubukwanu, Mbumu wa Litunga (1830–1838)
  • Imasiku, Mbumu wa Litunga (1838)
  • Sebetwane, Morêna (1838–1851)
  • Mamochisane, Morêna (1851)
  • Sekeletu, Morêna (1851–1863)
  • Mambili, Morêna (1863)
  • Liswaniso, Morêna in rebellion (1863)
  • Mbololo, Morêna (1863–1864)
  • Sipopa Lutangu, Mbumu wa Litunga (1864–1876)
  • Mowa Mamili, Regent (1876)
  • Mwanawina II, Mbumu wa Litunga (1876–1878)
  • Lubosi I, Mbumu wa Litunga (1878–1884)
  • Akufuna Tatila, Mbumu wa Litunga (1884–1885)
  • Sikufele (in rebellion) (1885)
  • Lubosi I, Mbumu wa Litunga (1885–1916)

Zimbabwe

Company rule, 1890–1924
For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe
  • Changamire Tohwechipi, King (1831–1866)

Africa: West

Benin

  • Akengbuda, Oba (1750–1804)[9]
  • Obanosa, Oba (1804–1816)
  • Ogbebo, Oba (1816)
  • Osemwende, Oba (1816–1848)
  • Adolo, Oba (1848–1897)
see also Ovonramwen
Vassal of the Oyo Empire, 1740–1823
French protectorate, 1894–1900
  • Ajibolu, Oba of Ketu (1795–1816)

Burkina Faso

  • Yempaabu, ruler (1890s–?)
  • Yembuado, ruler (unknown date)
  • Bantia, ruler (19th century)
  • Yenkpaari, ruler (19th century)
  • Yembrima, ruler (late 19th century–1897)
  • Yentema, ruler (1897–1899)
  • Hampandi, ruler (1899–1923)
  • Gmarba, ruler (c.19th century)
  • Wori, ruler (c.19th century)
  • Gamambu, ruler (c.19th century)
  • Pangangri, ruler (c.19th century)
  • Mabungu, ruler (c.19th century)
  • Bandigoo, ruler (19th century)
  • Wurbendi, ruler (19th century)
  • Yembuado, ruler (19th century)
  • Baalisongi, ruler (19th century)
  • Yenkoari, ruler (19th century)
  • Yembrima, ruler (late 19th century–1889)
  • Yensombu, ruler (1889–1892)
  • Baahamma, ruler (1892–1905)
  • Alfa Hano, ruler (c.1870–c.1874)
  • Gazari, ruler (c.1874–1883)
  • Babatu, ruler (1883–1899)
  • Builsa Hamaria, ruler (1894–1897)
  • Magan Wule Wattara, ruler (1749–1809)
  • Dramani, ruler (1809–1809)
  • Dyori Wattara, ruler (1809–1839)
  • Bako Moru Wattara, ruler (1839–1851)
  • Laganfyela Moru, ruler (1851–1854)
  • Ali Dyan, ruler (1854–1878)
  • Kokoroko Dyan, ruler (1878–1885)
  • Sabana, ruler (1885–1892)
  • Tyeba Wattara Nyandane, ruler (1892–1897)
  • Pintyeba Wattara, ruler (1897–1909)
  • Yencabri, ruler (1810–early 19th century)
  • Interregnum, ruler (early 19th century)
  • Kalinkuma, ruler (early 19th century)
  • Yembuado, ruler (19th century)
  • Yensombu, ruler (19th century)
  • Yentugri, ruler (19th century)
  • Lansongi, ruler (19th century)
  • Yencirima, ruler (late 19th century)
  • Yenhamma, ruler (late 19th century–1878)
  • Yenkuagu, ruler (1878–1917)
  • Brahima bi Saydu, Ja-oro (1758–1810)
  • Brahima bi Saydu, Almami (1810–1817)
  • Salifu bi Hama, Almami (1817–1832)
  • Brahima Sori bi Hama, Almami (1832–1861)
  • Seku bi Salifu, Almami (1861–1887)
  • Bubakar Amadu bi Isa, Almami (1887–1890)
  • Bubakar bi Sori, Almami (1890–1891)
  • Brahima Usman, Almami (1891–1915)
  • Yembuaro, Boopo (19th century)
  • Yembrima, Boopo (19th century)
  • Baahamma, Boopo (late 19th century)
  • Yempaabu, Boopo (late 19th century)
  • Labidiedo, Boopo (late 19th century–1887)
  • Tintuoriba Adama, Boopo (1887–1896)
  • Hampanli, Boopo (1896–1897)
  • Huntani, Boopo (1897–1902)
  • Baahamma, Nunbado (1791–1822)
  • Yenhamma, Nunbado (1822–1831)
  • Yencirima, Nunbado (1831–1843)
  • Yencabri, Nunbado (1843–1846)
  • Yempabu, Nunbado (1846–1856)
  • Yempadigu, Nunbado (1856–1883)
  • Yentuguri, Nunbado (1883–1892)
  • Bancandi, Nunbado (1892–1911)
  • Yenharima, Jafuali (19th century)
  • Lisongi, Jafuali (19th century)
  • Hampanli, Jafuali (19th century)
  • Hanmiliri, Jafuali (late 19th century)
  • Yembuaro, Jafuali (late 19th century–1878)
  • Baahamma, Jafuali (1878–1918)
  • Baahamma, Pielabedo (19th century)
  • Yembuado, Pielabedo (19th century)
  • Yentema, Pielabedo (19th century)
  • Yentagima, Pielabedo (19th century–1836)
  • Yembrima, Pielabedo (1836–1844)
  • Yenkpaari, Pielabedo (1844–1851)
  • Yencaari, Pielabedo (1851–1856)
  • Yentandi, Pielabedo (1856–1901)
  • Sapilem, Naaba (19th century)
  • Nyambre, Naaba (19th century)
  • Salma, Naaba (19th century)
  • Korongo, Naaba (1894)
  • Naaba Dulugu, Moogo-naaba (1783–1802)
  • Naaba Sawadogo, Moogo-naaba (1802–1834)
  • Naaba Karfo, Moogo-naaba (1834–1842)
  • Naaba Baongo I, Moogo-naaba (1842–1850)
  • Naaba Kutu I, Moogo-naaba (1850–1871)
  • Naaba Sanum, Moogo-naaba (1871–1889)
  • Naaba Wobgo, Moogo-naaba (1889–1897)
  • Naaba Mazi, Moogo-naaba (1896–1896)
  • Naaba Sigiri, Moogo-naaba (1897–1905)
  • Rima Naaba Saaga, Yatenga naaba (1787–1803)
  • Rima Naaba Kaongo, Yatenga naaba (1803–1806)
  • Rima Naaba Tuguri, Yatenga naaba (1806–1822)
  • Naaba Koom I, Yatenga naaba (1822–1825)
  • Naaba Korogo, Yatenga naaba (1825–1825)
  • Naaba Ragongo, Yatenga naaba (1825–1831)
  • Naaba Wobgo II, Yatenga naaba (1831–1831)
  • Naaba Nyambe Moogo, Yatenga naaba (1831–1834)
  • Rima Naaba Totebaldbo, Yatenga naaba (1834–1850)
  • Rima Naaba Yemde, Yatenga naaba (1850–1877)
  • Naaba Sanum, Yatenga naaba (1877–1879)
  • Rima Naaba Woboga, Yatenga naaba (1879–1884)
  • Naaba Piiyo II, Yatenga naaba (1884–1885)
  • Rima Naaba Baongo, Yatenga naaba (1885–1895)
  • Naaba Bulli, Yatenga naaba (1895–1899)
  • Sidiyete Wedraogo, ruler (1895–1896)
  • Naaba Ligidi, Yatenga naaba (1899–1902)

Cape Verde

Colony, 1462–1951
For details see the Kingdom of Portugal under Southwest Europe

Gambia

British colony and protectorate, 1821–1965
For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

Ghana

  • Osei Kwame Panyin, Asantehene (1777–1803)
  • Opoku Fofie, Asantehene (1803–1804)
  • Osei Bonsu, Asantehene (1804–1824)
  • Osei Yaw Akoto, Asantehene (1824–1834)
  • Kwaku Dua I Panyin, Asantehene (1834–1867)
  • Kofi Karikari, Asantehene (1867–1874)
  • Kwabena Dwomo, Regent (1874)
  • Mensa Bonsu, Asantehene (1874–1883)
  • Civil War period, (1883–1888)
  • Kwaku Dua II, Asantehene (1884)
  • Owusu Kofi, Interim Council Chairman (1884)
  • Akyampon Panyin, Interim Council Chairman (1884–1887)
  • Owusu Sekyere II, Regent (1887–1888)
  • Prempeh I, Asantehene (1888–1902)
British colony, 1821–1957
For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

Guinea

  • Ibrahima Sori Dongolfella, Almami (?–1890)
  • Bokar Biro's elder brother, Almami (1890–?)
  • Bokar Biro, Almami (?–1892)
  • Amadu, Almami (1892–1894)
  • Bokar Biro, Almami (1894–1896)
Colony, 1894–1958
For details see France under western Europe

Guinea-Bissau

  • Janke Waali, ruler (1867)
Colony, 1474–1951
For details see the Kingdom of Portugal under Southwest Europe

Ivory Coast

  • Biri Kofi Kadyo, Gyaamanhene (1790–1810)
  • Kwadwo Adinkra Kadyo, Gyaamanhene (1810–1820)
  • Fofie, Gyaamanhene (1820–1830)
  • Kwasi Yeboa, Gyaamanhene (1830–1850)
  • Kwadwo Agyeman, Gyaamanhene (1850–1895)
Colony, 1893–1960
For details see France under western Europe

Liberia

Mali

  • Mansong Diarra, Faama (1795–1808)
  • Da Monzon Diarra, Faama (1808–?)
  • Mamady Kandian, Fama (?–1854)
  • Almany Niamody, Fama (?–1878)
Colony, 1880–1958
For details see France under western Europe

Mauritania

Niger

  • Ahmadou dan Tanimoun, Sultan (1799–1812)
  • Sulayman, Sultan (1812–1822)
  • Ibrahim, Sultan (1843–1851)
  • Fodi Maÿroumfa, Askiya (1798–1805)[10]
  • Tomo, Askiya (1805–1823)
  • Bassarou Missi Izé, Askiya (1823–1842)
  • Boumi, Askiya (1842–1845)
  • Koïzé Babba, Askiya (1845–1864)
  • Koïzé Babba Baki, Askiya (1864–1865)
  • Ouankoÿ, Askiya (1865–1868)
  • Biyo Birma, Askiya (1868–1882)
  • Doauda, Askiya (1882–1887)
  • Malla, Askiya (1887–1901)

Nigeria

  • Ekpenyong Offiong Okoho, King (1786–1805)
  • Ekpenyong Effiom Okoho Eyamba III, King (1805–1814)
  • Effiom Edem Ekpo Effiom I Eyamba IV, King (1814–1834)
  • Edem Ekpenyong Offiong Okoho Eyamba V, King (1834–1847)
  • Effiom Okoho Asibong I Ekpo Minika, King (1849–1852)
  • Ededem Effiom II, King (1852–1858)
  • Eyo Asibong II, King (1859–1872)
  • Edem Asibong III Eyamba VIII, King (1872–1879)
  • Orok Edem Eyamba IX, King (1880–1896)
  • Eyo Etinyin, King (c.1896–c.1903)
Sayfawa dynasty[12]
House of Kanemi
  • Majotu, Alaafin (1802–1830)
  • Amodo, Alaafin (1830–1833)
  • Oluewu, Alaafin (1833–1835)
  • Atiba Atobatele, Alaafin (1837–1859)
  • Adelu, Alaafin (1859–1875)
  • Adeyemi I Alowolodu, Alaafin (1876–1888), Oba (1888–1896)
vassal to the United Kingdom: 1888–1896
  • Suleimanu dan AbaHama, Emir (1805–1819)
  • Ibrahim Dabo dan Mahmudu, Emir (1819–1846)
  • Usman I Maje Ringim dan Dabo, Emir (1846–1855)
  • Abdullahi Maje Karofi dan Dabo, Emir (1855–1883)
  • Muhammadu Bello dan Dabo, Emir (1883–1893)
  • Mohammed Tukur, Emir (1893–1894)
  • Aliyu Babba, Emir (1894–1903)
  • Grand Viziers
  • Muhammadu Bakatsine, Grand Vizier (1807–?)
  • Ahmadu Mai Shahada, Grand Vizier (1889–1903)
  • Ezimilo, Eze Nri (1795–1886)
  • Òbalíke, Eze Nri (1889–1911)
  • Muhammadu al-Bukhari, Grand Vizier (1890–1903)
  • Muhammadu Dan Ayi dan Ahmadu Jerabana Albishir, Emir (1799–1829)
  • Ibrahimu dan Muhammadu Dan Ayi, Emir (1829–1835)
  • Jibrilu Gajeren Sarki dan Muhammadu Dan Ayi, Emir (1835–1844)
  • Abu Bakr Jatau dan Mustafa Gazari, Emir (1844–1848)
  • Jibrilu Gajeren Sarki dan Muhammadu Dan Ayi, Emir (1848–1849)
  • Ya`quba dan Jibrilu Gajeren Sarki, Emir (1849–1850)
  • Sulaymanu Dan Addo dan Ibrahimu, Emir (1850–1871)
  • Abd Allahi Gallo dan Muhammadu Dan Ayi, Emir (1871–1888)
  • Abd Allahi Abarshi dan `Ali dan Yerima, Emir (1888–1904)
British colony, 1821–1957
British protectorate, 1900–1914
British protectorate, 1900–1914
For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

Senegal

  • Mba Buri-Nyabu, Buur-ba (1800–1818)
  • Birayamb Kumba-Gey, Buur-ba (1818–1838)
  • al-Buri Tam, Buur-ba (1838–1845)
  • Baka Kodu, Buur-ba (1845–1847)
  • Birayamb Aram, Buur-ba (1847–1849)
  • Birayma-Penda, Buur-ba (1849)
  • Mbanyi-Paate, Buur-ba (1849)
  • Lat-Koddu, Buur-ba (1849)
  • Birayamb Ma-Dyigen, Buur-ba (1850–1855)
  • al-Buri Peya, Buur-ba (1855–1856)
  • Bakan-Tam Yaago, Buur-ba (1856–1858)
  • Taanor, Buur-ba (1858–1863)
  • Bakan-Tam Khaari, Buur-ba (1863–1871)
  • Amadu Seeku, Buur-ba (1871–1875)
  • Alboury Ndiaye, Buur-ba (1875–1890)
  • Amari Ngone Ndèla Kumba Fal, Damel (1790–1809)
  • Biram Fatma Cub Fal, Damel (1809–1832)
  • Maysa Tènde Jor Samba Fal, Damel (1832–1855)
  • Birima Ngone Latir Fal, Damel (1855–1860)
  • Ma-Kodu Kumba Yande Fal, Damel (1860–1861)
  • Ma-Jojo Jegeñ Kodu Fal, Damel (1861)
  • Lat Jor Ngone Latir Jop, Damel (1862–1864)
  • Ma-Jojo Jegeñ Kodu Fal, Damel (1864–1868)
  • Lat Jor Ngone Latir Jop, Damel (1871–1882)
  • Amari Ngone Fal, Damel (1883)
  • Samba Laobe Fal, Damel (1883–1886)
  • Abdelkedir, Almaami (1776–1804)
  • unknown Almaami (1804–1859)
Vassal of the Toucouleur Empire, 1861–1877
  • Mustafa, Almaami (1859–1868)
  • Ahmadu Sego, Almaami (1868–1875)
  • Abdul Bu Bakar, Almaami (1875–1877)
  • Balleh N'Gougou N'Dao (or Ballé Khordia Ndao), Maad Saloum (1825–1853)[13]
  • Bala Adam Njie, Maad Saloum (1853–1856)[13]
  • Kumba N'Dama Mbodj, Maad Saloum (1856–1859)[13]
  • Samba Laobe Latsouka Fall), Maad Saloum (1859–1864)[13]
Federation of colonies, 1895–1958
For details see France under western Europe

Sierra Leone

  • Farima IV, Bai (1793–1807)
  • Foki, Bai (1807–1817)
  • Moriba Kindo Bangura, Bai (1817–1825)
  • Kunia Banna, Bai (1825–1826)
  • Fatima Brima Kama, Bai-Queen (1826–1840)
  • Moribu Kindo, Bai (1840–1859)
  • Kanta, Bai (1859–1872)
British colony and protectorate, 1808–1961
For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

Togo

Protectorate, 1884–1916
For details see the German Empire under central Europe

Americas

Americas: Caribbean

Greater Antilles: Hispaniola

  • Félix Mercenario, Domingo de la Rocha, José María Caminero, Manuel Jimenes, Council of Secretaries of State (1848)
  • José Antonio Hungría, Francisco Antonio Gómez Báez, José Ramón Luciano y Franco, Junta of Generals (1868)
  • Pedro Tomás Garrido, José de Jesús de Castro, Pedro Pablo de Bonilla, Juan Bautista Zafra, Pablo López Villanueva, Jacinto Peynado, Council of Secretaries of State (1876)
  • Pablo López Villanueva, José Caminero Matías, Juan Esteban Ariza Matos, Fidel Rodríguez Urdaneta, José de Jesús Eduardo de Castro Álvarez, Juan Bautista Zafra y Miranda, Pedro Tomás Garrido Matos, Superior Governing Junta (1876)
  • Cesáreo Guillermo, Alejandro Angulo Guridi, Pedro Maria Aristy, Council of Secretaries of State (1878–1879)
  • Tomás Demetrio Morales, Arístides Patiño, Enrique Henríquez y Alfau, Jaime R. Vidal, Braulio Álvarez, Council of Secretaries of State (1899)
  • Mariano Cestero, Álvaro Logroño, Arístides Patiño, Pedro María Mejía, Council of Secretaries of State (1899)

Americas: Central

Americas: North

Mexico

(1863–1864)

United States

Americas: South

Asia

Asia: Central

Kazakhstan

  • Aishuaq, Khan (1797–1805)
  • Shergazy, Khan (1805–1824)
  • Bokei, Khan (1801–1815)
  • Shygai, Khan (1815–1823)
  • Zhangir, Khan (1823–1845)
  • Uali, Khan (1781–1819)
  • Gubaidolla, Khan (1819–1822)

Tibet

Manchu overlordship, 1720-1912
For details see the Qing dynasty under Eastern Asia

Uzbekistan

  • Narbuta Bey, Khan (c.1764–1801)
  • Alim, Khan (1800–1810)
  • Muhammad Umar, Khan (1810–1822)
  • Muhammad Ali, Khan (1822–1842)
  • Shir Ali, Khan (1842–1845)
  • Murad Beg, Khan (1845)
  • Muhammad Khudayar, Khan (1845–1858)
  • Muhammad Mallya Beg, Khan (1858–1862)
  • Shah Murad, Khan (1862)
  • Muhammad Khudayar Khan (1862–1865)
  • Muhammad Sultan, Khan (1863–1865)
  • Bil Bahchi, Khan (1865)
  • Muhammad Sultah, Khan (1865–1866)
  • Muhammad Khudayar, Khan (1866–1875)
  • Nasir ad-Din Abdul Karin, Khan (1875)
  • Muhammad Pulad Beg, Khan (1875–1875)
  • Nasir ad-Din Abdul Karim, Khan (1875–1883)
  • Abu al-Ghazi IV, Khan (1790–1802)
  • Abu al-Ghazi V ibn Gha'ib, Khan (1802–1804)
  • Iltazar Inaq ibn Iwaz Inaq, Khan (1804–1806)
  • Muhammad Rahim Bahadur I.(1806–1825)
  • Allah Quli Bahadur, Khan (1825–1842)
  • Muhammad Rahim Quli, Khan (1842–1846)
  • Abu al-Ghazi Muhammad Amin Bahadur, Khan (1846–1855)
  • Abdullah, Khan (1855)
  • Qutlugh Muhammad Murad Bahadur, Khan (1855–1856)
  • Mahmud, Khan (1856)
  • Sayyid Muhammad, Khan (1856–1864)
  • Muhammad Rahim Bahadur II., Khan (Feruz Khan), Khan (1864–1910)
  • Shah Murad bin Daniyal Bey, Amir (1785–1800)
  • Haydar Tora bin Shah Murad, Amir (1800–1826)
  • Hussain bin Haydar Tora, Amir (1826–1827)
  • Umar bin Haydar Tora, Amir (1827)
  • Nasr-Allah bin Haydar Tora, Amir (1827-1860)
Russian protectorate, 1873–1917
Russian Krai, 1867–1918
For details see the Russian Empire under Eastern Europe

Asia: East

China: Qing dynasty

China: Taiwan

Japan

  • Meiji, Emperor (1867–1912)
Vassal state of Satsuma Domain, 1609–1872
  • Shō On, King (1795–1802)
  • Shō Sei, King (1802–1803)
  • Shō Kō, King (1804–1828)
  • Shō Iku, Regent (1828–1835), King (1835–1847)
  • Shō Tai, King (1848–1879), Vassal state of the Empire of Japan, 1872–1879

Korea

  • Sunjo, King (1800–1834)
  • Heonjong, King (1834–1849)
  • Gojong, King (1863–1897), Emperor (1897–1907)
  • Gojong, King (1863–1897), Emperor (1897–1907)

Asia: South

Afghanistan

Bengal

Bengal
Murshidabad
  • Ram Singh II, King (1790–1832)
  • Rajendra Singh, King (1832–1835)
  • Rajdhar Manikya, King (1783-1804)
  • Ramgana Manikya, King (1804-1809)
  • Durga Manikya, King (1809-1813)
  • Kashi Chandra Manikya, King (1826-1830)
  • Krishna Kishore Manikya , King (1830-1849)

Bhutan

  • Druk Namgyel, Druk Desis (1799–1803)
  • Sonam Gyaltshen (Tashi Namgyel), Druk Desis (1803–1805)
  • Sangye Tenzin, Druk Desis (1805–1806)
  • Umzey Parob, Druk Desis (1806–1808)
  • Byop Chhyoda, Druk Desis (1807–1808)
  • Tsulthrim Daba, Druk Desis (1809–1810)
  • Thutul (Jigme Dragpa), Druk Desis (1810–1811)
  • Chholay Yeshey Gyaltshen, Druk Desis (1811–1815)
  • Tshaphu Dorji Namgyel, Druk Desis (1815)
  • Sonam Drugyel, Druk Desis (1815–1819)
  • Tenzin Drukda, Druk Desis (1819–1823)
  • Chhoki Gyaltshen, Druk Desis (1823–1831)
  • Dorji Namgyal, Druk Desis (1831–1832)
  • Adab Thinley, Druk Desis (1832–1835)
  • Chhoki Gyaltshen, Druk Desis (1835–1838)
  • Dorji Norbu, Druk Desis (1838–1850)
  • Wangchuk Gyalpo, Druk Desis (1850–1850)
  • Thutul (Jigme Dragpa), Druk Desis (1850–1852)
  • Sangye, Druk Desis (1851–1852)
  • Damchho Lhundrup, Druk Desis (1852–1854)
  • Jamtul Jamyang Tenzin, Druk Desis (1854–1856)
  • Kunga Palden, Druk Desis (1856–1860)
  • Sherab Tharchin, Druk Desis (1856–1860)
  • Phuntsho Namgyel (Nazi Pasang), Druk Desis (1860–1863)
  • Tshewang Sithub, Druk Desis (1863–1864)
  • Tsulthrim Yonten, Druk Desis (1864–1864)
  • Kagyud Wangchuk, Druk Desis (1864–1864)
  • Tshewang Sithub, Druk Desis (1865–1867)
  • Tsondul Pekar, Druk Desis (1867–1870)
  • Jigme Namgyel, Druk Desis (1870–1873)
  • Kitshab Dorji Namgyel, Druk Desis (1873–1879)
  • Jigme Namgyel, Druk Desis (1877–1878)
  • Kitsep Dorji Namgyel, Druk Desis (1878–1879)
  • Chhogyel Zangpo, Druk Desis (1879–1880)
  • Jigme Namgyel, Druk Desis (1880–1881)
  • Lam Tshewang, Druk Desis (1881–1883)
  • Gawa Zangpo, Druk Desis (1883–1885)
  • Sangye Dorji, Druk Desis (1885–1901)

India

Joint-stock colony, 1757–1858
Colony and princely states, 1858–1947
For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe
See also the list of princely states of British India (alphabetical) for all princely states

Maldives

Nepal

Pakistan

  • Maharajas –
  • Wazirs –
  • Jamadar Khushal Singh, Wazir (1799–1818)[15]
  • Dhian Singh Dogra, Wazir (1818–1843)
  • Hira Singh Dogra, Wazir (1843–1844)
  • Jawahar Singh Aulakh, Wazir (1844–1845)
  • Gulab Singh, Wazir (1846–1846)[16]

Sri Lanka

Colony, 1815–1948
For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

Asia: Southeast

Asia: West

  • Abdullah ibn Ahmad Al Khalifa, Hakim (1796–1843)
  • Sulman ibn Ahmad Al Khalifa, Hakim (1796–1825)
  • Khalifah ibn Sulman Al Khalifa, Hakim (1825–1834)
  • Muhammad ibn Khalifah Al Khalifa, Hakim (1834–1842)
  • Muhammad ibn Khalifah Al Khalifa, Hakim (1843–1868)
  • Ali ibn Khalifah Al Khalifa, Hakim (1868–1869)
  • Muhammad ibn Khalifah Al Khalifa, Hakim (1869)
  • Muhammad ibn Abdullah Al Khalifa, Hakim (1869)
  • Isa ibn Ali Al Khalifa, Hakim (1869–1923)
  • Sultan - Selim III (1789–1807)
  • Grand Vizier – Yusuf Ziyaüddin Pasha (1798–1805)

Europe

Europe: Balkans

Bulgaria

Greece

Montenegro

  • Petar I, Prince-Bishop (1782–1830)
  • Petar II, Prince-Bishop (1830–1851)
  • Danilo II, Prince-Bishop (1851–1852), Prince (1852–1860)
  • Danilo II, Prince-Bishop (1851–1852), Prince (1852–1860)
  • Nikola I, Sovereign prince (1860–1910), King (1910–1918)
  • Božo Petrović-Njegoš, President (1879–1905)

Serbia

Europe: British Isles

Europe: Central

Austria

Germany

  • Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor Elect (1792–1806)

Hungary

Liechtenstein

Switzerland

Europe: East

Europe: Nordic

First ministers in Christiania, Norway
Prime ministers in Christiania, Norway

Europe: Southcentral

  • Domenico Fattori, Antonio Righi, Captains Regent (1900)
  • Giovanni Bonelli, Pietro Ugolini, Captains Regent (1900–1901)

Europe: Southwest

Andorra

Portugal

Spain

Europe: West

Belgium

France

Luxembourg

Monaco

Netherlands

Eurasia: Caucasus

  • Keilash Ahmed–Bey, Prince (c.1780–1808)
  • Aslan–Bey, Prince (1808–1810)
  • Sefer Ali–Bey, Prince (1810–1821)
  • Umar–Bey, Prince (1821–1822)
  • Mikhail, Prince (1822–1864)

Oceania

Society Islands

Friendly Islands

  • Tēvita ʻUnga, Prime minister (1872–1879)
  • Shirley Waldemar Baker, Prime minister (1881–1890)
  • Siaosi U. Tuku'aho, Prime minister (1890–1893)
  • Siosateki Veikune, Prime minister (1893–1905)

Pitcairn

Became a British colony

Wallis and Futuna

  • Fonati, King (1784–c.1839)
  • Niuliki, King (c.1839–1841)
  • Musumusu, Regent (1841–1844)
  • Filipo Meitala, King (1844–1862)
  • Alia Segi, King (1862–?)
  • Soane Malia Musulamu, King (c.1887–1929)
  • Vanae, King (1800–1839)
  • Petelo Keletaona, King (1842–1851)
  • Alefosio Tamole, King (1851–?)
  • Anise Tamole, King (c.1887)

References

  1. ↑ Joyce (M.A.) & Torday (E.), Notes ethnographiques sur les peuples communément appelés Bakuba, ainsi que sur les peuplades apparentées, les Bushongo. Bruxelles 1910 ;page 17–19
  2. ↑ Werner J. Lange, History of the Southern Gonga (Southwestern Ethiopia) (Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner, 1982), p. 64.
  3. ↑ C.F. Beckingham and G.W.B. Huntingford, Some Records of Ethiopia, 1593–1646 (London: Hakluyt Society, 1954), p. lxxxix
  4. ↑ C.F. Beckingham and G.W.B. Huntingford, Some Records of Ethiopia, 1593–1646 (London: Hakluyt Society, 1954), p. lxxxvif
  5. ↑ C.F. Beckingham and G.W.B. Huntingford, Some Records of Ethiopia, 1593–1646 (London: Hakluyt Society, 1954), p. lvi. Amnon Orent, "Refocusing on the History of Kafa prior to 1897: A Discussion of Political Processes" in African Historical Studies, Vol. 3, No. 2. (1970), p. 268.
  6. ↑ C.F. Beckingham and G.W.B. Huntingford, Some Records of Ethiopia, 1593–1646 (London: Hakluyt Society, 1954), pp. lxv – lxvii.
  7. ↑ MacMichael, H. A. (1922). "Appendix I: The Chronology of the Fung Kings". A History of the Arabs in the Sudan and Some Account of the People Who Preceded Them and of the Tribes Inhabiting Dárfūr. Volume II. Cambridge University Press. p. 431. OCLC 264942362.
  8. ↑ Holt, Peter Malcolm (1999). "Genealogical Tables and King-Lists". The Sudan of the Three Niles: The Funj Chronicle 910–1288 / 1504–1871. Islamic History and Civilization, 26. Leiden: BRILL. pp. 182–186. ISBN 978-90-04-11256-8.
  9. ↑ Ben-Amos (1995). The Art of Benin Revised Edition. p. 32.
  10. ↑ Tilho 1911, pp. 505-510 Volume 2.
  11. ↑ "Nigeria: Traditional polities". Rulers.Org. Retrieved 2010-09-02.
  12. ↑ Dates calculated on the basis of Lange, Diwan, 80-94.
  13. 1 2 3 4 5 Klein, Martin A., Islam and Imperialism in Senegal. Sine-Saloum, 1847–1914, Edinburgh University Press, 1968, p. XV
  14. ↑ Diouf, Chronique du royaume du Sine, loc. cit., p. 712-733
  15. ↑ Grewal, J.S. (1990). The Sikhs of the Punjab. Cambridge University Press. p. 107. ISBN 0 521 63764 3. Retrieved 15 April 2014.
  16. ↑ Satinder Singh, Raja Gulab Singh's Role 1971, pp. 46-50.
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