List of Prime Ministers of Italy

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The Prime Minister of Italy, officially President of the Council of Ministers, is the political leader of Italy since 1861. The Palazzo Chigi in Rome is the official residence of the Prime Minister.^[1]

The Prime Minister is the President of the Council of Ministers (which holds effective executive power) and he must receive a vote of approval from it to execute most political activities. The office is similar to those in most other parliamentary systems, but the leader of the Italian government is not authorized to request the dissolution of the Parliament or to dismiss the ministers.

The office was established by Articles 92 through to 96 of the current Constitution of Italy. The Prime Minister is appointed by the President of the Republic after each general election. Commonly referred to in Italy as Premier, the right title of the office holder is Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri, or just Presidente del Consiglio. The formal Italian order of precedence lists the office as being ceremonially the fourth most important Italian state office.

History

The office was first established in 1848 in Italy's predecessor state, the Kingdom of Sardinia, although it was not mentioned in the constitution, the Albertine Statute. The candidate for office was appointed by the king and presided over a very unstable political system. In its first 60 years of existence (1861–1921), Italy changed its prime minister 37 times. Regarding this situation, the first goal of Benito Mussolini, appointed in 1922, was to abolish the Parliament's ability to put him to a vote of no confidence, thus basing his power on the will of the king and the National Fascist Party alone. With the proclamation of the Italian Republic in 1946, the office received constitutional recognition and 26 men assumed the office in 70 years.

Prime Ministers of Italy

Presidents of the Council of Ministers of the Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)

Parties:

• 1861–1912: (two-party system)

  Historical Right   Historical Left

• 1912–1922: (multiparty system)

  Liberal Union   Radical Party   Reform Socialist Party   Military

• 1922–1943: (single-party state)

  National Fascist Party

• 1943–1946: (multiparty system)

  Labour Democratic Party   Action Party   Christian Democracy

Governments:   Rightist coalition   Leftist coalition   Liberal coalition   Fascist   Military   Mixed coalition

Portrait		Name (Birth–Death)	Term of office		Tenure (Years and days)	Party	Government	Composition	Legislature	King
		Camillo Benso, Conte di Cavour (1810–1861)	23 March 1861	6 June 1861†	75 days	Historical Right	Cavour IV	Right	VIII (1861)	Victor Emmanuel II (1861–1878)
		Bettino Ricasoli (1809–1880)	12 June 1861	3 March 1862	264 days	Historical Right	Ricasoli I	Right
		Urbano Rattazzi (1808–1873)	3 March 1862	8 December 1862	280 days	Historical Left	Rattazzi I	Right–Left
		Luigi Carlo Farini (1812–1866)	8 December 1862	24 March 1863	106 days	Historical Right	Farini	Right
		Marco Minghetti (1818–1886)	24 March 1863	28 September 1864	1 year, 188 days	Historical Right	Minghetti I	Right
		General Alfonso Ferrero la Marmora (1804–1878)	28 September 1864	31 December 1865	1 year, 265 days	Historical Right	La Marmora II	Right
			31 December 1865	20 June 1866			La Marmora III		IX (1865)
		Bettino Ricasoli (1809–1880)	20 June 1866	10 April 1867	294 days	Historical Right	Ricasoli II	Government of National Unity (Right–Left)
		Urbano Rattazzi (1808–1873)	10 April 1867	27 October 1867	200 days	Historical Left	Rattazzi II	Right–Left	[[Italian general election, 1867|X (1867)]]
		Luigi Federico Menabrea (1809–1896)	27 October 1867	5 January 1868	1 year, 48 days	Historical Right	Menabrea I	Right
			5 January 1868	13 May 1869			Menabrea II
			13 May 1869	14 December 1869			Menabrea III
		Giovanni Lanza (1810–1882)	14 December 1869	10 July 1873	3 years, 208 days	Historical Right	Lanza	Right	XI (1870)
		Marco Minghetti (1818–1886)	10 July 1873	25 March 1876	2 years, 259 days	Historical Right	Minghetti II	Right	XII (1874)
		Agostino Depretis (1813–1887)	25 March 1876	25 December 1877	1 year, 364 days	Historical Left	Depretis I	Left	XIII (1876)
			26 December 1877	24 March 1878			Depretis II			Umberto I (1878–1900)
		Benedetto Cairoli (1825–1889)	24 March 1878	19 December 1878	270 days	Historical Left	Cairoli I	Left
		Agostino Depretis (1813–1887)	19 December 1878	14 July 1879	214 days	Historical Left	Depretis III	Left
		Benedetto Cairoli (1825–1889)	14 July 1879	25 November 1879	1 year, 319 days	Historical Left	Cairoli II	Left
			25 November 1879	29 May 1881			Cairoli III		XIV (1880)
		Agostino Depretis (1813–1887)	29 May 1881	25 May 1883	6 years, 61 days	Historical Left	Depretis IV	Left
			25 May 1883	30 March 1884			Depretis V		XV (1882)
			30 March 1884	29 June 1885			Depretis VI
			29 June 1885	4 April 1887			Depretis VII		XVI (1886)
			4 April 1887	29 July 1887†			Depretis VIII
		Francesco Crispi (1819–1901)	29 July 1887	9 March 1889	3 years, 192 days	Historical Left	Crispi I	Left
			9 March 1889	6 February 1891			Crispi II		XVII (1890)
		Antonio Starabba, Marchese di Rudinì (1839–1908)	6 February 1891	15 May 1892	1 year, 99 days	Historical Right	Rudinì I	Left–Right
		Giovanni Giolitti (1842–1928)	15 May 1892	15 December 1893	1 year, 214 days	Historical Left	Giolitti I	Left	XVIII (1892)
		Francesco Crispi (1819–1901)	15 December 1893	14 June 1894	2 years, 86 days	Historical Left	Crispi III	Left–Right
			14 June 1894	10 March 1896			Crispi IV		XIX (1895)
		Antonio Starabba, Marchese di Rudinì (1839–1908)	10 March 1896	11 July 1896	2 years, 111 days	Historical Right	Rudinì II	Right with Left's external support
			11 July 1896	14 December 1897			Rudinì III
			14 December 1897	1 June 1898			Rudinì IV	Left–Right	XX (1897)
			1 June 1898	29 June 1898			Rudinì V	Right with Left's external support
		General Luigi Pelloux (1839–1924)	29 June 1898	14 May 1899	1 year, 360 days	Military	Pelloux I	Left–Military
			14 May 1899	24 June 1900			Pelloux II	Left–Right–Military
		Giuseppe Saracco (1821–1907)	24 June 1900	15 February 1901	236 days	Historical Left	Saracco	Left–Right	XXI (1900)	Victor Emmanuel III (1900–1946)
		Giuseppe Zanardelli (1826–1903)	15 February 1901	3 November 1903	2 years, 261 days	Historical Left	Zanardelli	Left–Right
		Giovanni Giolitti (1842–1928)	3 November 1903	12 March 1905	1 year, 129 days	Historical Left	Giolitti II	Left–Right with PSI's external support	XXII (1904)
		Tommaso Tittoni (1855–1931)	12 March 1905	27 March 1905	15 days	Historical Right	Tittoni	Left–Right
		Alessandro Fortis (1842–1909)	27 March 1905	24 December 1905	318 days	Historical Left	Fortis I	Left–Right
			24 December 1905	8 February 1906			Fortis II
		Sidney Sonnino (1847–1922)	8 February 1906	29 May 1906	110 days	Historical Right	Sonnino I	Left–Right–Radicals
		Giovanni Giolitti (1842–1928)	29 May 1906	11 December 1909	3 years, 196 days	Historical Left	Giolitti III	Left–Right
		Sidney Sonnino (1847–1922)	11 December 1909	31 March 1910	110 days	Historical Right	Sonnino II	Left–Right	XXIII (1909)
		Luigi Luzzatti (1841–1927)	31 March 1910	30 March 1911	364 days	Historical Right	Luzzatti	Left–Right
		Giovanni Giolitti (1842–1928)	30 March 1911	21 March 1914	2 years, 356 days	Liberal Union	Giolitti IV	Liberal coalition (UL–PR–PDC–UECI–PD–CC)
		Antonio Salandra (1853–1931)	21 March 1914	5 November 1914	2 years, 89 days	Liberal Union	Salandra I	Liberal coalition (UL–PDC–UECI–PD–CC)	XXIV (1913)
			5 November 1914	18 June 1916			Salandra II
		Paolo Boselli (1838–1932)	18 June 1916	30 October 1917	1 year, 134 days	Liberal Union	Boselli	Government of National Unity (UL–PR–PDC–UECI– PSRI–PD–PRI–CC)
		Vittorio Emanuele Orlando (1860–1952)	30 October 1917	23 June 1919	1 year, 236 days	Liberal Union	Orlando	Government of National Unity (UL–PR–PDC–UECI– PSRI–PD–PRI–CC)
		Francesco Saverio Nitti (1868–1953)	23 June 1919	21 May 1920	358 days	Radical Party	Nitti I	Liberal coalition (UL–PPI–PR–PDSI–PSRI)
			21 May 1920	15 June 1920			Nitti II	Liberal coalition (PPI–PLD–UL–PDSI–PR)	XXV (1919)
		Giovanni Giolitti (1842–1928)	15 June 1920	4 July 1921	1 year, 19 days	Liberal Union	Giolitti V	Liberal coalition (PPI–PLD–UL–PDSI–PR–PSRI)
		Ivanoe Bonomi (1873–1951)	4 July 1921	26 February 1922	237 days	Italian Reformist Socialist Party	Bonomi I	Liberal coalition (PPI–PLD–UL–PDSI–PSRI)	XXVI (1921)
		Luigi Facta (1861–1930)	26 February 1922	1 August 1922	247 days	Liberal Union/ Italian Liberal Party	Facta I	Liberal coalition (PPI–PLI–PR–PDSI–PSRI–PA)
			1 August 1922	31 October 1922			Facta II	Liberal coalition (PPI–PLI–PR–PDSI–PSRI)
		Benito Mussolini (1883–1945) (Head of the Government and Duce of Fascism from 1925)	31 October 1922	25 July 1943	20 years, 267 days	National Fascist Party	Mussolini	PPI–PLI–PDSI–PNF–ANI
								PNF	XXVII (1924)
									XXVIII (1929)
									XXIX (1934)
									XXX (no election)
		Marshal Pietro Badoglio (1871–1956)	25 July 1943	24 April 1944	329 days	Military	Badoglio I	Military	Abolished Parliament
			24 April 1944	18 June 1944			Badoglio II	National Liberation Committee (DC–PSIUP–PCI–PLI–PDL–PdA)
		Ivanoe Bonomi (1873–1951)	18 June 1944	12 December 1944	1 year, 1 day	Labour Democratic Party	Bonomi II	National Liberation Committee (DC–PSIUP–PCI–PLI–PDL–PdA)
			12 December 1944	19 June 1945			Bonomi III		National Council
		Ferruccio Parri (1890–1981)	21 June 1945	8 December 1945	172 days	Action Party	Parri	National Liberation Committee (DC–PSIUP–PCI–PLI–PDL–PdA)
		Alcide De Gasperi (1881–1954)	10 December 1945	10 July 1946	212 days	Christian Democracy	De Gasperi I	National Liberation Committee (DC–PSIUP–PCI–PLI–PDL–PdA)		Umberto II (1946)

Presidents of the Council of Ministers of the Italian Republic (1946–present)

Parties:

• 1946–1994: (multiparty system)

  Christian Democracy   Republican Party   Socialist Party   Independent

• 1994–2018: (two-coalition system)

  Centre-right (FI/PdL)   Centre-left (Ulivo/PD)

• 2018–present: (three-coalition system)

  Independent

Coalitions:   Centrist coalition   Centre-right coalition   Centre-left coalition   Populist coalition   Mixed coalition

Portrait		Name (Birth–Death)	Term of office		Tenure (Years and days)	Party	Government	Composition	Legislature	President
		Alcide De Gasperi (1881–1954)	10 July 1946	2 February 1947	7 years, 38 days	Christian Democracy	De Gasperi II	National Liberation Committee (DC–PSIUP–PCI–PRI)	Constituent Assembly (1946)	Enrico De Nicola (1946–1948)
			2 February 1947	31 May 1947			De Gasperi III	National Liberation Committee (DC–PSIUP–PCI)
			31 May 1947	23 May 1948			De Gasperi IV	Centrism (DC–PSDI–PLI–PRI)
			23 May 1948	27 January 1950			De Gasperi V		I (1948)	Luigi Einaudi (1948–1955)
			27 January 1950	26 July 1951			De Gasperi VI	Centrism (DC–PSDI–PRI)
			26 July 1951	16 July 1953			De Gasperi VII	Centrism (DC–PRI)
			16 July 1953	17 August 1953			De Gasperi VIII	DC	II (1953)
		Giuseppe Pella (1902–1981)	17 August 1953	18 January 1954	154 days	Christian Democracy	Pella	DC
		Amintore Fanfani (1908–1999)	18 January 1954	10 February 1954	23 days	Christian Democracy	Fanfani I	DC
		Mario Scelba (1901–1991)	10 February 1954	6 July 1955	1 year, 146 days	Christian Democracy	Scelba	Centrism (DC–PSDI–PLI)
		Antonio Segni (1891–1972)	6 July 1955	19 May 1957	1 year, 317 days	Christian Democracy	Segni I	Centrism (DC–PSDI–PLI)		Giovanni Gronchi (1955–1962)
		Adone Zoli (1887–1960)	19 May 1957	1 July 1958	1 year, 43 days	Christian Democracy	Zoli	DC
		Amintore Fanfani (1908–1999)	1 July 1958	15 February 1959	229 days	Christian Democracy	Fanfani II	Centrism (DC–PSDI)	III (1958)
		Antonio Segni (1891–1972)	15 February 1959	25 March 1960	1 year, 39 days	Christian Democracy	Segni II	DC
		Fernando Tambroni (1901–1963)	25 March 1960	26 July 1960	123 days	Christian Democracy	Tambroni	DC with MSI's external support
		Amintore Fanfani (1908–1999)	26 July 1960	21 February 1962	2 years, 330 days	Christian Democracy	Fanfani III	DC
			21 February 1962	21 June 1963			Fanfani IV	Centrism (DC–PSDI–PRI with PSI's external support)		Antonio Segni (1962–1964)
		Giovanni Leone (1908–2001)	21 June 1963	4 December 1963	166 days	Christian Democracy	Leone I	DC	IV (1963)
		Aldo Moro (1916–1978)	4 December 1963	22 July 1964	4 years, 203 days	Christian Democracy	Moro I	Organic Centre-left (DC–PSI–PSDI–PRI)
			22 July 1964	23 February 1966			Moro II			Giuseppe Saragat (1964–1971)
			23 February 1966	24 June 1968			Moro III
		Giovanni Leone (1908–2001)	24 June 1968	12 December 1968	171 days	Christian Democracy	Leone II	DC	V (1968)
		Mariano Rumor (1915–1990)	12 December 1968	5 August 1969	1 year, 237 days	Christian Democracy	Rumor I	Organic Centre-left (DC–PSU–PRI)
			5 August 1969	27 March 1970			Rumor II	DC
			27 March 1970	6 August 1970			Rumor III	Organic Centre-left (DC–PSI–PSDI–PRI)
		Emilio Colombo (1920–2013)	6 August 1970	17 February 1972	1 year, 195 days	Christian Democracy	Colombo	Organic Centre-left (DC–PSI–PSDI–PRI)
		Giulio Andreotti (1919–2013)	17 February 1972	26 June 1972	1 year, 140 days	Christian Democracy	Andreotti I	DC		Giovanni Leone (1971–1978)
			26 June 1972	7 July 1973			Andreotti II	Centrism (DC–PSDI–PLI)	VI (1972)
		Mariano Rumor (1915–1990)	7 July 1973	14 March 1974	1 year, 139 days	Christian Democracy	Rumor IV	Organic Centre-left (DC–PSI–PSDI–PRI)
			14 March 1974	23 November 1974			Rumor V	Organic Centre-left (DC–PSI–PSDI)
		Aldo Moro (1916–1978)	23 November 1974	12 February 1976	1 year, 249 days	Christian Democracy	Moro IV	Centrism (DC–PRI)
			12 February 1976	29 July 1976			Moro V	DC
		Giulio Andreotti (1919–2013)	29 July 1976	11 March 1978	3 years, 6 days	Christian Democracy	Andreotti III	Historic Compromise (DC with PCI's external support)	VII (1976)
			11 March 1978	20 March 1979			Andreotti IV			Sandro Pertini (1978–1985)
			20 March 1979	4 August 1979			Andreotti V	Centrism (DC–PSDI–PRI)
		Francesco Cossiga (1928–2010)	4 August 1979	4 April 1980	1 year, 75 days	Christian Democracy	Cossiga I	Centrism (DC–PSDI–PLI)	VIII (1979)
			4 April 1980	18 October 1980			Cossiga II	Organic Centre-left (DC–PSI–PRI)
		Arnaldo Forlani (1925–)	18 October 1980	28 June 1981	253 days	Christian Democracy	Forlani	Organic Centre-left (DC–PSI–PSDI–PRI)
		Giovanni Spadolini (1925–1994)	28 June 1981	23 August 1982	1 year, 156 days	Italian Republican Party	Spadolini I	Pentapartito (DC–PSI–PSDI–PRI–PLI)
			23 August 1982	1 December 1982			Spadolini II
		Amintore Fanfani (1908–1999)	1 December 1982	4 August 1983	246 days	Christian Democracy	Fanfani V	DC–PSI–PSDI–PLI
		Bettino Craxi (1934–2000)	4 August 1983	1 August 1986	3 years, 256 days	Italian Socialist Party	Craxi I	Pentapartito (DC–PSI–PRI–PSDI–PLI)	IX (1983)
			1 August 1986	17 April 1987			Craxi II			Francesco Cossiga (1985–1992)
		Amintore Fanfani (1908–1999)	17 April 1987	28 July 1987	102 days	Christian Democracy	Fanfani VI	DC
		Giovanni Goria (1943–1994)	28 July 1987	13 April 1988	260 days	Christian Democracy	Goria	Pentapartito (DC–PSI–PRI–PSDI–PLI)	X (1987)
		Ciriaco De Mita (1928–)	13 April 1988	22 July 1989	1 year, 100 days	Christian Democracy	De Mita	Pentapartito (DC–PSI–PRI–PSDI–PLI)
		Giulio Andreotti (1919–2013)	22 July 1989	12 April 1991	2 years, 342 days	Christian Democracy	Andreotti VI	Pentapartito (DC–PSI–PRI–PSDI–PLI)
			12 April 1991	28 June 1992			Andreotti VII	Quadripartito (DC–PSI–PSDI–PLI)
		Giuliano Amato (1938–)	28 June 1992	28 April 1993	304 days	Italian Socialist Party	Amato I	Quadripartito (DC–PSI–PLI–PSDI)	XI (1992)	Oscar Luigi Scalfaro (1992–1999)
		Carlo Azeglio Ciampi (1920–2016)	28 April 1993	10 May 1994	1 year, 12 days	Independent	Ciampi	DC–PSI–PDS–PLI–PRI–PSDI–FdV
		Silvio Berlusconi (1936–)	10 May 1994	17 January 1995	252 days	Forza Italia	Berlusconi I	PdL–PBG (FI–LN–AN–CCD–UdC)	XII (1994)
		Lamberto Dini (1931–)	17 January 1995	17 May 1996	1 year, 121 days	Independent	Dini	Independents (supported by PDS, PPI, PSI, FdV, LR, CS, LN)
		Romano Prodi (1939–)	17 May 1996	21 October 1998	2 years, 157 days	The Olive Tree (Independent)	Prodi I	The Olive Tree (PDS–PPI–RI–FdV–UD with PRC's external support)	XIII (1996)
		Massimo D'Alema (1949–)	21 October 1998	22 December 1999	1 year, 187 days	The Olive Tree (DS)	D'Alema I	The Olive Tree (DS–PPI–RI–SDI–FdV–PdCI–UDR)
			22 December 1999	25 April 2000			D'Alema II			Carlo Azeglio Ciampi (1999–2006)
		Giuliano Amato (1938–)	25 April 2000	11 June 2001	1 year, 47 days	The Olive Tree (Independent)	Amato II	The Olive Tree (DS–PPI–Dem–FdV–PdCI– UDEUR–RI–SDI)
		Silvio Berlusconi (1936–)	11 June 2001	23 April 2005	4 years, 340 days	Forza Italia	Berlusconi II	House of Freedoms (FI–AN–LN–UDC–NPSI–PRI)	XIV (2001)
			23 April 2005	17 May 2006			Berlusconi III
		Romano Prodi (1939–)	17 May 2006	8 May 2008	1 year, 357 days	The Olive Tree / Democratic Party	Prodi II	The Union (DS–DL/PD–PRC–RnP–PdCI– IdV–FdV–UDEUR)	XV (2006)	Giorgio Napolitano (2006–2015)
		Silvio Berlusconi (1936–)	8 May 2008	16 November 2011	3 years, 192 days	The People of Freedom	Berlusconi IV	Centre-right coalition (PdL–LN–MpA)	XVI (2008)
		Mario Monti (1943–)	16 November 2011	28 April 2013	1 year, 163 days	Independent	Monti	Independents (supported by PdL, PD, UdC, FLI, ApI)
		Enrico Letta (1966–)	28 April 2013	22 February 2014	300 days	Democratic Party	Letta	Grand coalition (PD–PdL/NCD–SC–PpI–UdC–RI)	XVII (2013)
		Matteo Renzi (1975–)	22 February 2014	12 December 2016	2 years, 294 days	Democratic Party	Renzi	PD–NCD–SC–UdC
		Paolo Gentiloni (1954–)	12 December 2016	1 June 2018	1 year, 171 days	Democratic Party	Gentiloni	PD–NCD/AP–CpE		Sergio Mattarella (2015–)
		Giuseppe Conte (1964–)	1 June 2018	Incumbent	137 days	Independent	Conte	Government of Change (M5S–LN)	XVIII (2018)

Timeline

Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)

Italian Republic (1946–present)

Living former Prime Ministers of Italy

• Living former Prime Ministers of Italy
• 
  Arnaldo Forlani
  1980–1981
  (1925-12-08) 8 December 1925
• 
  Ciriaco De Mita
  1988–1989
  (1928-02-02) 2 February 1928
• 
  Giuliano Amato
  1992–1993
  2000–2001
  (1938-05-13) 13 May 1938
• 
  Silvio Berlusconi
  1994–1995
  2001–2006
  2008–2011
  (1936-09-29) 29 September 1936
• 
  Lamberto Dini
  1995–1996
  (1931-03-01) 1 March 1931
• 
  Romano Prodi
  1996–1998
  2006–2008
  (1939-08-09) 9 August 1939
• 
  Massimo D'Alema
  1998–2000
  (1949-04-20) 20 April 1949
• 
  Mario Monti
  2011–2013
  (1943-03-19) 19 March 1943
• 
  Enrico Letta
  2013–2014
  (1966-08-20) 20 August 1966
• 
  Matteo Renzi
  2014–2016
  (1975-01-11) 11 January 1975
• 
  Paolo Gentiloni
  2016–2018
  (1954-11-22) 22 November 1954

See also

• Deputy Prime Minister of Italy
• Lists of incumbents
• List of Prime Ministers of Italy by time in office
• Politics of Italy
• Prime Minister of Italy

References

Bibliography

• Guglielmotti, Umberto, ed. (1966). I presidenti del Consiglio dei Ministri dell'Unita' d'Italia ad oggi, Volume 3 (in Italian). CEN.
• Viviani, Maria Paola, ed. (1970). La presidenza del Consiglio dei ministri in alcuni stati dell'Europa occidentale ed in Italia (in Italian). Giuffrè.
• Rotelli, Ettore, ed. (1972). La Presidenza Del Consiglio Dei Ministri: Il Problema Del Coordinamento Dell'amministrazione Centrale in Italia, (1848-1948) (in Italian). Giuffrè.
• Marzo, Corradino; Amodio, Vito Domenico, eds. (2014). I governi della Repubblica. Storia dei Presidenti del Consiglio, Volume 1 (in Italian). Lupo. ISBN 978-8866671893.

External links