Alaouite dynasty

Alaouite dynasty Alawite dynasty سلالة العلويين الفيلاليين
Country	Morocco
Ethnicity	Moroccan
Founded	1631
Founder	Moulay Ali Cherif
Current head	Mohammed VI
Religion	Sunni islam Maliki
Estate(s)	Morocco

Historical Arab states and dynasties
Ancient Arab States Kingdom of Thamud 800 BC–200 BC Kingdom of Qedar 800 BC–300 BC Kingdom of Lihyan 600 BC–100 BC Nabataean Kingdom 400 BC–106 AD Kingdom of Kindah 200 BC–633 AD Kingdom of Osroene 132 BC–244 AD Kingdom of Characene 127 BC–221 AD Royal family of Emesa 64 BC–300s AD Kingdom of Araba 100s–241 AD Tanukhids 196–1100 AD Ghassanids 220–638 AD Lakhmids 300–602 AD
Arab Empires Rashidun 632–661 Umayyads 661–750 Abbasids 750–1258 Fatimids 909–1171
Eastern Dynasties Emirate of Armenia 654–884 Emirate of Tbilisi 736–1122 Emirate of Crete 824–961 Dulafids 840–897 Kaysites 860–964 Shirvanshah 861-1538 Alavids 864–928 Hamdanids 890–1004 Rawadids 955–1071 Jarrahids 970–1107 Uqaylids 990–1096 Numayrids 990–1081 Mirdasids 1024–1080 Muzaffarids 1314–1393 Ma'anids 1517–1697 Shihabid 1697–1842 Al-Azm family 1720–1807
Western Dynasties Emirate of Córdoba 756–929 Muhallabids 771–793 Idrisids 788–974 Aghlabids 800–909 Emirate of Sicily 831–1091 Caliphate of Córdoba 929–1031 Kanzids 1004–1412 Tujibids 1013–1039 Abbadids 1023–1091 Hammudids 1026–1057 Jawharids 1031–1091 Hudids 1039–1110 Sumadihids 1041–1091 Nasrids 1230–1492 Saadis 1554–1659 Senussids 1837–1969
Arabian Peninsula Imammate of Oman 751–1970 Ziyadids 819–1138 Yufirids 847–997 Ukhaidhirds 865–1066 Rassids 897–1962 Qarmatians 899–1077 Wajihids 926–965 Sharifate of Mecca 968–1925 Sulayhids 1047–1138 Sulaymanids 1063–1174 Uyunids 1076–1253 Zurayids 1083–1174 Nabhanids 1154–1624 Mahdids 1159–1174 Rasulids 1229–1454 Usfurids 1253–1320 Jarwanids 1305–1487 Kathirids 1395–1967 Tahirids 1454–1526 Jabrids 1463–1521 Qasimids 1597–1872 Ya'arubids 1624–1742 Upper Yafa 1800–1967 Muscat and Oman 1820–1970 Rashidids 1836–1921 Sultanate of Zanzibar 1856–1964 Qu'aitids 1858–1967 Emirate of Beihan 1903–1967 Idrisids 1906–1934 Mutawakkilite Kingdom 1926–1970
Current monarchies Alaouites (Morocco) 1631–present Al Qasimi (Ras al Khaymah) 1727–present Al Qasimi (Sharjah) 1727–present Al Saud (Saudi Arabia) 1744–present Al Said (Oman) 1749–present Al Sabah (Kuwait) 1752–present Al Nahyan (Abu Dhabi) 1761–present Al Nuaim (Ajman ) 1810–present Al Mu'alla (Umm al-Quwain) 1775–present Al Khalifa (Bahrain) 1783–present Al Maktoum (Dubai) 1833–present Al Thani (Qatar) 1868–present Al Sharqi (Fujairah) 1900–present Hashemites (Jordan) 1921–present

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History of Morocco
Prehistoric Acheulean Mousterian Aterian Iberomaurusian Capsian
Classical Antiquity (8th century BC – 7th century AD) Phoenician Carthaginian Roman Mauretania Mauretania Tingitana
Early Islamic (8th – 10th century AD) Muslim conquest Umayyad Caliphate Berber Revolt Emirate of Nekor Emirate of Sijilmasa Barghwata confederacy Idrisid dynasty
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Since 1956 Ifni War Sand War Coup attempt in 1971 / in 1972 Years of Lead Madrid Accords Green March Western Sahara conflict 2011–12 protests
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Royal family of Morocco
HM The King HRH The Princess Consort HRH The Crown Prince HRH Princess Lalla Khadija HH Princess Lalla Latifa HRH Princess Lalla Meryem HRH Princess Lalla Asma HRH Princess Lalla Hasna HRH Prince Moulay Rachid HRH Princess Lalla Oum Kalthum HH Prince Moulay Ahmed HRH Princess Lalla Lamia HH Prince Moulay Hicham HH Princess Lalla Zineb HH Prince Moulay Ismail HRH Princess Lalla Malika HH Princess Lalla Joumala Alaoui Sharif Moulay Abdallah Alaoui Sharif Moulay Youssef Alaoui

The Alaouite dynasty, or Alawite dynasty (Arabic: سلالة العلويين الفيلاليين‎, Sulālat al-ʿAlawiyyīn al-Fīlālīyn), is the current Moroccan royal family. The name Alaouite comes from the ‘Alī of ‘Alī ibn Abī Ṭālib, Muhammad's son-in-law and cousin, whose descendant Sharif ibn Ali became Prince of Tafilalt in 1631. His son Mulay Al-Rashid (1664–1672) was able to unite and pacify the country. The Alaouite family claim descent from Muhammad through his daughter Fāṭimah az-Zahrah and her husband ‘Alī ibn Abī Ṭālib.

Conquest

According to tradition, the Alaouites entered Morocco at the end of the 13th century when Al Hassan Addakhil, who lived in the town of Yanbu in the Hejaz, was brought to Morocco by the inhabitants of Tafilalet to be their imām. They were hoping that, as he was a descendant of Muhammad, his presence would help to improve their date palm crops thanks to his barakah ("blessing"), an Arabic term meaning a sense of charisma. His descendants began to increase their power in southern Morocco after the death of the Saadi dynasty ruler Ahmad al-Mansur (1578–1603). In 1659, the last Saʻadī sultan was overthrown before the conquest of Marrakesh by Mulay al-Rashid (1664–1672). After the victory over the Zaouia of Dila, who controlled northern Morocco, he was able to unite and pacify the country.

Centralised state

The organisation of the sultanate developed under Ismail Ibn Sharif (1672–1727), who, against the opposition of local tribes, began to create a unified state. Because the Alaouites had difficult relations with many of the country's Berber and Bedouin-Arab tribes, Isma'īl formed a new army of black slaves, the Black Guard. However, the unity of Morocco did not survive his death—in the ensuing power struggles the tribes became a political and military force once again.

During Muhammad III's reign (1757–1790) the kingdom was once again united and the administration reorganised. A renewed attempt at centralisation was abandoned, and the tribes were allowed to preserve their autonomy. Under Abderrahmane (1822–1859) Morocco fell under the influence of the European powers. After Morocco supported the Algerian independence movement of Emir Abd al-Qadir, it was attacked and defeated by the French in 1844 at the Battle of Isly and made to abandon its support.

European contact and the French protectorate

During the reigns of Muhammad IV (1859–1873) and Hassan I (1873–1894), the Alaouites tried to foster trading links, above all with European countries and the United States. The army and administration were also modernised to improve control over the Berber and Bedouin tribes. With the war against Spain (1859–1860) came direct involvement in European affairs. Although the independence of Morocco was guaranteed at the Treaty of Madrid (1880), the French gained ever greater influence. German attempts to counter this growing influence led to the First Moroccan Crisis of 1905–1906 and the Second Moroccan Crisis of 1911.

Eventually the Moroccans were forced to recognise the French protectorate through the Treaty of Fez, signed on December 3, 1912. At the same time the Rif area of northern Morocco was raised under Spanish control.

Independence movement

The protectorate regime faced opposition from the tribes. In 1930, the Berbers were placed under the jurisdiction of French courts, marking the beginning of the independence movement. In 1944, the Istiqlāl Party was founded and was supported by Sultan Muhammad V (1927–1961). Morocco achieved independence on 2 March 1956.

List of Alaouite rulers

From 1631 to 1666 the Alaouite dynasty ruled as princes of Tafilalt:

• Moulay Ali Cherif (1631–1635)
• Muhammad ibn Sharif (1635–1664)
• Al-Rashid (1664–1666)

In 1666 Mulay Al-Rashid was proclaimed Sultan of Morocco at Fez:

• Al-Rashid (1666–1672)
• Mawlay Ismail Ibn Sharif (1672–1727)
• Abu'l Abbas Ahmad II (1727–1728) (first time)
• Abdalmalik (1728)
• Abu'l Abbas Ahmad II (1728–1729) (second time)
• Abdallah (1729–1734) (first time)
• Ali (1734–1736)
• Abdallah (1736) (second time)
• Mohammed II (1736–1738)
• Al-Mostadi (1738–1740) (first time)
• Abdallah (1740–1741) (third time)
• Zin al-Abidin (1741)
• Abdallah (1741–1742) (fourth time)
• Al-Mostadi (1742–1743) (second time)
• Abdallah (1743–1747) (fifth time)
• Al-Mostadi (1747–1748) (third time)
• Abdallah (1748–1757) (sixth time)
• Mohammed III (1757–1790)
• Yazid (1790–1792)
  

  Abdication of Abdelhafid in 1912
• Slimane of Morocco (1792–1822)
• Abderrahmane (1822–1859)
• Mohammed IV (1859–1873)
• Hassan I (1873–1894)
• Abdelaziz (1894–1908)
• Abdelhafid (1908–1912)

Under the French protectorate (1912–1956):

• Yusef (1912–1927)
• King Mohammed V (1927–1961), changed title of ruler from Sultan to King in 1957. Deposed and exiled to Corsica and Madagascar (1953–1955).
• Mohammed Ben Aarafa, installed by France (1953–1955)

From independence (1956 onwards):

• King Mohammed V (1955–1961)
• King Hassan II (1961–1999)
• King Mohammed VI (1999–present)

Timeline

Family tree

Moulay Ali Cherif

Mohammed I

Ismail

Rachid

Ahmad

Abdul Malek

Abdallah II

Mohammed II

Ali

Al-Mustadi'

Zin al-Abidin

Mohammed III

Al-Yazid

Hisham

Sulayman

Abd al-Rahman ibn Hicham

Mohammed IV

Hassan I

Aarafa

Abd al-Aziz

Abd al-Hafid

Youssef

Tahar

Mohammed Ben Aarafa

Mohammed V 3° spouse Lalla Bahia

1° spouse Lalla Abla bint Tahar

Lalla Fatima Zahra

Lalla Amina

Hassan II 2° spouse Lalla Latifa Hammou

Lalla Malika

Lalla Nuzha

Lalla Aicha

Abdellah

Lalla Meryem

Lalla Asma

Mohammed VI spouse Lalla Salma

Lalla Hasna

Rachid

Hicham

Ismail

Crown Prince Hassan

See also

• Conflicts between the Regency of Algiers and the Cherifian Dynasties
• List of rulers of Morocco
• History of Morocco
• Order of Ouissam Alaouite
• List of Sunni Muslim dynasties
• Alawites
• Hashemites, Jordan’s ruling family that also claims descent from the Islamic prophet Muhammad
• Dâr-al-Makhzen, Rabat, official residence of the royal family.
• Line of succession to the Moroccan throne
• List of rulers of Morocco

References

Further reading

• Waterbury, John. Commander of the Faithful

External links

• Royal Ark
• Morocco Alaoui dynasty
• The Moroccan Royal Family on Facebook