List of state leaders in the 18th century

State leaders in the 17th century – State leaders in the 19th century – State leaders by year

This is a list of state leaders in the 18th century (1701–1800) AD, such as the heads of state and heads of government.

These polities are generally sovereign states, but excludes minor dependent territories, whose leaders can be found listed under territorial governors in the 18th century. For completeness, these lists can include colonies, protectorates, or other dependent territories that have since gained sovereignty.

Africa

Africa: Central

Angola

  • João II of Lemba, Awenekongo, Lemba claimant (1680–1716)
  • Manuel of Lovata, Awenekongo, Mbamba Lovata claimant (1678–1715)
  • Pedro IV, Awenekongo, Kibangu claimant (1695–1709), Manikongo (1709–1718)
  • Manuel II, Manikongo (1718–1743)
  • Garcia IV, Manikongo (1743–1752)
  • Manuel II, Manikongo (1752–post-1758)
  • Nicolau I, Manikongo (mid-18th century)
  • Afonso IV, Manikongo (mid-18th century)
  • António II, Manikongo (mid-18th century)
  • Sebastião I, Manikongo (?–1763)
  • Pedro V, Manikongo (1763–1764)
  • Álvaro XI, Manikongo (1764–1778)
  • José I, Manikongo (1778–1785)
  • Afonso V, Manikongo (1785–1787)
  • Álvaro XII, Manikongo (1787–?)
  • Alexio I, Manikongo (?–1793)
  • Joaquim I, Manikongo (1793–1794)
  • Henrique II, Manikongo (1794–1803)
  • Verónica I, Queen (1681–1721)
  • Afonso I, King (1721–1741)
  • Ana II, Queen (1741–1756)
  • Verónica II, Queen (1756–1758)
  • Ana III, Queen (1758–?)
  • Francisco II, King (late 18th century)
Colony, 1575–1951
For details see the Kingdom of Portugal under Southwest Europe

Cameroon

  • Koutou, Mfon (1672–1757)
  • Mbouombouo, Mfon (1757–1814)

Central African Republic

Chad

  • ‘Abdul Qadir I, Mbangi (1680–1707)
  • Bar, Mbangi (1707–1722)
  • Wanja, Mbangi (1722–1736)
  • Burkomanda II Tad Lele, Mbangi (1736–1741)
  • Loel, Mbangi (1741–1751)
  • Hajji Mohammed al'Amin, Mbangi (1751–1785)
  • ‘Abd ar-Rahman Gawrang, Mbangi (1785–1806)
  • Muhammad Salih Derret ibn Jawda, Kolak (1795–1803)

Congo: Belgian

  • KotomBoke, Nyim (17th or 18th century)
  • Golo Shanga, Nyim (18th century)
  • Misha Mishanga Shanga, Nyim (18th century)
  • Bokare Che, Nyim (18th century)
  • Bushabun Che, Nyim (18th century)
  • Koto Che, Nyim (18th century)
  • Misha Pelenge Che, Nyim (18th century)
  • Bope Pelenge, Nyim (18th century)
  • Kata Mbula, Nyim (1776–1810)
  • Mbala I Yaav, Mwaant Yaav (c.1690–c.1720)
  • Mukaz Munying Kabalond, Mwaant Yaav (c.1720)
  • Muteba I Kat Kateng, Mwaant Yaav (c.1720–c.1750)
  • Mukaz Waranankong, Mwaant Yaav (c.1750–c.1767)
  • Nawej Mufa Muchimbunj, Mwaant Yaav (c.1767–c.1775)
  • Cikombe Yaava, Mwaant Yaav (c.1775–c.1800)

Congo: French

  • N'Gangue M'voumbe Nombo, King (?–1766)
  • N'Gangue M'voumbe Makosso, King (1773–1787)

Equatorial Guinea

Colony, 1778–1968
For details see Spain in southwest Europe

Gabon

  • Reto Ndongo, Founder (c.1700–?)
  • Ndébulia Mburu, Agamwinboni (c.1730–?)
  • Rénjangué Ndongo, Agamwinboni (?–1750)
  • Rénkondjé, Agamwinboni (c.1750)
  • Ngwèrangu'Iwono, Agamwinboni (c.1750–1790)
  • Ndombe, Agamwinboni (1790)
  • Rénwombi "Mpolo", Agamwinboni (1790–1810)

São Tomé and Príncipe

Colony, 1470–1951
For details see the Kingdom of Portugal under Southwest Europe

Africa: East

Great Lakes area

Burundi
Kenya
  • ‘Ali ibn Uthman al-Mazru‘i, Sultan (1746–1755)
  • Masud ibn Naisr al-Mazru‘i, Sultan (1755–1773)
  • Abdallah ibn Muhammad al-Mazru‘i, Sultan (1773–1782)
  • Ahmad ibn Muhammad al-Mazru‘i, Sultan (1782–1811)
Rwanda
Tanzania
Uganda
  • Macwa, Omugabe (c.1727–c.1755)
  • Rwabirere, Omugabe (c.1755–1783)
  • Kahaya I, Omugabe (1783–?)
  • Kyebambe II, Omukama
  • Olimi III, Omukama (c.1710–1731)
  • Duhaga, Omukama (1731–c.1782)
  • Olimi IV, Omukama (c.1782–1786)
  • Nyamutukura Kyebambe III, Omukama (1786–1835)

Horn of Africa area

Djibouti
Eritrea
Ethiopia
Solomonic dynasty
Zemene Mesafint
  • Kadhafo, Sultan (1734–1749)
  • Kadhafo Mahammad ibn Kadhafo, Sultan (1749–1779)
  • Aydahis ibn Kadhafo Mahammad, Sultan (1779–1801)
  • Leliso, Tato (1690–1720)
  • Wako, Tato (1720–1740)
  • Malko, Tato (1740–1760)
  • Gabito, Tato (1760–1780)
  • Chaso, usurper Tato, (1780–1790)
  • Dukamo, Tato (1790–1845)
  • Mijyu, Moti (?–c.1820)
  • Abba Manno, Moti (c.1820–c.1840)
  • Adam, Moti, Founder (late 18th century)
  • Oncho, Moti (c.1795)
  • Abba Faro, Moti (late 18th century)
  • Abba Magal, Moti (c.1800)
  • Gali Ginocho or Tan Ginok, King (1675–1710)
  • Gaki Gaocho or Otti Sheroch, King (1710–1742)
  • Gali Gaocho or Kanechoch, King (1742–1775)
  • Shagi Sherocho or Gali Keffoch, King (1775–1795)
  • Beshi Ginocho or Kaye Sheroch, King (1795–1798)
  • Hoti Gaocho or Beshi Sheroch, King (1798–1821)
  • Shisafocho, Hinnare-tato (early 18th century)
  • Sacho Nechocho, Hinnare-tato (c.1750)
  • Tekle Sachi, Hinnare-tato (late 18th century)
  • Kote, Kawa (18th century)
  • Libana, Kawa (18th century)
  • Tube, Kawo (?–1761)
  • Ogatto, Kawo (1761–1800)
  • Amado, Kawo (1800–1835)
Somalia
  • Garaad Naleye, King (1675–1705)
  • Garaad Mohamed, King (1705–1750)
  • Garaad Ali, King (1750–1789)
  • Garaad Mohamud Ali, King (1789–1830)

Indian Ocean

Comoros
  • Alimah III, Sultan/female ruler (c.1676–c.1711)
  • Salim of Johanna, Sultan (c.1711–c.1741)
  • Saidi Ahamd, Sultan (c.1741–c.1782)
  • Abdallah I (Alimiah), de facto ruler (c.1782–c.1788)
  • Halimah IV, Sultan (c.1788–c.1792)
  • Abdallah I (Alimiah), de facto ruler (c.1792–c.1796)
  • Alawi bin Husain, Sultan (1796–1816)
Madagascar
Mauritius
French colony, 1715–1810
For details see France under western Europe
Seychelles

Africa: Northcentral

Libya

  • Ahmed I, Pasha (1711–1745)
  • Mehmed, Pasha (1745–1754)
  • Ali I, Pasha (1754–1793)
  • Ali Burghul, Pasha (1793–1795)
  • Ahmed II, Pasha (1795)
  • Yusuf Karamanli, Pasha (1795–1832)

Tunisia

Africa: Northeast

Egypt

Sudan

  • Ahmad Bukr, Sultan (early 18th century–c.1730)
  • Muhammad Dawra, Sultan (c.1730–?)
  • Umar Lel, Sultan (?–c.1752/3)
  • Abu'l Qasim, Sultan (c.1752/3–?)
  • Muhammad Tayrab, Sultan (?–1785/6)
  • Abd al-Rahman, Sultan (1785/6–c.1801)
  • Badi III, Sultan (1692–1716)[8][9]
  • Unsa III, Sultan (1719–1720)
  • Nul, Sultan (1720–1724)
  • Badi IV, Sultan (1724–1762)
  • Nasir, Sultan (1762–1769)[10][11]
  • Isma'il, Sultan (1768–1776)
  • Adlan II, Sultan (1776–1789)
  • Awkal, Sultan (1787–1788)
  • Tayyib II, Sultan (1788–1790)
  • Badi V, Sultan (1790)
  • Nawwar, Sultan (1790–1791)
  • Badi VI, Sultan (1791–1798)
  • Ranfi, Sultan (1798–1804)
  • Muhammad Abu Likayik, Regent (1762/69–1775/6)[12]
  • Badi walad Rajab, Regent (1775/6–1780)
  • Rajab, Regent (1780–1786/7)
  • Nasir, Regent (1786/7–1798)
  • Idris wad Abu Likayik, Regent (1798–1804)

Africa: Northwest

Algeria

Vassal state, 1671–1830
  • Hadji Mustapha, Dey (1700–1710)
  • Deli Ibrahim, Dey (1710)
  • Ali Chauch, Dey (1710–1718), Pasha, (1718)
  • Muhammad III ben Hassan, Pasha-Dey (1718–1724)
  • Abdy Pasha, Pasha-Dey (1724–1732)
  • Ibrahim ben Ramdan, Pasha-Dey (1732–1745)
  • Kutchuk Ibrahim, Pasha-Dey (1745–1748)
  • Muhammed IV, Pasha-Dey (1748–1754)
  • Baba Ali II, Pasha-Dey (1754–1766)
  • Muhammad V ben Othman, Pasha-Dey (1766–1791)
  • Baba Hassan, Pasha-Dey (1791–1799)

Morocco

  • Ismail Ibn Sharif, Sultan (1672–1727)
  • Abu'l Abbas Ahmad, Sultan (1727–1728, 1728–1729)
  • Abdalmalik, Sultan (1728)
  • Ali, Sultan (1734–1736)
  • Mohammed II, Sultan (1736–1738)
  • Zin al-Abidin, Sultan (1741)
  • Al-Mostadi, Sultan (1738–1740, 1742–1743, 1747–1748)
  • Abdallah, Sultan (1729–1734, 1736–1736, 1740–1741, 1741–1742, 1743–1747, 1748–1757)
  • Mohammed III, Sultan (1757–1790)
  • Yazid, Sultan (1790–1792)
  • Slimane, Sultan (1792–1822)

Africa: South

Botswana

Lesotho

Malawi

Mozambique

Colony, 1498–1972
For details see the Kingdom of Portugal under Southwest Europe

Namibia

  • Shimwemwe, ruler (1785–1805)

South Africa

(1700s–1897)
British occupation, 1795–1803
British colony, 1795–1910
For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe

Swaziland

Zambia

  • Lukwesa Ilunga, Mwata (1760–1805)

Zimbabwe

Africa: West

Benin

  • Ore-Oghene, Oba (1689–1701)[13]
  • Ewuakpe, Oba (1701–1712)
  • Ozuere, Oba (1712–1713)
  • Akenzua I, Oba (1713–1740)
  • Eresoyen, Oba (1740–1750)
  • Akengbuda, Oba (1750–1804)
  • Ajibolu, Oba (1795–1816)
Vassal of the Oyo Empire, 1740–1823

Burkina Faso

  • Famaghan Wattara, ruler (1714–1729)
  • Famaghan dan Tyeba, ruler (1729–1742)
  • Kere Massa Wattara, ruler (1742–1749)
  • Magan Wule Wattara, ruler (1749–1809)
  • Brahima bi Saydu, Ja-oro (1758–1810)
  • Lissoangui, Nunbado (1684–1709)
  • Yendabri, Nunbado (1709–c.1736)
  • Yembrima, Nunbado (1736–1791)
  • Baahamma, Nunbado (1791–1822)
  • Naaba Dulugu, Moogo-naaba (1783–1802)
  • Naaba Yadega, Yatenga naaba (c.18th century)
  • Naaba Yolomfaogoma, Yatenga naaba (c.18th century)
  • Naaba Kourita, Yatenga naaba (18th century)
  • Naaba Geda, Yatenga naaba (18th century)
  • Naaba Wobgho I, Yatenga naaba (18th century)
  • Naaba Kango, Yatenga naaba (1754–1787)
  • Rima Naaba Saaga, Yatenga naaba (1787–1803)

Cape Verde

Colony, 1462–1951
For details see the Kingdom of Portugal under Southwest Europe

Gambia

Ghana

  • Osei Kofi Tutu I, Asantehene (c.1675/80–1717)
  • Amaniampon, Regent (1717–1720)
  • Opoku Ware I, Asantehene (1720–1750)
  • Kusi Oboadum, Asantehene (1750–1764)
  • Safo Kantanka, Regent (1764)
  • Osei Kwadwo Okoawia, Asantehene (1764–1777)
  • Atakora Kwame, Regent (1777)
  • Osei Kwame Panyin, Asantehene (1777–1803)

Guinea

Guinea-Bissau

Colony, 1474–1951
For details see the Kingdom of Portugal under Southwest Europe

Ivory Coast

  • Biri Kofi Panyin, Gyaamanhene (?–1720)
  • Abo Kofi, Gyaamanhene (1720–1746)
  • Kofi Sono, Gyaamanhene (1746–1760)
  • Agyeman, Gyaamanhene (1760–1790)
  • Biri Kofi Kadyo, Gyaamanhene (1790–1810)
  • Seku Wattara, leader (1710–1735)

Liberia

Mali

Mauritania

Niger

  • Mallam, Sultan (1731–1746)
  • Baba dan Mallam, Sultan (1746–1757)
  • Tanimoun Babani, Sultan (1757–1775)
  • Assafa dan Tanimoun, Sultan (1775–1782)
  • Abaza dan Tanimoun, Sultan (1782–1787)
  • Mallam Babou Saba, Sultan (1787–1790)
  • Daouda dan Tanimoun, Sultan (1790–1799)
  • Ahmadou dan Tanimoun, Sultan (1799–1812)
  • El Hadjj Hanga, Askiya (?–1761)[14]
  • Samsou-Béri, Askiya (1761–1779)
  • Hargani, Askiya (1779–1793)
  • Samsou Keïna, Askiya (1793–1798)
  • Fodi Maÿroumfa, Askiya (1798–1805)

Nigeria

  • Ekpenyong Offiong Okoho, King (1786–1805)
  • Dunama VII, Mai (1696–1715)
  • Hamdan, Mai (1715–1729)
  • Muhammad VII of Bornu, Mai (1729–1744)
  • Dunama VIII Gana, Mai (1744–1447)
  • Ali III, Mai (1747–1792)
  • Ahmad, Mai (1792–1808)
  • Ayibi, Alaafin (17th century or 18th century)
  • Osiyago, Alaafin (early 18th century)
  • Ojigi, Alaafin (c.1728–1730)
  • Gberu, Alaafin (c.1730–1746)
  • Amuniwaiye, Alaafin (1746)
  • Onisile, Alaafin (1746–1754)
  • Labisi, Alaafin (1754)
  • Awonbioju, Alaafin (1754)
  • Agboluaje, Alaafin (1754)
  • Majeogbe, Alaafin (1754–1770)
  • Abiodun, Alaafin (c.1770–1789)
  • Awole Arogangan, Alaafin (1789–1796)
  • Adebo, Alaafin (1796–1888)
  • Dadi, Sultan (1670–1703)
  • Muhammad Sharif, Sultan (1703–1731)
  • Kumbari, Sultan (1731–1743)
  • al-Hajj Kabe, Sultan (1743–1753)
  • Yaji II, Sultan (1753–1768)
  • Baba Zaki, Sultan (1768–1776)
  • Daud Abasama II, Sultan (1776–1781)
  • Muhammad al-Walid, Sultan (1781–1805)
  • Ezimilo, Eze Nri (1701–1723)
  • Èwenétem, Eze Nri (1724–1794)
  • Ènweleána I, Eze Nri (1795–1886)
  • Muhammadu Dan Ayi dan Ahmadu Jerabana Albishir, Emir (1799–1829)

Senegal

  • Bakar Penda, Buur-ba (1670–1711)
  • Bakan-Tam Gan, Buur-ba (1711–1721)
  • al-Buri Dyakher, Buur-ba (1721–1740)
  • Birayamb, Buur-ba (1740–1748)
  • Birawa Keme, Buur-ba (1748–1750)
  • Lat-Kodu, Buur-ba (1750–1755)
  • Bakaa-Tam Buri-Nyabu, Buur-ba (1755–1763)
  • Mba Kompass, Buur-ba (1763–1800)
  • Mba Buri-Nyabu, Buur-ba (1800–1818)
  • Lat Sukabe, Damel (1697–1719)
  • Isa-Tende, Damel (1719–1748)
  • Isa Bige, Damel (1748–1749)
  • Ma-Bathio Samb, Damel (1749–1757)
  • Birima Kodu, Damel (1757–1758)
  • Isa Bige, Damel (1758–1759)
  • Birima Yamb, Damel (1759–1760)
  • Isa Bige Nagone, Damel (1760–1763)
  • Jor Yasin Isa, Damel (1763–1766)
  • Kodu Kumba, Damel (1766–1777)
  • Birima Fatim-Penda, Damel (1777–1790)
  • Amari Ngone Ndèla Kumba Fal, Damel (1790–1809)
  • Abdelkedir, Almaami (1776–1804)

Sierra Leone

  • Naimbanna I, Bai (1680–1720)
  • Naimbanna II, Bai (1720–1793)
  • Farima IV, Bai (1793–1807)

Togo

Americas

Americas: North

Asia

Asia: Central

Kazakhstan

  • Tauke, Khan (1680–1718)
  • Abul Khair, Khan (1718–1748)
  • Nuraly, Khan (1748–1786)
  • Eraly, Khan (1791–1794)
  • Esim, Khan (1795–1797)
  • Aishuaq, Khan (1797–1805)
  • Sameke, Khan (1719–1734)
  • Abilmambet, Khan (1734–1771)
  • Ablai, Khan (1771–1781)
  • Uali, Khan (1781–1819)

Tajikistan

Tibet

Manchu overlordship, 1720-1912
For details see the Qing dynasty under Eastern Asia

Uzbekistan

  • Subhan Quli, Khan (1680–1702)[17][18][19]
  • Ubaidullah, Khan (1702–1711)
  • Abu'l-Faiz, Khan (1711–1747)
  • Muhammad Abd al-Mumin, Khan (1747-1748
  • Muhammad Ubaidullah II, Khan (1748-1753, nominal)
  • Muhammad Rahim (usurper), atalik (1753-1756), Khan (1756-1758)
  • Shir Ghazi, Khan (1758-?)
  • [Abu'l Ghazi, Khan (1758–1785)
  • Shah Murad bin Daniyal Bey, Amir (1785–1800)
  • Shahrukh Bey, Khan (c.1709–1721)
  • Abdul Rahim Bey, Khan (c.1721–1733)
  • Abdul Kahrim Bey, Khan (c.1733–1750)
  • Abdurakhman-Batir, Khan (c.1750)
  • Irdana, Khan (c.1750–1752)
  • Bobobek, Khan (c.1752–1753)
  • Irdana, Khan (c.1753–1764)
  • Suleiman Bey, Khan (c.1764)
  • Shahruhk III, Khan (c.1764)
  • Narbuta Bey, Khan (c.1764–1801)
  • Ishaq Agha Shah Niyaz, Khan (1698–1701)
  • Awrang II, Khan (1701–1702)
  • rShakhbakht Khan, Khan (1702-03)
  • Sayyid Ali Khan, Khan (1703)
  • Musa, Khan (1702–1712)
  • Yadigar I, Khan (1712–1713)
  • Awrang III, Khan (c.1713–c.1714)
  • Haji Muhammad II, Khan (c.1714)
  • Shir Ghazi, Khan (1714–1727)
  • Sarigh Ayghir, Khan (1727)
  • Bahadur, Khan (1727–1728)
  • Ilbars II, Khan (1728–1740)
  • Tahir, Khan (1740–1742)
  • Nurali I, Khan (1742)
  • Abu Muhammad, Khan (1742)
  • Abu al-Ghazi II Muhammad, Khan (1742–1747)
  • Ghaib, Khan (Kaip Khan), Khan (1747–1758)
  • Abdullah Qara Beg, Khan (1758)
  • Timur Ghazi, Khan (1758–1764)
  • Tawke, Khan (1764–1766)
  • Shah Ghazi, Khan (1766–1768)
  • Abu al-Ghazi III, Khan (1768–1769)
  • Nurali II, Khan (1769)
  • Jahangir, Khan (1769–1770)
  • Bölekey, Khan (1770)
  • Aqim, Khan (1770–1771, c.1772–c.1773)
  • Abd al-Aziz, Khan (c.1771)
  • Artuq Ghazi, Khan (c.1772)
  • Abdullah, Khan (c.1772)
  • Aqim, Khan (1770–1771, c.1772–c.1773)
  • Yadigar II, Khan (c.1773–1775, 1779–1781, 1783–1790)
  • Abu'l Fayz, Khan (1775–1779)
  • Yadigar II, Khan (c.1773–1775, 1779–1781, 1783–1790)
  • Pulad Ghazi, Khan (1781–1783)
  • Yadigar II, Khan (c.1773–1775, 1779–1781, 1783–1790)
  • Abu al-Ghazi IV, Khan (1790–1802)
  • Ayuka, Khan (1672–1723)
  • Tseren Donduk, Khan (1723–1735)
  • Donduk Ombo, Khan (1735–1741)
  • Donduk Dashi, Khan (1741–1761)
  • Ubashi, Khan (1761–1771)
  • Dodbi, Khan (1771–1781)
  • As Saray, Khan (1781)

Asia: East

China: Qing dynasty

Japan

Vassal state of Satsuma Domain, 1609–1872

Korea

Asia: South

Afghanistan

Bengal

  • Ram Singh I, King (1694–1708)
  • Jay Narayan, King (1708–1731)
  • Bar Gosain, King (1731–1770)
  • Chattra Singh, King (1770–1780)
  • Bijay Narayan, King (1780–1790)
  • Ram Singh II, King (1790–1832)
  • Dharma Manikya II, King (1714-1733)
  • Vijay Manikya II, King (1743-1760)
  • Krishna Manikya, King (1760-1761)
  • Rajdhar Manikya, King (1783-1804)

Bhutan

  • Gedun Chomphel, Druk Desis (1695–1701)
  • Ngawang Tshering, Druk Desis (1701–1704)
  • Umze Peljor, Druk Desis (1704–1707)
  • Druk Rabgye, Druk Desis (1707–1719)
  • Ngawang Gyamtsho, Druk Desis (1719–1729)
  • Mipham Wangpo, Druk Desis (1729–1736)
  • Khuwo Peljor, Druk Desis (1736–1739)
  • Ngawang Gyaltshen, Druk Desis (1739–1744)
  • Sherab Wangchuck, Druk Desis (1744–1763)
  • Druk Phuntsho, Druk Desis (1763–1765)
  • Wangzob Druk Tenzin I, Druk Desis (1765–1768)
  • Sonam Lhundub, Druk Desis (1768–1773)
  • Kunga Rinchen, Druk Desis (1773–1776)
  • Jigme Singye, Druk Desis (1776–1788)
  • Druk Tenzin, Druk Desis (1788–1792)
  • Umzey Chapchhab, Druk Desis (1792–1792)
  • Sonam Gyaltshen (Tashi Namgyel), Druk Desis (1792–1799)
  • Druk Namgyel, Druk Desis (1799–1803)

India

Joint-stock colony, 1757–1858
For details see the United Kingdom under British Isles, Europe
See also the list of princely states of British India (alphabetical) for all princely states

Maldives

Isdhoo Dynasty
  • Ali V, Sultan (1701)
  • Hasan X, Sultan (1701)
  • Ibrahim Mudzhiruddine, Sultan (1701–1704)
Dhiyamigili dynasty
  • Muhammad Imaduddin II, Sultan (1704–1720)
  • Ibrahim Iskandar II, Sultan (1720–1750)
  • Muhammad Imaduddin III, Sultan (1750–1757)
  • Amina I, Sultana (1753–1754)
  • Amina II, Sultana (1757–1759)
Huraa Dynasty
Dhiyamigili dynasty
Huraa Dynasty

Nepal

Pakistan

Sri Lanka

Colony, 1656–1796
For details see the Dutch Republic under Western Europe

Asia: Southeast

  • Nassaruddin, Sultan (1690–1710)
  • Hussin Kamaluddin, Sultan (1710–1730, 1737–1740)
  • Muhammad Alauddin, Sultan (1730–1737)
  • Omar Ali Saifuddin I, Sultan (1740–1795)
  • Muhammad Tajuddin, Sultan (1795–1807)

Asia: West

  • Ahmed ibn Muhammad ibn Khalifa, Hakim (1783–1796)
  • Abdullah ibn Ahmad Al Khalifa, Hakim (1796–1843)
  • Sulman ibn Ahmad Al Khalifa, Hakim (1796–1825)

Europe

Europe: Balkans

Bulgaria

Montenegro

Europe: British Isles

Great Britain

Ireland

Europe: Central

  • Leopold I, Holy Roman Emperor Elect (1658–1705)
  • Joseph I, Holy Roman Emperor Elect (1705–1711)
  • Charles VI, Holy Roman Emperor Elect (1711–1740)
  • Charles VII, Holy Roman Emperor Elect (1742–1745)
  • Francis I, Holy Roman Emperor Elect (1745–1765)
  • Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor Elect (1765–1790)
  • Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor Elect (1790–1792)
  • Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor Elect (1792–1806)

Europe: East

  • Peter I, Tsar (1682–1721), Emperor (1721–1725)

Europe: Nordic

Europe: Southcentral

Europe: Southwest

Andorra

  • Julià Cano Thebar, Episcopal Co-Prince (1695–1714)
  • Simeó de Guinda i Apeztegui, Episcopal Co-Prince (1714–1737)
  • Jordi Curado i Torreblanca, Episcopal Co-Prince (1738–1747)
  • Sebastià de Victoria Emparán y Loyola, Episcopal Co-Prince (1747–1756)
  • Francesc Josep Catalán de Ocón, Episcopal Co-Prince (1757–1762)
  • Francesc Fernández de Xátiva y Contreras, Episcopal Co-Prince (1763–1771)
  • Joaquín de Santiyán y Valdivielso, Episcopal Co-Prince (1771–1779)
  • Juan de García y Montenegro, Episcopal Co-Prince (1780–1783)
  • Josep de Boltas, Episcopal Co-Prince (1785–1795)
  • Francesc Antoni de la Dueña y Cisneros, Episcopal Co-Prince (1797–1816)
  • various French Co-Princes (up to 1792)

Portugal

Spain

Europe: West

Eurasia: Caucasus

  • Rostom, Prince (c.1700–1730)
  • Manuchar, Prince (c.1730–1750)
  • Zurab, Prince (c.1750–1780)
  • Keilash Ahmed–Bey, Prince (c.1780–1808)

Oceania

Pitcairn

Wallis and Futuna

  • Manuka, King (1767–1810)
  • Mala'evaoa, King
  • Nimo o le Tano'a, King
  • Veliteki, King (1748–1756)
  • unspecified, King (1756–1784)
  • Fonati, King (1784–c.1839)
  • Tuikamea, King (1784–?)
  • Inosiopogoi, King (late 18th century)
  • Latuka, King (?–1800)
  • Vanae, King (1800–1839)

References

  1. ↑ Joyce (M.A.) & Torday (E.), Notes ethnographiques sur les peuples communément appelés Bakuba, ainsi que sur les peuplades apparentées, les Bushongo. Bruxelles 1910 ;page 17–19
  2. ↑ Werner J. Lange, History of the Southern Gonga (Southwestern Ethiopia) (Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner, 1982), p. 64.
  3. ↑ C.F. Beckingham and G.W.B. Huntingford, Some Records of Ethiopia, 1593–1646 (London: Hakluyt Society, 1954), p. lxxxix
  4. ↑ C.F. Beckingham and G.W.B. Huntingford, Some Records of Ethiopia, 1593–1646 (London: Hakluyt Society, 1954), p. lxxxvif
  5. ↑ C.F. Beckingham and G.W.B. Huntingford, Some Records of Ethiopia, 1593–1646 (London: Hakluyt Society, 1954), p. lvi. Amnon Orent, "Refocusing on the History of Kafa prior to 1897: A Discussion of Political Processes" in African Historical Studies, Vol. 3, No. 2. (1970), p. 268.
  6. ↑ Information about pre-Oromo kings from Werner J. Lange, History of the Southern Gonga (Southwestern Ethiopia), (Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner, 1982), pp. 28–30.
  7. ↑ C.F. Beckingham and G.W.B. Huntingford, Some Records of Ethiopia, 1593–1646 (London: Hakluyt Society, 1954), pp. lxv – lxvii.
  8. ↑ MacMichael, H. A. (1922). "Appendix I: The Chronology of the Fung Kings". A History of the Arabs in the Sudan and Some Account of the People Who Preceded Them and of the Tribes Inhabiting Dárfūr. Volume II. Cambridge University Press. p. 431. OCLC 264942362.
  9. ↑ Holt, Peter Malcolm (1999). "Genealogical Tables and King-Lists". The Sudan of the Three Niles: The Funj Chronicle 910–1288 / 1504–1871. Islamic History and Civilization, 26. Leiden: BRILL. pp. 182–186. ISBN 978-90-04-11256-8.
  10. ↑ MacMichael, H. A. (1922). "Appendix I: The Chronology of the Fung Kings". A History of the Arabs in the Sudan and Some Account of the People Who Preceded Them and of the Tribes Inhabiting Dárfūr. Volume II. Cambridge University Press. p. 431. OCLC 264942362.
  11. ↑ Holt, Peter Malcolm (1999). "Genealogical Tables and King-Lists". The Sudan of the Three Niles: The Funj Chronicle 910–1288 / 1504–1871. Islamic History and Civilization, 26. Leiden: BRILL. pp. 182–186. ISBN 978-90-04-11256-8.
  12. ↑ Hamaj Regents of the Funj Sultanate of Sinnar, accessed 2/1/2017
  13. ↑ Ben-Amos (1995). The Art of Benin Revised Edition. p. 32.
  14. ↑ Tilho 1911, pp. 505-510 Volume 2.
  15. ↑ "Nigeria: Traditional polities". Rulers.Org. Retrieved 2010-09-02.
  16. ↑ Dates calculated on the basis of Lange, Diwan, 80-94.
  17. ↑ László Karoly (14 November 2014). A Turkic Medical Treatise from Islamic Central Asia: A Critical Edition of a Seventeenth-Century Chagatay Work by Subḥān Qulï Khan. BRILL. pp. 5–. ISBN 978-90-04-28498-2.
  18. ↑ Orvostörténeti Közlemények: Communicationes de historia artis medicinae. Könyvtár. 2006. p. 52.
  19. ↑ Nil Sarı; International Society of the History of Medicine (2005). Otuz Sekizinci Uluslararası Tıp Tarihi Kongresi Bildiri Kitabı, 1-6 Eylül 2002. Türk Tarih Kurumu. p. 845.
  20. ↑ Grewal, J.S. (1990). The Sikhs of the Punjab. Cambridge University Press. p. 107. ISBN 0 521 63764 3. Retrieved 15 April 2014.
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