List of sovereign states and dependent territories by continent
This is a list of sovereign states and dependent territories of the world by continent, displayed with their respective national flags, including the following entities:
- By association within the UN system:
- The 193 member states of the United Nations (UN).
- Vatican City (administered by the Holy See, a UN observer state), which is generally recognized as a sovereign state.
- Palestine (A UN observer state).
- By Other States:
- Generally this contains States with limited recognition and associated states not members of the United Nations
- Partially recognised de facto sovereign states without UN membership, such as the Republic of Kosovo and Taiwan
- De facto sovereign states lacking general international recognition
- Cook Islands and Niue, two associated states of New Zealand without UN membership
- By Dependent Territories of other UN member states:
- Generally this contains non-sovereign territories that are recognized by the UN as part of some member state.
- Dependent territories.
- Special territories recognized by international treaty (such as the special administrative regions of China).
- Other territories often regarded as separate geographical territories even though they are integral parts of their mother countries (such as the overseas departments of France).
Following the United Nations geoscheme,[1] this list divides the world using the seven-continent model, with islands grouped into adjacent continents. Variations on this model are noted below and discussed in the article Continent.
Legend
|
Legend "Membership within the UN System" column UN Member states
UN Observer states
Member of a UN Specialized Agency
Observer in a UN Specialized Agency
No membership in the UN System
Dependent Territory of UN member
|
Legend "Sovereignty dispute" column Undisputed sovereignty
Sovereignty disputed
|
Africa
For a table of sovereign states and dependent territories in Africa with geographical data such as area, population, and population density, see Africa: territories and regions.
Geologically, Africa is connected to Eurasia by the Isthmus of Suez and forms part of Afro-Eurasia.
| Common and formal names | Membership within the UN System[lower-alpha 1] | Sovereignty dispute[lower-alpha 2] | Further information on status and recognition of sovereignty[lower-alpha 4] |
|---|---|---|---|
| ↓ UN member states and observer states ↓ | |||
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | Comoros is a federation of 3 islands.[lower-alpha 7] |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
| Côte d'Ivoire → Ivory Coast | |||
| Democratic Republic of the Congo → Congo, Democratic Republic of the | |||
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
| Eswatini → Swaziland | |||
 | UN member state | None | Ethiopia is a federation of nine regions and two chartered cities. |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | Mauritius has an autonomous island, Rodrigues.[lower-alpha 11] |
 | UN member state | None | Morocco claims sovereignty over Western Sahara and controls most of it, which is disputed by the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic. |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | Nigeria is a federation of 36 states and 1 federal territory. |
| Republic of the Congo → Congo, Republic of the | |||
 | UN member state | None | |
| Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic → Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic | |||
 | UN member state | None | São Tomé and Príncipe contains 1 autonomous province, Príncipe.[lower-alpha 11] |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | Somalia has two self-declared autonomous regions: Puntland and Galmudug, while the territory of Somaliland has formed an unrecognised de facto state. |
| Somaliland → Somaliland | |||
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | South Sudan is a federation of 28 states.
|
 | UN member state | None | Sudan is a federation of 18 states. Sudan claims the Abyei Area, which is currently under UN protection and governed by South Sudan.[5][6] |
| Sudan, South → South Sudan | |||
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | Tanzania contains 1 autonomous region, Zanzibar.[lower-alpha 11] |
| The Gambia → Gambia, The | |||
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
| ↑ UN member states and observer states ↑ | |||
| ↓ Other states ↓ | |||
 | No membership | Claimed by Morocco | Recognised at some stage by 84 UN member states, 38 of which have since withdrawn or frozen their recognition. It is a founding member of the African Union and the Asian–African Strategic Partnership formed at the 2005 Asian–African Conference. The territories under its control, the so-called Free Zone, are claimed in whole by Morocco as part of its Southern Provinces. In turn, the Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic claims the part of Western Sahara to the west of the Moroccan Wall controlled by Morocco. Its government resides in exile in Tindouf, Algeria. |
 | No membership | Claimed by Somalia | A de facto independent state,[7][8][9][10][11] not diplomatically recognised by any other state, claimed in whole by the Federal Republic of Somalia.[12] |
| ↑ Other states ↑ | |||
| ↓ Dependent Territories ↓ | |||
 | Norwegian Dependent Territory | None | |
 | British Overseas Territory | Claimed by Mauritius | |
 | French Overseas Territory | None | |
 | Australian External Territory | None | |
 | French Overseas Department and Region | None | |
| French Overseas Department and Region | None | |
 | British Overseas Territory | None | |
| ↑ Dependent Territories ↑ | |||
- Transcontinental countries in Europe and Africa, classified as Southern European countries by the United Nations Statistics Division:
- Transcontinental countries in Asia and Africa, classified as Western Asian countries by the United Nations Statistics Division:
Asia
For a table of sovereign states and dependent territories in Asia with geographical data such as area, population, and population density, see Asia: territories and regions.
Geologically, Asia is part of Eurasia and due to the Isthmus of Suez forms part of Afro-Eurasia.
| Common and formal names | Membership within the UN System[lower-alpha 12] | Sovereignty dispute[lower-alpha 13] | Further information on status and recognition of sovereignty[lower-alpha 14] |
|---|---|---|---|
| ↓ UN member states and observer states ↓ | |||
| Abkhazia → Abkhazia | |||
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | Not recognized by Pakistan.[13][14][15]
See Armenia–Pakistan relations and Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. |
| Artsakh → Artsakh | |||
 | UN member state | None | Azerbaijan contains two autonomous regions, Nakhchivan and Nagorno-Karabakh (Dağlıq Qarabağ).[lower-alpha 11] The Republic of Artsakh, a de facto state, has been established in the latter. |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
| Burma → Myanmar | |||
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | Partially unrecognized. Claimed by the Republic of China | The People's Republic of China (PRC) contains five autonomous regions:[lower-alpha 11]
Additionally, it has sovereignty over the Special Administrative Regions of: China claims, but does not control Taiwan, which is governed by a rival administration (the Republic of China) that claims all of China as its territory.[lower-alpha 16] China is not recognised by 19 UN member states and the Holy See, which, with the exception of Bhutan, recognise Taiwan instead.[lower-alpha 17] China controls part of the territory of Kashmir, which is disputed by India and Pakistan. |
| China, Republic of → Taiwan | |||
 | UN member state | Not recognized by Turkey[16] | Member of the EU.[lower-alpha 3] The northeastern part of the island is the de facto state of Northern Cyprus. See Foreign relations of Cyprus and Cyprus dispute. Turkey refers to the Republic of Cyprus government as "The Greek Cypriot Administration of Southern Cyprus".[17] |
| Democratic People's Republic of Korea → Korea, North | |||
 | UN member state | None | |
| UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | Georgia contains two autonomous republics, Adjara and Abkhazia.[lower-alpha 11] In Abkhazia and South Ossetia, de facto states have been formed. |
 | UN member state | None | India is a federation of 29 states and seven union territories. India claims the entire territory of Kashmir as one of its states, but only exercises control over part of it, while the rest is controlled by the People's Republic of China and Pakistan. |
 | UN member state | None | Indonesia has five provinces with official special autonomy status: Aceh, Jakarta SCR, Yogyakarta SR, Papua, and West Papua.[lower-alpha 11] |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | Iraq is a federation[lower-alpha 7][18] of 19 governorates, five of which make up the autonomous Iraqi Kurdistan.[lower-alpha 11] |
 | UN member state | Partially unrecognized | Israel exerts strong control over the territory claimed by Palestine. Israel annexed East Jerusalem,[19] an annexation not recognised by the international community.[20] Israel maintains varying levels of control over the rest of the West Bank, and although Israel no longer has a permanent civilian or military presence in the Gaza Strip, following its unilateral disengagement, it is still considered by some to be the occupying power under international law.
[21] [22] [23] [24] [25] Israel is not recognised as a state by 32 UN members (including most Arab states) nor by the SADR. |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | Claimed by South Korea | North Korea is not recognised by three UN members: France, Japan and South Korea.[lower-alpha 19] |
 | UN member state | Claimed by North Korea | South Korea has 1 autonomous region:[lower-alpha 11]
South Korea is not recognised by one UN member: North Korea.[lower-alpha 19] |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | Malaysia is a federation of 13 states and three federal territories. |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
| Nagorno-Karabakh → Artsakh | |||
 | UN member state | None | Nepal is a federation composed of 14 zones. |
| Northern Cyprus → Northern Cyprus | |||
| North Korea → Korea, North | |||
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | Pakistan is a federation of four provinces, 1 capital territory, and tribal regions. Pakistan disputes the entire territory of Kashmir with India, and part of it with the People's Republic of China. It exercises control over certain portions of Kashmir, but has not officially annexed any of it,[29][30] instead regarding it as a disputed territory.[31][32] The portions that it controls are divided into two territories, administered separately from Pakistan proper:[lower-alpha 21]
Azad Kashmir describes itself as a "self-governing state under Pakistani control", while Gilgit-Baltistan is described in its governance order as a group of "areas" with self-government.[33][34][35] These territories are not usually regarded as sovereign, as they do not fulfill the criteria set out by the declarative theory of statehood (for example, their current laws do not allow them to engage independently in relations with other states). Several state functions of these territories (such as foreign affairs and defence) are performed by Pakistan.[34][36][37] |
 | UN observer state; member of 1 UN specialized agency | Partially unrecognized. Disputed by Israel | The declared State of Palestine has received diplomatic recognition from 137 states.[38] The proclaimed state has no agreed territorial borders, or effective control on much of the territory that it proclaimed.[39] The Palestinian National Authority is an interim administrative body formed as a result of the Oslo Accords that exercises limited autonomous jurisdiction within the Palestinian territories. In foreign relations, Palestine is represented by the Palestine Liberation Organization.[40] The State of Palestine is a member state of UNESCO,[41] and an observer state in the UN. |
 | UN member state | None | The Philippines contains one autonomous region, Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao.[lower-alpha 11] |
 | UN member state | None | |
| Republic of Korea → Korea, South | |||
 | UN member state | None | Russia is officially a federation of 85 federal subjects (republics, oblasts, krais, autonomous okrugs, federal cities, and an autonomous oblast). Several of the federal subjects are ethnic republics.[lower-alpha 11] Russia also forms the Union State jointly with Belarus. |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
| South Korea → Korea, South | |||
| South Ossetia → South Ossetia | |||
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | The Syrian National Coalition, which is recognized as the legitimate representative of the Syrian people by 20 UN members, has established an interim government to rule rebel controlled territory during the Syrian civil war.
Syria has one self-declared autonomous region: Rojava. |
| Taiwan (Republic of China) → Taiwan | |||
 | UN member state | None | Tajikistan contains 1 autonomous region, Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Province.[lower-alpha 11] |
 | UN member state | None | |
| Timor-Leste → East Timor | |||
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | The United Arab Emirates is a federation of seven emirates. |
 | UN member state | None | Uzbekistan contains 1 autonomous region, Karakalpakstan.[lower-alpha 11] |
 | UN member state | None | |
| UN member state | None | |
| ↑ UN member states and observer states ↑ | |||
| ↓ Other states ↓ | |||
 | No membership | Claimed by Georgia | Recognised by Russia, Nauru, Nicaragua, Venezuela, Artsakh, South Ossetia and Transnistria.[42] Claimed in whole by Georgia as the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia. |
 | No membership | Claimed by Azerbaijan | A de facto independent state,[7][43][44] recognized only by Abkhazia,[45] South Ossetia[45] and Transnistria.[45][46] Claimed in whole by Azerbaijan.[47] |
 | No membership | Claimed by the Republic of Cyprus | Recognised only by Turkey. Under the name "Turkish Cypriot State", it is an observer state of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation and the Economic Cooperation Organization. Northern Cyprus is claimed in whole by the Republic of Cyprus.[48] |
 | No membership | Claimed by Georgia | A de facto independent state,[49] recognised by Russia, Nicaragua, Nauru, Syria, Venezuela, Abkhazia, Artsakh and Transnistria. Claimed in whole by Georgia as the Provisional Administrative Entity of South Ossetia.[50] |
 | Former UN member (as Republic of China, 1945–1971) Observer in one UN specialized agency under the name "Chinese Taipei" | Claimed by the People's Republic of China | A state competing (nominally) for recognition with the People's Republic of China (PRC) as the government of China since 1949. The Republic of China (ROC) controls the island of Taiwan and associated islands, Quemoy, Matsu, the Pratas and parts of the Spratly Islands,[lower-alpha 23] and has not renounced claims over its annexed territories on the mainland.[51] The ROC is recognised by 16 UN member states and the Holy See as of 21 August 2018. All these states do not recognise the PRC either. Additionally, one UN member (Bhutan) has refrained from recognising either the ROC or the PRC.
The territory of the ROC is claimed in whole by the PRC.[lower-alpha 16] The ROC participates in international organizations under a variety of pseudonyms, most commonly "Chinese Taipei" and in the WTO it has full membership. The ROC was a founding member of the UN and enjoyed membership from 1945 to 1971, with veto power in the UN Security Council. See China and the United Nations. |
| ↑ Other states ↑ | |||
| ↓ Dependent Territories ↓ | |||
| British Overseas Territory | None | |
| British Overseas Territory | Claimed by Mauritius | |
 | Australian External Territory | None | |
_Islands.svg.png){kind=small} | Australian External Territory | None | |
 | PRC Special Administrative Region | None | |
 | PRC Special Administrative Region | None | |
| ↑ Dependent Territories ↑ | |||
- Transcontinental countries in Europe and Asia, classified as Eastern European countries by the United Nations Statistics Division:
- Transcontinental countries in Africa and Asia, classified as Northern African countries by the United Nations Statistics Division:
Europe
For a table of sovereign states and dependent territories in Europe with geographical data such as area, population, and population density, see Europe: political geography.
Geologically, Europe is part of Eurasia and due to the Isthmus of Suez forms part of Afro-Eurasia.
| Common and formal names | Membership within the UN System[lower-alpha 24] | Sovereignty dispute[lower-alpha 25] | Further information on status and recognition of sovereignty[lower-alpha 26] |
|---|---|---|---|
| ↓ UN member states and observer states ↓ | |||
| Abkhazia → Abkhazia | |||
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | Andorra is a co-principality in which the office of head of state is jointly held ex officio by the French president and the bishop of the Roman Catholic diocese of Urgell,[52] who himself is appointed by the Holy See. |
| UN member state | None | Not recognized by Pakistan.[53][54][55]
See Armenia–Pakistan relations and Nagorno-Karabakh conflict. |
| Artsakh → Artsakh | |||
 | UN member state | None | Member of the European Union.[lower-alpha 3] Austria is a federation of nine states (Bundesländer). |
| UN member state | None | Azerbaijan contains two autonomous regions, Nakhchivan and Nagorno-Karabakh (Dağlıq Qarabağ).[lower-alpha 11] The Republic of Artsakh, a de facto state, has been established in the latter. |
 | UN member state | None | Belarus forms the Union State jointly with Russia. |
.svg.png){kind=small} | UN member state | None | Member of the EU.[lower-alpha 3] Belgium is a federation divided into linguistic communities and regions. |
 | UN member state | None | Bosnia and Herzegovina is a federation of two constituent units:
and Brčko District, a self-governing administrative unit.[57] |
 | UN member state | None | Member of the EU.[lower-alpha 3] |
 | UN member state | None | Member of the EU.[lower-alpha 3] |
| UN member state | Not recognized by Turkey[58] | Member of the EU.[lower-alpha 3] The northeastern part of the island is the de facto state of Northern Cyprus. See Foreign relations of Cyprus and Cyprus dispute. Turkey refers to the Republic of Cyprus government as "The Greek Cypriot Administration of Southern Cyprus".[17] |
 | UN member state | None | Member of the EU.[lower-alpha 3] |
 | UN member state | None | Member of the EU.[lower-alpha 3] The Kingdom of Denmark includes 2 self-governing territories:
The continental territory of Denmark, the Faroe Islands, and Greenland form the three constituent countries of the Kingdom. The designation "Denmark" can refer either to continental Denmark or to the short name for the entire Kingdom (e.g. in international organizations). The Kingdom of Denmark as a whole is a member of the EU, but EU law does not apply to the Faroe Islands and Greenland.[59][60] Also see Greenland Treaty. |
 | UN member state | None | Member of the EU.[lower-alpha 3] |
 | UN member state | None | Member of the EU.[lower-alpha 3]
|
| UN member state | None | Member of the EU.[lower-alpha 3] France contains five overseas regions/departments: French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, Mayotte, and Réunion. France also includes the overseas territories of: |
| UN member state | None | Georgia contains two autonomous republics, Adjara and Abkhazia.[lower-alpha 11] In Abkhazia and South Ossetia, de facto states have been formed. |
 | UN member state | None | Member of the EU.[lower-alpha 3] Germany is a federation of 16 federated states (Länder). |
 | UN member state | None | Member of the EU.[lower-alpha 3] Mount Athos is an autonomous part of Greece that is jointly governed by the multinational "Holy Community" on the mountain and a civil governor appointed by the Greek government.[61] |
| Holy See → Vatican City | |||
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | Member of the EU.[lower-alpha 3] |
 | UN member state | None | Member of the EU.[lower-alpha 3] Italy has 5 autonomous regions,[lower-alpha 11] with varying levels of autonomy from the central government of Italy, and known officially as "special status regions": |
| UN member state | None | |
| Kosovo → Kosovo | |||
 | UN member state | None | Member of the EU.[lower-alpha 3] |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | Member of the EU.[lower-alpha 3] |
 | UN member state | None | Member of the EU.[lower-alpha 3] |
 | UN member state | None | Because of the Macedonia naming dispute, the country is referred to by the UN and a number of states and international organizations as "the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia".[67] |
 | UN member state | None | Member of the EU.[lower-alpha 3] |
 | UN member state | None | Moldova has the autonomous regions of Gagauzia and Transnistria, the latter of which has established a de facto state. |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
| Nagorno-Karabakh → Artsakh | |||
 | UN member state | None | Member of the EU.[lower-alpha 3] The Kingdom of the Netherlands includes four areas with substantial autonomy:
The continental part of the Netherlands, Aruba, Curaçao, and Sint Maarten form the four constituent countries of the Kingdom. Three other territories (Bonaire, Saba, and Sint Eustatius) are special municipalities of the continental Netherlands. The designation "Netherlands" can refer either to the continental Netherlands or to the short name for the entire Kingdom (e.g. in international organizations). The Kingdom of the Netherlands as a whole is a member of the EU, but EU law applies only to parts within Europe. |
| Northern Cyprus → Northern Cyprus | |||
| UN member state | None |
Norway has the dependent territories of: |
 | UN member state | None | Member of the EU.[lower-alpha 3] |
| UN member state | None | Member of the EU.[lower-alpha 3] Portugal contains two autonomous regions, Azores and Madeira.[lower-alpha 11] |
| Pridnestrovie → Transnistria | |||
 | UN member state | None | Member of the EU.[lower-alpha 3] |
| UN member state | None | Russia is officially a federation of 85 federal subjects (republics, oblasts, krais, autonomous okrugs, federal cities, and an autonomous oblast). Several of the federal subjects are ethnic republics.[lower-alpha 11] Russia also forms the Union State jointly with Belarus. |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | Serbia contains two autonomous regions, Vojvodina and Kosovo and Metohija.[lower-alpha 11] The latter is under the de facto control of the Republic of Kosovo. |
 | UN member state | None | Member of the EU.[lower-alpha 3] |
 | UN member state | None | Member of the EU.[lower-alpha 3] |
| South Ossetia → South Ossetia | |||
| UN member state | None | Member of the EU.[lower-alpha 3] Spain is divided into 17 autonomous communities and 2 special autonomous cities.[lower-alpha 11] |
 | UN member state | None | Member of the EU.[lower-alpha 3] |
 | UN member state | None | Switzerland is a federation of 26 cantons. |
| Transnistria → Transnistria | |||
| UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | Ukraine contains an autonomous republic, Crimea. In 2014 Russia annexed the region along with Sevastopol turning them in one of its federal subjects as Republic of Crimea and city of Sevastopol. |
| UN member state | None | Member of the EU.[lower-alpha 3] The United Kingdom is a Commonwealth realm[lower-alpha 30] consisting of four constituent countries: England, Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales. The United Kingdom has the following overseas territories:
The British monarch has direct sovereignty over three self-governing Crown dependencies: |
 | UN observer state under the designation of "Holy See"; member of three UN specialized agencies and the IAEA | None | Administered by the Holy See, a sovereign entity with diplomatic ties to 183 states – 180 UN member states, one UN observer state (Palestine), the Cook Islands and the Republic of China (Taiwan).[68] The Holy See is a member of the IAEA, ITU, UPU, and WIPO and a permanent observer of the UN (in the category of "Non-member State")[40] and multiple other UN System organizations. The Vatican City is governed by officials appointed by the Pope, who is the Bishop of the Diocese of Rome and ex officio sovereign of Vatican City. |
| ↑ UN member states and observer states ↑ | |||
| ↓ Other states ↓ | |||
| No membership | Claimed by Georgia | Recognised by Russia, Nauru, Nicaragua, Venezuela, Artsakh, South Ossetia and Transnistria.[42] Claimed in whole by Georgia as the Autonomous Republic of Abkhazia. |
| No membership | Claimed by Azerbaijan | A de facto independent state,[7][69][70] recognized only by Abkhazia,[45] South Ossetia[45] and Transnistria.[45][46] Claimed in whole by Azerbaijan.[71] |
 | Member of two UN specialized agencies | Claimed by Serbia | Pursuant to United Nations Security Council Resolution 1244, Kosovo was placed under the administration of the United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo in 1999.[72] Kosovo declared independence in 2008, and it has received diplomatic recognition from 113 UN member states and the Republic of China. Serbia continues to maintain its sovereignty claim over Kosovo. Other UN member states and non UN member states continue to recognise Serbian sovereignty or have taken no position on the question. Kosovo is a member of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank Group. The Republic of Kosovo has de facto control over most of the territory, with limited control in North Kosovo. |
| No membership | Claimed by the Republic of Cyprus | Recognised only by Turkey. Under the name "Turkish Cypriot State", it is an observer state of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation and the Economic Cooperation Organization. Northern Cyprus is claimed in whole by the Republic of Cyprus.[73] |
| No membership | Claimed by Georgia | A de facto independent state,[74] recognised by Russia, Nicaragua, Nauru, Syria, Venezuela, Abkhazia, Artsakh and Transnistria. Claimed in whole by Georgia as the Provisional Administrative Entity of South Ossetia.[50] |
.svg.png){kind=spacer} | No membership | Claimed by Moldova | A de facto independent state,[7] recognised only by Abkhazia, Artsakh and South Ossetia.[42] Claimed in whole by Moldova as the Transnistria autonomous territorial unit.[75] |
| ↑ Other states ↑ | |||
| ↓ Dependent Territories ↓ | |||
| British Overseas Territory | None | |
| Bailiwick of Guernsey → Guernsey, Bailiwick of | |||
| Bailiwick of Jersey → Jersey | |||
 | Danish Constituent Country | None | |
 | British Overseas Territory | None | |
 | Danish Constituent Country | None | |
 | Crown Dependency of the British Crown | None | |
 | Crown Dependency of the British Crown | None | |
| Norwegian Unincorporated Area | None | |
 | Crown Dependency of the British Crown | None | |
| Norwegian Unincorporated Area | None | |
 | Finnish Autonomous Region | None | |
| ↑ Dependent Territories ↑ | |||
.svg.png){kind=small}
- Transcontinental countries in Europe and Asia, classified as West Asian countries by the United Nations Statistics Division:
- Entirely in West Asia, but commonly associated with Europe and a member of the Council of Europe:
North America
For a table of sovereign states and dependent territories in North America with geographical data such as area, population, and population density, see North America: countries and territories.
Geologically, North America is joined with South America by the Isthmus of Panama to form the Americas.
| Common and formal names | Membership within the UN System[lower-alpha 31] | Sovereignty dispute[lower-alpha 32] | Further information on status and recognition of sovereignty[lower-alpha 33] |
|---|---|---|---|
| ↓ UN member states and observer states ↓ | |||
 | UN member state | None | Antigua and Barbuda is a Commonwealth realm[lower-alpha 30] with 1 autonomous region, Barbuda.[lower-alpha 11] |
 | UN member state | None | The Bahamas is a Commonwealth realm.[lower-alpha 30] |
 | UN member state | None | Barbados is a Commonwealth realm.[lower-alpha 30] |
 | UN member state | None | Belize is a Commonwealth realm.[lower-alpha 30] |
 | UN member state | None | Canada is a Commonwealth realm[lower-alpha 30] and a federation of 10 provinces and 3 territories. |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
| UN member state | None | Member of the EU.[lower-alpha 3] The Kingdom of Denmark includes 2 self-governing territories:
The continental territory of Denmark, the Faroe Islands, and Greenland form the three constituent countries of the Kingdom. The designation "Denmark" can refer either to continental Denmark or to the short name for the entire Kingdom (e.g. in international organizations). The Kingdom of Denmark as a whole is a member of the EU, but EU law does not apply to the Faroe Islands and Greenland.[78][79] Also see Greenland Treaty. |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | Grenada is a Commonwealth realm.[lower-alpha 30] |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | Mexico is a federation of 31 states and one autonomous city. |
 | UN member state | None | Nicaragua contains two autonomous regions, Atlántico Sur and Atlántico Norte.[lower-alpha 11] |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | Saint Kitts and Nevis is a Commonwealth realm[lower-alpha 30] and is a federation[lower-alpha 7] of two islands, St. Kitts and Nevis. |
 | UN member state | None | Saint Lucia is a Commonwealth realm.[lower-alpha 30] |
 | UN member state | None | Saint Vincent and the Grenadines is a Commonwealth realm.[lower-alpha 30] |
| The Bahamas → Bahamas, The | |||
 | UN member state | None | Trinidad and Tobago contains 1 autonomous region, Tobago.[lower-alpha 11] |
 | UN member state | None | The United States is a federation of 50 states and 1 federal district with shared sovereignty. The Federal government of the United States has sovereignty over the following inhabited possessions and commonwealths:
It also has sovereignty over several uninhabited territories:
It also has sovereignty over the following incorporated territories: Three sovereign states have become associated states of the United States under the Compact of Free Association:
It also disputes sovereignty over the following territories: |
| ↑ UN member states and observer states ↑ | |||
| ↓ Dependent Territories ↓ | |||
 | British Overseas Territory | None | |
 | Dutch Constituent Country | None | |
 | British Overseas Territory | None | |
 | Dutch Special Municipality | None | |
 | British Overseas Territory | None | |
 | British Overseas Territory | None | |
| French Overseas Minor Territory | None | |
| Commonwealth of Puerto Rico → Puerto Rico | |||
 | Dutch Constituent Country | None | |
| Danish Constituent Country | None | |
| French Overseas Department and Region | None | |
| French Overseas Department and Region | None | |
 | British Overseas Territory | None | |
.svg.png){kind=small} | US Insular Area | None | |
 | US Insular Area | None | |
 | Dutch Special Municipality | None | |
| French Overseas Collectivity | None | |
| French Overseas Collectivity | None | |
| French Overseas Collectivity | None | |
 | Dutch Special Municipality | None | |
 | Dutch Constituent Country | None | |
 | British Overseas Territory | None | |
 | US Insular Area | None | |
| Virgin Islands → British Virgin Islands | |||
| Virgin Islands of the United States → United States Virgin Islands | |||
| ↑ Dependent Territories ↑ | |||
Oceania
For a table of sovereign states and dependent territories in Oceania with geographical data such as area, population, and population density, see Oceania: territories and regions.
| Common and formal names | Membership within the UN System[lower-alpha 35] | Sovereignty dispute[lower-alpha 36] | Further information on status and recognition of sovereignty[lower-alpha 37] |
|---|---|---|---|
| ↓ UN member states and observer states ↓ | |||
| UN member state | None | Australia is a Commonwealth realm[lower-alpha 30] and a federation of six states and 10 territories. The external territories of Australia are: |
| Cook Islands → Cook Islands | |||
 | UN member state | None | Fiji contains 1 autonomous region, Rotuma.[lower-alpha 11][80][81] |
| UN member state | None | Indonesia has five provinces with official special autonomy status: Aceh, Jakarta SCR, Yogyakarta SR, Papua, and West Papua.[lower-alpha 11] |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | Under Compact of Free Association with the United States. |
 | UN member state | None | Under Compact of Free Association with the United States. The Federated States of Micronesia is a federation of four states. |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | New Zealand is a Commonwealth realm,[lower-alpha 30] and has the dependent territories of:
New Zealand has responsibilities for (but no rights of control over) two freely associated states: The Cook Islands and Niue have diplomatic relations with 46 and 18 UN members respectively.[82][83][84] They have full treaty-making capacity in the UN,[85] and are members of some UN specialized agencies. |
| Niue → Niue | |||
 | UN member state | None | Under Compact of Free Association with the United States. |
 | UN member state | None | Papua New Guinea is a Commonwealth realm[lower-alpha 30] with 1 autonomous region, Bougainville.[lower-alpha 11] |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | The Solomon Islands is a Commonwealth realm.[lower-alpha 30] |
 | UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | Tuvalu is a Commonwealth realm.[lower-alpha 30] |
 | UN member state | None | |
| ↑ UN member states and observer states ↑ | |||
| ↓ Other states ↓ | |||
 | Member of eight UN specialized agencies | None (See political status) | A state in free association with New Zealand, the Cook Islands maintains diplomatic relations with 49 states. The Cook Islands is a member of multiple UN agencies with full treaty making capacity.[85] It shares a head of state with New Zealand as well as having shared citizenship. |
 | Member of five UN specialized agencies | None (See political status) | A state in free association with New Zealand, Niue maintains diplomatic relations with 20 states. Niue is a member of multiple UN agencies with full treaty making capacity.[85] It shares a head of state with New Zealand as well as having shared citizenship. |
| ↑ Other states ↑ | |||
| ↓ Dependent Territories ↓ | |||
 | US Insular Area | None | |
| Australian External Territory | None | |
| US Insular Area | None | |
| Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands → Northern Mariana Islands | |||
| Australian External Territory | None | |
 | Chilean Dependent Territory | None | |
 | French Overseas Collectivity | None | |
 | US Insular Area | None | |
| Australian External Territory | None | |
| US Insular Area | None | |
| US Insular Area | None | |
| US Insular Area | None | |
| US Insular Area | None | |
| US Insular Area | None | |
 | French Sui Generis Collectivity | None | |
 | Australian External Territory | None | |
 | US Insular Area | None | |
| US Insular Area | None | |
 | British Overseas Territory | None | |
 | Dependent Territory of New Zealand | None | |
| US Insular Area | None | |
| French Overseas Collectivity | None | |
| ↑ Dependent Territories ↑ | |||
South America
For a table of sovereign states and dependent territories in South America with geographical data such as area, population, and population density, see South America: demographics.
Geologically, South America is joined with North America by the Isthmus of Panama to form the Americas.
| Common and formal names | Membership within the UN System[lower-alpha 38] | Sovereignty dispute[lower-alpha 39] | Further information on status and recognition of sovereignty[lower-alpha 40] |
|---|---|---|---|
| ↓ UN member states and observer states ↓ | |||
 | UN member state | None | Member of the UNASUL.[lower-alpha 42] Argentina is a federation of 23 provinces and 1 autonomous city. |
 | UN member state | None | Member of the UNASUL.[lower-alpha 42] |
 | UN member state | None | Member of UNASUL.[lower-alpha 42] Brazil is a federation of 26 states and 1 federal district. |
 | UN member state | None | Member of the UNASUL.[lower-alpha 42] Chile has two "special territories" in the Valparaíso Region: Easter Island and Juan Fernández Islands |
 | UN member state | None | Member of the UNASUL.[lower-alpha 42] |
 | UN member state | None | Member of the UNASUL.[lower-alpha 42] |
 | UN member state | None | Member of the UNASUL.[lower-alpha 42] |
| UN member state | None | |
 | UN member state | None | Member of the UNASUL.[lower-alpha 42] |
.svg.png){kind=small} | UN member state | None | Member of the UNASUL.[lower-alpha 42] |
 | UN member state | None | Member of the UNASUL.[lower-alpha 42] |
 | UN member state | None | Member of the UNASUL.[lower-alpha 42] |
 | UN member state | None | Member of the UNASUL.[lower-alpha 42] Venezuela is a federation of 23 states, 1 capital district, and federal dependencies. |
| ↑ UN member states and observer states ↑ | |||
| ↓ Dependent Territories ↓ | |||
| Norwegian Dependent Territory | None | |
 | British Overseas Territory | None | |
| French Overseas Department and Region | None | |
 | British Overseas Territory | None | |
| ↑ Dependent Territories ↑ | |||
Antarctica
Antarctica is regulated by the Antarctic Treaty System, which defines it as all land and ice shelves south of 60°S, and has no government and belongs to no country. However, the following territorial claims in Antarctica have been made:
- Argentina: Argentine Antarctica
- Australia: Australian Antarctic Territory
- Brazil: Brazilian Antarctica (unofficial)
- Chile: Antártica
- France: Adélie Land (part of the French Southern and Antarctic Lands)
- New Zealand: Ross Dependency
- Norway: Peter I Island and Queen Maud Land
- United Kingdom: British Antarctic Territory
- (Unclaimed: Marie Byrd Land)
The United States and Russia have reserved the right to claim territory on Antarctica.
Moreover, the following dependent territories are situated in the wider Antarctic Region:
Notes
- ↑ This column indicates whether or not a state is a member of the United Nations.[2] It also indicates which non-member states participate in the United Nations System through membership in the International Atomic Energy Agency or one of the specialized agencies of the United Nations. All United Nations members belong to at least one specialized agency and are parties to the statute of the International Court of Justice.
- ↑ This column indicates whether or not a state is the subject of a major sovereignty dispute. Only states whose entire sovereignty is disputed by another state are listed.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 The member states of the European Union have transferred part of their sovereignty in the form of legislative, executive, and judicial powers to the institutions of the EU, which is an example of supranational union. The EU has 28 member states.[56]
- ↑ Information is included on:
- The extent to which a state's sovereignty is recognised internationally. More information can be found at List of states with limited recognition,
- Membership in the European Union,[lower-alpha 3] where applicable,
- Any dependencies, if applicable, which are generally not part of the territory of the sovereign state,
- federal structure of the state, where applicable. More information can be found at Federated state,
- Any autonomous areas inside the territory of the sovereign state,
- Any situations where one person is the Head of State of more than one state,
- Any governments in exile recognised by at least one state.
- ↑ Formerly referred to as Dahomey, its official name until 1975.
- ↑ Also known as Burkina; formerly referred to as Upper Volta, its official name until 1984.
- 1 2 3 More information on more or less federal structures can be found at a List of federations.[3]
- ↑ Also known as Congo-Kinshasa. Formerly referred to as Zaire, its official name from 1971 to 1997.
- ↑ Also known as Congo-Brazzaville.
- ↑ Also known as Guinea-Conakry.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 For more information on divisions with a high degree of autonomy, see the List of autonomous areas by country.[76]
- ↑ This column indicates whether or not a state is a member of the United Nations.[2] It also indicates which non-member states participate in the United Nations System through membership in the International Atomic Energy Agency or one of the specialized agencies of the United Nations. All United Nations members belong to at least one specialized agency and are parties to the statute of the International Court of Justice.
- ↑ This column indicates whether or not a state is the subject of a major sovereignty dispute. Only states whose entire sovereignty is disputed by another state are listed.
- ↑ Information is included on:
- The extent to which a state's sovereignty is recognised internationally. More information can be found at List of states with limited recognition,
- Membership in the European Union,[lower-alpha 3] where applicable,
- Any dependencies, if applicable, which are generally not part of the territory of the sovereign state,
- federal structure of the state, where applicable. More information can be found at Federated state,
- Any autonomous areas inside the territory of the sovereign state,
- Any situations where one person is the Head of State of more than one state,
- Any governments in exile recognised by at least one state.
- 1 2 The People's Republic of China (PRC) is commonly referred to as "China", while the Republic of China (ROC) is commonly referred to as "Taiwan". The ROC is also occasionally known diplomatically as Chinese Taipei, along with other names.
- 1 2 In 1949, the Republic of China government led by the Kuomintang (KMT) lost the Chinese Civil War to the Communist Party of China (CPC) and set up a provisional capital in Taipei. The CPC established the PRC. As such, the political status of the ROC and legal status of Taiwan (alongside the territories under ROC jurisdiction) are in dispute. In 1971, the United Nations gave the China seat to the PRC and the ROC withdrew from the UN. Most states recognise the PRC to be the sole legitimate representative of all China, and the UN classifies Taiwan as "Taiwan, Province of China". The ROC has de facto relations with most sovereign states. A significant political movement within Taiwan advocates Taiwan independence.
- ↑ See also Dates of establishment of diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China and Foreign relations of China.
- ↑ The government of East Timor uses "Timor-Leste" as the English translation.
- 1 2 Both North Korea and South Korea claim to be the sole legitimate government of Korea. See also Foreign relations of North Korea and Foreign relations of South Korea.[26]
- ↑ The government changed the state's official name in English from "Union of Myanmar" to "Republic of the Union of Myanmar" in October 2010.[28]
- ↑ Sovereignty over Kashmir is disputed between India and Pakistan; smaller parts are disputed by the People's Republic of China and the Republic of China. Kashmir is divided between India, Pakistan and the PRC. See the List of territorial disputes.
- ↑ Formerly known as Ceylon until 1972.
- ↑ The sovereignty over the Spratly Islands is disputed by China, Taiwan, Vietnam, and in part by Brunei, Malaysia, and the Philippines. Except for Brunei, each of these countries occupies part of the islands (see List of territorial disputes).
- ↑ This column indicates whether or not a state is a member of the United Nations.[2] It also indicates which non-member states participate in the United Nations System through membership in the International Atomic Energy Agency or one of the specialized agencies of the United Nations. All United Nations members belong to at least one specialized agency and are parties to the statute of the International Court of Justice.
- ↑ This column indicates whether or not a state is the subject of a major sovereignty dispute. Only states whose entire sovereignty is disputed by another state are listed.
- ↑ Information is included on:
- The extent to which a state's sovereignty is recognised internationally. More information can be found at List of states with limited recognition,
- Membership in the European Union,[lower-alpha 3] where applicable,
- Any dependencies, if applicable, which are generally not part of the territory of the sovereign state,
- federal structure of the state, where applicable. More information can be found at Federated state,
- Any autonomous areas inside the territory of the sovereign state,
- Any situations where one person is the Head of State of more than one state,
- Any governments in exile recognised by at least one state.
- ↑ A simpler official short name has been encouraged by the Czech government, "Czechia". By 2017, this variant remains uncommon. Nevertheless, this term has been adopted by several companies and organisations, including Google Maps, instead of the term "Czech Republic". See Name of the Czech Republic
- ↑ Åland was demilitarised by the Treaty of Paris in 1856, which was later affirmed by the League of Nations in 1921, and in a somewhat different context reaffirmed in the treaty on Finland's admission to the European Union in 1995.
- ↑ While sometimes referred to as the "Republic of Iceland"[62][63] and sometimes its counterpart Lýðveldið Ísland in Icelandic, the official name of the country is simply Iceland.[64] One example of the former is the name of the Constitution of Iceland, which in Icelandic is Stjórnarskrá lýðveldisins Íslands and literally means "the Constitution of the republic of Iceland", but note that "republic" is not capitalized. The official title of the President of Iceland (Forseti Íslands) does also not include the word republic as in some other republics. See Names for Iceland.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Commonwealth realms are members of the Commonwealth of Nations in which the head of state is Queen Elizabeth II. The realms are sovereign states; see Relationship of the realms.
- ↑ This column indicates whether or not a state is a member of the United Nations.[2] It also indicates which non-member states participate in the United Nations System through membership in the International Atomic Energy Agency or one of the specialized agencies of the United Nations. All United Nations members belong to at least one specialized agency and are parties to the statute of the International Court of Justice.
- ↑ This column indicates whether or not a state is the subject of a major sovereignty dispute. Only states whose entire sovereignty is disputed by another state are listed.
- ↑ Information is included on:
- The extent to which a state's sovereignty is recognised internationally. More information can be found at List of states with limited recognition,
- Membership in the European Union,[lower-alpha 3] where applicable,
- Any dependencies, if applicable, which are generally not part of the territory of the sovereign state,
- federal structure of the state, where applicable. More information can be found at Federated state,
- Any autonomous areas inside the territory of the sovereign state,
- Any situations where one person is the Head of State of more than one state,
- Any governments in exile recognised by at least one state.
- ↑ The legal name for Canada is the sole word; an officially sanctioned, though disused, name is Dominion of Canada (which includes its legal title); see: Name of Canada, Dominion.
- ↑ This column indicates whether or not a state is a member of the United Nations.[2] It also indicates which non-member states participate in the United Nations System through membership in the International Atomic Energy Agency or one of the specialized agencies of the United Nations. All United Nations members belong to at least one specialized agency and are parties to the statute of the International Court of Justice.
- ↑ This column indicates whether or not a state is the subject of a major sovereignty dispute. Only states whose entire sovereignty is disputed by another state are listed.
- ↑ Information is included on:
- The extent to which a state's sovereignty is recognised internationally. More information can be found at List of states with limited recognition,
- Membership in the European Union,[lower-alpha 3] where applicable,
- Any dependencies, if applicable, which are generally not part of the territory of the sovereign state,
- federal structure of the state, where applicable. More information can be found at Federated state,
- Any autonomous areas inside the territory of the sovereign state,
- Any situations where one person is the Head of State of more than one state,
- Any governments in exile recognised by at least one state.
- ↑ This column indicates whether or not a state is a member of the United Nations.[2] It also indicates which non-member states participate in the United Nations System through membership in the International Atomic Energy Agency or one of the specialized agencies of the United Nations. All United Nations members belong to at least one specialized agency and are parties to the statute of the International Court of Justice.
- ↑ This column indicates whether or not a state is the subject of a major sovereignty dispute. Only states whose entire sovereignty is disputed by another state are listed.
- ↑ Information is included on:
- The extent to which a state's sovereignty is recognised internationally. More information can be found at List of states with limited recognition,
- Membership in the European Union,[lower-alpha 3] where applicable,
- Any dependencies, if applicable, which are generally not part of the territory of the sovereign state,
- federal structure of the state, where applicable. More information can be found at Federated state,
- Any autonomous areas inside the territory of the sovereign state,
- Any situations where one person is the Head of State of more than one state,
- Any governments in exile recognised by at least one state.
- ↑ The Argentine Constitution (Art. 35) recognises the following denominations for Argentina: "United Provinces of the Río de la Plata", "Argentine Republic" and "Argentine Confederation"; furthermore, it establishes the usage of "Argentine Nation" for purposes of legislation.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 The member states of the Union of South American Nations have transferred part of their sovereignty in the form of legislative, executive, and judicial powers to the institutions of the UNASUL, which is an example of supranational union. The UNASUL has 12 member states.[86]
Geographical boundaries of continents
In this section, the geographical boundaries of the continents are used to divide the world into continents, where differences from the previous list according to the United Nations geoscheme are noted.
Boundaries of Africa
For a detailed description of the geographical boundaries of Africa, see Borders of the continents: Africa.
Suez Canal
Considering the Suez Canal as a boundary between Africa and Asia, the following change from the previous list occurs:
Continental shelf of Africa
Considering the continental shelf of Africa, the following changes from the previous list occur:
Boundaries between Asia and Europe
For a detailed description of the geographical boundaries between Asia and Europe, see Borders of the continents: Europe and Asia.
Sea of Marmara and Turkish Straits
Considering the Sea of Marmara and the Turkish Straits (the Bosporus and the Dardanelles) as a boundary between Asia and Europe, the following change from the previous list occurs:
Ural definitions
Considering the Ural definition that follows the watershed of the Ural Mountains, and then the Ural River until the Caspian Sea, as a boundary between Asia and Europe, the following changes from the previous list occur:
Considering the Ural definition that follows the watershed of the Ural Mountains, and then the Ural River until it reaches Kazakhstan's border for the first time, and then the Or River and the Emba River, as a boundary between Asia and Europe, the following changes from the previous list occur:
Caucasus definitions
Considering the Caucasus definition that follows the watershed of the Greater Caucasus of the Caucasus Mountains as a boundary between Asia and Europe, the following changes from the previous list occur:
Considering the Caucasus definition that follows the Kuma-Manych Depression, marked by the Kuma River and the Manych River, as a boundary between Asia and Europe, the following change from the previous list occurs:
Continental shelves of Asia and Europe
Considering the continental shelves of Asia and Europe, the following change from the previous list occurs:
Boundaries between Asia and North America
For a detailed description of the geographical boundaries between Asia and North America, see Borders of the continents: Asia and North America.
Continental shelves of Asia and North America
Considering the continental shelves of Asia and North America, the following change from the previous list occurs:
Boundaries between Europe and North America
For a detailed description of the geographical boundaries between Europe and North America, see Borders of the continents: Europe and North America.
Mid-Atlantic Ridge
Though very rare, considering the Mid-Atlantic Ridge as a boundary between Europe and North America, the following change from the previous list occurs:
Boundaries between North and South America
For a detailed description of the geographical boundaries between North and South America, see Borders of the continents: the Americas.
Panama Canal
Considering the Panama Canal as a boundary between North and South America, the following change from the previous list occurs:
Continental shelves of North and South America
Considering the continental shelves of North and South America, the following changes from the previous list occur:
Boundaries of Oceania
For a detailed description of the geographical boundaries of Oceania, see Borders of the continents: Asia and Oceania.
Pacific Islands
Considering all Pacific Islands as being part of Oceania, the following changes from the previous list occur:
Boundaries of Antarctica
For a detailed description of the geographical boundaries of Antarctica, see Borders of the continents: Antarctica.
Subantarctic islands
Considering List of Antarctic and subantarctic islands north of 60°S which are fully integrated with its country, the following changes from the previous list occur:
Continental intergovernmental organizations
There are a number of intergovernmental organizations with continental scope and having the most wide and possibly non-overlapping membership:
- Africa: African Union
- Asia: Asia Cooperation Dialogue
- Europe: Council of Europe
- Not to be confused with the European Union (EU)
- Americas: Organization of American States
- South America: Union of South American Nations
- Oceania: Pacific Islands Forum
Therefore, a member of one of these organizations may be considered as belonging to that particular continent according to political criteria. Considering this, the following changes from the previous list occur:
- Armenia, Azerbaijan, Cyprus, Georgia, and Turkey are members of the Council of Europe. In particular, Cyprus is an EU member, while Turkey is a candidate.
- Russia is a member of both the Council of Europe and the Asia Cooperation Dialogue.
However, in general only internationally recognized sovereign states are members of intergovernmental organizations, and not every one of them is a member of one of the organizations listed above.
Dependent territories
Dependent territories, through political ties with their mother countries, may be associated with another continent other than its own geographical continent. For example, French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique, and Réunion, all overseas departments of France, are part of the EU and use the euro as their official currency. Other dependent territories of EU members, such as Greenland, while not part of the EU, enjoy special relationships with the EU.
The following dependent territories, all of them sparsely populated islands remote from continental mass, may be grouped into more than one continent, as there is no general convention as to which continent they belong to:
- The British Indian Ocean Territory is geographically located in the Indian Ocean, about equidistant from Africa and Asia. Politically it is administered from the United Kingdom, while historically it is part of Mauritius. It may be grouped into either Africa or Asia.
- Christmas Island and Cocos (Keeling) Islands are geographically located in the Indian Ocean, much closer to Asia than to Australia. Politically they are administered from Australia. They may be grouped into Asia or Oceania.
- Clipperton Island is geographically located in the Pacific Ocean, much closer to North America than to other Pacific Islands. Politically it is administered from France, previously from French Polynesia. It may be grouped into North America or Oceania.
- The French Southern Territories, which exclude the Antarctic territorial claim of Adélie Land, are geographically located in the Indian Ocean; the Îles Éparses are close to Madagascar, while other islands are approximately equidistant from Africa, Antarctica and Australia. Politically they are administered from Réunion. They may be grouped into Africa or Antarctica.
- South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands is geographically in the Atlantic Ocean, about equidistant from South America and Antarctica. Politically it is administered from the Falkland Islands. It may be grouped into South America or Antarctica.
See also
- List of sovereign states and dependent territories by continent (data file) — this data in a plain text format suitable for automated processing
- List of countries and capitals in native languages
- List of national capitals
- Gallery of sovereign state flags
- Gallery of dependent territory flags
References
- ↑ "Composition of macro geographical (continental) regions, geographical sub-regions, and selected economic and other groupings". United Nations Statistics Division.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Press Release ORG/1469 (3 July 2006). "United Nations Member States". United Nations. Retrieved 28 February 2011.
- ↑ Constitution of Comoros, Art. 1.
- ↑ "The Gambia profile". BBC News. 14 February 2018. Retrieved 12 March 2018.
- 1 2 "Statement from UNISFA on the recent spate of attacks in Abyei". UNmissions.org. 18 October 2017. Retrieved 12 February 2018.
- 1 2 "Abyei Administration Area Changes Name". Gurtong.net. 29 July 2015. Retrieved 12 February 2018.
- 1 2 3 4 Ker-Lindsay, James (2012). The Foreign Policy of Counter Secession: Preventing the Recognition of Contested States. Oxford University Press. p. 53. Retrieved 24 September 2013.
In addition to the four cases of contested statehood described above, there are three other territories that have unilaterally declared independence and are generally regarded as having met the Montevideo criteria for statehood but have not been recognized by any states: Transnistria, Nagorny Karabakh, and Somaliland.
- ↑ Kreuter, Aaron (2010). "Self-Determination, Sovereignty, and the Failure of States: Somaliland and the Case for Justified Secession" (PDF). Minnesota Journal of International Law. University of Minnesota Law School. 19:2: 380–381. Retrieved 24 September 2013.
Considering each of these factors, Somaliland has a colorable argument that it meets the theoretical requirements of statehood. ... On these bases, Somaliland appears to have a strong claim to statehood.
- ↑ International Crisis Group (23 May 2006). "Somaliland: Time for African Union leadership" (PDF). The Africa Report. Groupe Jeune Afrique (110): 10–13. Archived from the original (PDF) on 20 July 2011. Retrieved 19 April 2011.
- ↑ Mesfin, Berouk (September 2009). "The political development of Somaliland and its conflict with Puntland" (PDF). ISS Paper. Institute for Security Studies (200): 8. Archived from the original (PDF) on 23 November 2011. Retrieved 19 April 2011.
- ↑ Arieff, Alexis. "De Facto Statehood? The Strange Case of Somaliland" (PDF). Yale Journal of International Affairs. International Affairs Council at Yale (Spring/Summer 2008): 1–79. Retrieved 17 April 2011.
- ↑ "Somaliland profile". BBC News. 14 December 2017. Retrieved 27 January 2018.
- ↑ "Pakistan Worldview, Report 21, Visit to Azerbaijan" (PDF). Senate of Pakistan Foreign Relations Committee. 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 February 2009.
- ↑ Nilufer Bakhtiyar: "For Azerbaijan Pakistan does not recognise Armenia as a country" 13 September 2006 [14:03] – Today.Az
- ↑ "Pakistan the only country not recognizing Armenia – envoy". News.Az. 5 February 2014. Retrieved 17 February 2014.
We are the only country not recognizing Armenia as a state.
- ↑ Andreas S. Kakouris (9 July 2010). "Cyprus is not at peace with Turkey". CNN. Retrieved 17 May 2014.
Turkey stands alone in violation of the will of the international community. It is the only country to recognize the "TRNC" and is the only country that does not recognize the Republic of Cyprus and its government.
- 1 2 "Greek Administration of Southern Cyprus". Republic of Turkey: Ministry of EU Affairs. 5 June 2017. Retrieved 27 January 2018.
- ↑ Iraqi constitution Archived 18 May 2016 at the Portuguese Web Archive
- ↑ "Basic Law: Jerusalem, Capital of Israel". www.knesset.gov.il.
- ↑ "Disputes: International". CIA World Factbook. Retrieved 8 November 2011.
- ↑ Gold, Dore; Institute for Contemporary Affairs (26 August 2005). "Legal Acrobatics: The Palestinian Claim that Gaza is Still "Occupied" Even After Israel Withdraws". Jerusalem Issue Brief, Vol. 5, No. 3. Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs. Retrieved 16 July 2010.
- ↑ Bell, Abraham (28 January 2008). "International Law and Gaza: The Assault on Israel's Right to Self-Defense". Jerusalem Issue Brief, Vol. 7, No. 29. Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs. Retrieved 16 July 2010.
- ↑ "Address by Foreign Minister Livni to the 8th Herzliya Conference" (Press release). Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Israel. 22 January 2008. Retrieved 16 July 2010.
- ↑ Salih, Zak M. (17 November 2005). "Panelists Disagree Over Gaza's Occupation Status". University of Virginia School of Law. Archived from the original on 3 March 2016. Retrieved 16 July 2010.
- ↑ "Israel: 'Disengagement' Will Not End Gaza Occupation". Human Rights Watch. 29 October 2004. Retrieved 16 July 2010.
- ↑ "Treaty on Basic Relations between Japan and the Republic of Korea". Retrieved 27 October 2008.
- ↑ Keun Min. "Greetings". Jeju Special Self-Governing Province. Retrieved 10 November 2010.
- ↑ "Myanmar gets new flag, official name, anthem". Reuters. 21 October 2010. Retrieved 22 October 2010.
- ↑ Constitution of Pakistan, Art. 1.
- ↑ Aslam, Tasnim (11 December 2006). "'Pakistan Does Not Claim Kashmir As An Integral Part...'". Outlook India. The Outlook Group.
- ↑ Williams, Kristen P. (2001). Despite nationalist conflicts: theory and practice of maintaining world peace. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 154–155. ISBN 978-0-275-96934-9.
- ↑ Pruthi, R.K. (2001). An Encyclopaedic Survey Of Global Terrorism In 21St Century. Anmol Publications Pvt. Ltd. pp. 120–121. ISBN 978-81-261-1091-9.
- ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 12 August 2014. Retrieved 28 July 2014.
- 1 2 "To Be Published In The Next Issue Of The" (PDF). Retrieved 2018-08-24.
- ↑ "AJ&K History". Retrieved 6 January 2018.
- ↑ Lansford, Tom (2014-04-08). Political Handbook of the World 2014. ISBN 9781483333281. Retrieved 5 October 2014.
- ↑ "Are You suprised" (PDF). Retrieved 2018-08-24.
- ↑ Palestine Liberation Organization. "Road For Palestinian Statehood: Recognition and Admission". Negotiations Affairs Department. Archived from the original on August 18, 2011. Retrieved July 28, 2011.
- ↑ See the following on statehood criteria:
- Mendes, Errol (30 March 2010). "Statehood and Palestine for the purposes of Article 12 (3) of the ICC Statute" (PDF). 30 March 2010: 28, 33. Retrieved 17 April 2011: "...the Palestinian State also meets the traditional criteria under the Montevideo Convention..."; "...the fact that a majority of states have recognised Palestine as a State should easily fulfill the requisite state practice".
- McKinney, Kathryn M. (1994). "The Legal Effects of the Israeli-PLO Declaration ofPrinciples: Steps Toward Statehood for Palestine". Seattle University Law Review. Seattle University. 18 (93): 97. Archived from the original on 22 July 2011. Retrieved 17 April 2011: "It is possible, however, to argue for Palestinian statehood based on the constitutive theory".
- McDonald, Avril (Spring 2009). "Operation Cast Lead: Drawing the Battle Lines of the Legal Dispute". Human Rights Brief. Washington College of Law, Center for Human Rights and Humanitarian Law. 25. Retrieved 17 April 2011: "Whether one applies the criteria of statehood set out in the Montevideo Convention or the more widely accepted constitutive theory of statehood, Palestine might be considered a state."
- 1 2 "Non-member States and Entities". United Nations. 29 February 2008. Archived from the original on 9 May 2009. Retrieved 30 August 2010.
- ↑ United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. "Arab States: Palestine". United Nations. Retrieved 3 December 2011.
- 1 2 3 Абхазия, Южная Осетия и Приднестровье признали независимость друг друга и призвали всех к этому же (in Russian). newsru.com. 17 November 2006. Retrieved 5 June 2011.
- ↑ Krüger, Heiko (2010). The Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict: A Legal Analysis. Springer. p. 55. ISBN 978-3-642-11787-9.
- ↑ Nikoghosyan, Hovhannes (August 2010). "Kosovo ruling implications for Armenia and Azerbaijan". HULIQ.com. Hareyan Publishing, LLC. Retrieved 17 April 2011.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Вице-спикер парламента Абхазии: Выборы в НКР соответствуют всем международным стандартам: "Абхазия, Южная Осетия, НКР и Приднестровье уже давно признали независимость друг друга и очень тесно сотрудничают между собой", – сказал вице-спикер парламента Абхазии. ... "...Абхазия признала независимость Нагорно-Карабахской Республики..." – сказал он."
- 1 2 "In detail: The foreign policy of Pridnestrovie". Pridnestrovie. 26 May 2010. Archived from the original on 11 May 2008. Retrieved 29 June 2010.
- ↑ Regions and territories: Nagorno-Karabakh (17 January 2006). BBC News. Retrieved 17 January 2006.
- ↑ The World Factbook|Cyprus (10 January 2006). Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 17 January 2006.
- ↑ Jansen, Dinah (2009). "The Conflict between Self-Determination and Territorial Integrity: the South Ossetian Paradigm". Geopolitics Vs. Global Governance: Reinterpreting International Security. Centre for Foreign Policy Studies, University of Dalhousie: 222–242. ISBN 978-1-896440-61-3
- 1 2 "Russia condemned for recognizing rebel regions". CNN.com. Cable News Network. 26 August 2008. Retrieved 26 August 2008.
- ↑ "Ma refers to China as ROC territory in magazine interview". Taipei Times. 8 October 2008.
- ↑ "Andorra country profile". BBC News. Retrieved 8 November 2011.
- ↑ "Pakistan Worldview, Report 21, Visit to Azerbaijan" (PDF). Senate of Pakistan Foreign Relations Committee. 2008. Archived from the original (PDF) on 19 February 2009.
- ↑ Nilufer Bakhtiyar: "For Azerbaijan Pakistan does not recognise Armenia as a country" 13 September 2006 [14:03] – Today.Az
- ↑ "Pakistan the only country not recognizing Armenia – envoy". News.Az. 5 February 2014. Retrieved 17 February 2014.
We are the only country not recognizing Armenia as a state.
- ↑ Europa, retrieved 28 February 2011
- ↑ Stjepanović, Dejan (2015). "Dual Substate Citizenship as Institutional Innovation: The Case of Bosnia's Brčko District". Nationalism and Ethnic Politics. 21 (4): 382–383. doi:10.1080/13537113.2015.1095043. eISSN 1557-2986. ISSN 1353-7113. OCLC 5927465455.
- ↑ Andreas S. Kakouris (9 July 2010). "Cyprus is not at peace with Turkey". CNN. Retrieved 17 May 2014.
Turkey stands alone in violation of the will of the international community. It is the only country to recognize the "TRNC" and is the only country that does not recognize the Republic of Cyprus and its government.
- ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 10 September 2015. Retrieved 20 May 2015.
- ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 14 February 2014. Retrieved 20 May 2014.
- ↑ Constitution of Greece, Art. 105.
- ↑ "Iceland - Culture, History, & People".
- ↑ "Data" (PDF). unstats.un.org.
- ↑ "Hvert er formlegt heiti landsins okkar?".
- ↑ Daly, Mary E. (January 2007). "The Irish Free State/Éire/Republic of Ireland/Ireland: "A Country by Any Other Name"?". Journal of British Studies. Cambridge University Press on behalf of The North American Conference on British Studies. 46 (1): 72–90. doi:10.1086/508399. JSTOR 10.1086/508399.
- ↑ "Ireland" is the official name in English. "Republic of Ireland" (the official description in English) and "Éire" (the official name in Irish) have sometimes been used unofficially to distinguish the state from the larger island of Ireland; this is officially deprecated.[65] See names of the Irish state.
- ↑ "A/RES/47/225". UN.org. 8 April 1993. Retrieved 9 April 2018.
- ↑ "Bilateral relations of the Holy See". Holy See website. Retrieved 5 June 2012.
- ↑ Krüger, Heiko (2010). The Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict: A Legal Analysis. Springer. p. 55. ISBN 978-3-642-11787-9.
- ↑ Nikoghosyan, Hovhannes (August 2010). "Kosovo ruling implications for Armenia and Azerbaijan". HULIQ.com. Hareyan Publishing, LLC. Retrieved 17 April 2011.
- ↑ Regions and territories: Nagorno-Karabakh (17 January 2006). BBC News. Retrieved 17 January 2006.
- ↑ "United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo". UN. Retrieved 8 January 2015.
- ↑ The World Factbook|Cyprus (10 January 2006). Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved 17 January 2006.
- ↑ Jansen, Dinah (2009). "The Conflict between Self-Determination and Territorial Integrity: the South Ossetian Paradigm". Geopolitics Vs. Global Governance: Reinterpreting International Security. Centre for Foreign Policy Studies, University of Dalhousie: 222–242. ISBN 978-1-896440-61-3
- ↑ Regions and territories: Trans-Dniester (13 December 2005). BBC News. Retrieved 17 January 2006.
- ↑ Government of Antigua and Barbuda. "Chapter 44: The Barbuda Local Government Act" (PDF). Laws of Antigua and Barbuda. Retrieved 10 November 2010.
- ↑ "Bahamas, The | The Commonwealth". thecommonwealth.org. Retrieved 12 March 2018.
- ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 10 September 2015. Retrieved 20 May 2015.
- ↑ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 14 February 2014. Retrieved 20 May 2014.
- ↑ "Rotuma Act". Laws of Fiji (1978 ed.). Suva, Fiji: Government of Fiji. 1927. Archived from the original on 21 June 2010. Retrieved 10 July 2010.
- ↑ Government of Fiji, Office of the Prime Minister (1978). "Chapter 122: Rotuma Act". Laws of Fiji. University of the South Pacific. Retrieved 10 November 2010.
- ↑ Federal Foreign Office of Germany (November 2009). "Beziehungen zu Deutschland". Government of Germany. Retrieved 16 July 2010. For more information, see Foreign relations of the Cook Islands.
- ↑ China Internet Information Centre (13 December 2007). "Full text of joint communique on the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Niue". Xinhua News Agency. Retrieved 16 July 2010.
- ↑ Republic of Nauru Permanent Mission to the United Nations. "Foreign Affairs". United Nations. Archived from the original on 4 October 2014. Retrieved 16 July 2010.
- 1 2 3 "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on April 3, 2012. Retrieved July 15, 2011.
- ↑ UNASUR: El camino hacia la integración sudamericana, retrieved 12 August 2018
External links
- UN List of Territories
- CIA – The World Factbook
- U.S. Department of State: Background notes
- European Commission: List of countries, territories and currencies
- Administrative Divisions of Countries ("Statoids")
- World Gazetteer at Archive.is (archived 2012-12-04)
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