San Juan, Metro Manila

San Juan
Highly-Urbanized City
Dakilang Lungsód ng San Juan
(Great City of San Juan)
Skyscrapers of Annapolis Street in Greenhills

Seal
Motto(s): Todo Asenso, San Juan!
("Progress, San Juan!")
Diwa ng 1896
("Spirit of 1896")

Location within Metro Manila
San Juan
Location within the Philippines
Coordinates: 14°36′N 121°02′E / 14.6°N 121.03°E / 14.6; 121.03Coordinates: 14°36′N 121°02′E / 14.6°N 121.03°E / 14.6; 121.03
Country Philippines
Region National Capital Region
Districts Lone District of San Juan
Incorporated 1623 (town)
Incorporated 17 June 2007 (cityhood)[1]
Barangays 21
Government[2]
 • Mayor Guia Gomez (Partido Magdiwang/UNA)
 • Vice Mayor Janella Marie V. Ejército (Partido Magdiwang)
 • Representative Ronaldo Zamora (PDP-Laban)
 • Sangguniang Panlungsod
Area[4][5]
 • Total 5.87 km2 (2.27 sq mi)
Elevation 17.0 m (55.8 ft)
Population (2015 census)[6]
 • Total 122,180
 • Density 21,000/km2 (54,000/sq mi)
Demonym(s) San Juaneño (m), San Juaneña (f)
Time zone UTC+8 (PST)
Zip code 1500–1504
Area code +63 (0)02
Website www.sanjuancity.gov.ph

San Juan City (Filipino: Lungsod ng San Juan) is one of the 16 cities and municipalities that make up Metro Manila, the capital region of the Philippines. It is geographically located at its approximate center and is also the country's smallest city in terms of land area. According to the 2015 census, it has a population of 122,180.[6]

The city is known historically for the site of the first battle of the Katipunan, the organization which led the 1896 Philippine Revolution against the Spanish Empire. Notable landmarks today such as Pinaglabanan Shrine and heritage homes are located in the city. Other locations include Greenhills Shopping Center and Santolan Town Plaza, making the city a major shopping hub with a range of upscale, boutique and bargain retail.[7]

Etymology

"San Juan City" is a contraction of the city's traditional name of "San Juan del Monte" (lit. Saint John of the Mountain). As with numerous other places in the Philippines, the name combines a patron saint and a toponym; in this case Saint John the Baptist with the locale's hilly terrain and relatively higher elevation compared to surrounding areas.

The city's official name is "Dakilang Lungsód ng San Juan" (lit. Great City of San Juan).

History

During the pre-Hispanic period, the area of what is now San Juan was a part of the Kingdom of Namayan, whose last recorded rulers were King Lacantagean and his consort, Bouan. After the kingdom and other polities in the islands were absorbed into the Spanish Crown in the late 16th century, the realm of Namayan was christened Santa Ana de Sapa. The present area of San Juan was meanwhile re-classified as a barrio, becoming a small encomienda by 1590.

In 1602, the Dominicans built a retreat house in the vicinity for their immediate use, where ageing or convalescing friars stayed. Later, the Order constructed a convent and stone church dedicated to the Holy Cross. To this day, the thrice-rebuilt Santuario del Santo Cristo stands on the same site, adjacent to Aquinas School and Dominican College.

El Deposito, 1900

In 1783, San Juan was partitioned from Santa Ana but was still a barrio within the Province of Manila. The El Deposito reservoir was historically known as the site where the onset of the Philippine Revolution through the Battle of San Juan del Monte took place in 1896.[8] The opening salvo against Spain took place in San Juan in 1897 when the Katipunan attacked the alamacén (armoury) or polvorín (gunpowder magazine) of the Spanish East Indies colonial government. The town was later incorporated into the Province of Rizal in 1901 under American military rule.

On 7 November 1975, President Ferdinand Marcos signed Presidential Decree № 824 that established the National Capital Region, and San Juan was among the towns excised from Rizal Province. Residents ratified the conversion of the municipality into a highly urbanised city on 17 June 2007, pursuant to Republic Act № 9388 ("An Act Converting the Municipality of San Juan into a Highly Urbanized City to be known as the City of San Juan"). Then Congressman Ronaldo B. Zamora sponsored the Cityhood Bill in the House of Representatives and worked for its approval.[9]

Presidential ties

Although not officially designated as such, San Juan is noted to be the "Town of Philippine Presidents." Four presidents since the Third Republic were official residents of San Juan when they assumed office. They were the Macapagal père et fille, Diosdado Sr. (1961–1965) and Gloria Arroyo (2001–2010); Ferdinand Marcos (1965–1986); and Joseph Estrada (1998–2001), who also served as Mayor when San Juan was still a municipality.

Geography

San Juan is the least extensive city in the Philippines with a total area of 595 hectares (2.30 sq mi).

San Juan is bounded by Quezon City on the north and east, Mandaluyong on the south, and the City of Manila in the west.

The territory of San Juan was once much larger than it is now, extending all the way to what is now Caloocan City. Parts of the present-day Districts 1, 4 and 6 of Quezon City as well as areas of Mandaluyong were originally within the town's colonial-era borders. This also explains why San Juan Reservoir is in nearby Horseshoe Village, a subdivision now part of Quezon City.

Barangays

San Juan is politically subdivided into 21 barangays:

District 1 District 2
  • Balong-Bato
  • Batis
  • Corazon de Jesús
  • Ermitaño
  • Pasadena
  • Pedro Cruz
  • Progreso
  • Rivera
  • Salapán
  • San Perfecto
  • Addition Hills
  • Greenhills
  • Isabelita
  • Kabayanan
  • Little Baguio
  • Maytunas
  • Onse
  • St. Joseph
  • Santa Lucia
  • Tibagan
  • West Crame

Demographics

Population census of San Juan
YearPop.±% p.a.
1903 1,455—    
1918 6,172+10.11%
1939 18,870+5.47%
1948 31,493+5.86%
1960 56,861+5.05%
1970 104,559+6.27%
1975 122,492+3.23%
1980 130,088+1.21%
1990 126,854−0.25%
1995 124,187−0.40%
2000 117,680−1.15%
2007 125,338+0.87%
2010 121,430−1.15%
2015 122,180+0.12%
Source: Philippine Statistics Authority[6][10][11][12]

Transportation

The J. Ruiz Station is the only rail and rapid transit station serving San Juan.

Modes of public transportation in San Juan include jeepneys and buses. Jeepney routes ply the Aurora Boulevard (R-6). The city is serviced by the LRT-2. The only LRT station in San Juan is the J. Ruiz Station. The C-3 (Araneta Avenue) also passes through San Juan. Secondary routes include Nicanor Domingo (abbreviated N. Domingo), which heads towards Cubao in Quezon City, and Pinaglabanan/Santolan Road, which leads towards Ortigas Avenue and eventually the southern reaches of Quezon City near Camp Crame, the headquarters of the Philippine National Police.

Education

The Polytechnic University of the Philippines maintains a campus in San Juan. OB Montessori Center is also a campus in Greenhills.

Culture

Religion

The city also has several notable places of worship. Saint John the Baptist Parish, more commonly known as "Pinaglabanan Church", is where the city's patron saint, John the Baptist, is enshrined. The Santuario del Santo Cristo is the settlement's oldest existing church, while Mary the Queen Parish in West Greenhills serves the local Filipino-Chinese community.

From 1925-1971, the Iglesia ni Cristo once headquartered in the town at its former Central Office Complex, now known as the Locale of F. Manalo. It features Art-Deco designed ensembles, crafted by National Artist for Architecture Juan Nakpil. The Chapel is the centerpiece of the Complex, which also contains the old Central Office and Pastoral House which was the home of the church's first Executive Minister, Ka Felix Manalo, along with other Ministers and Evangelical Workers. When Manalo died in 1963, a mausoleum was constructed on the grounds of the Complex by architect Carlos Santos-Viola.

San Juan also has a number of Evangelical churches. Through the APOI ( Association of Pastors for Outreach and Intercession), they have contributed to the spiritual atmosphere of the city. Every January, the city celebrates the National Bible Week, where the reading of the Scripture happens during the flag raising ceremony in the City Hall. Through the blessing of the mayor, a bible was planted in the heart of the new city hall during its construction.

Major evangelical churches like Jesus is Lord, Victory Greenhills are also found in the city of San Juan.

Notable people

Sister cities

Local

International

References

  1. ↑ Date of changing San Juan from a municipality to a city.
  2. ↑ "Cities". Quezon City, Philippines: Department of the Interior and Local Government. Archived from the original on 9 March 2013. Retrieved 15 November 2012.
  3. ↑ Councilors of San Juan, Metro Manila.
  4. ↑ "An Update on the Earthquake Hazards and Risk Assessment of Greater Metropolitan Manila Area" (PDF). Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology. November 14, 2013. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 24, 2016. Retrieved May 16, 2016.
  5. ↑ "Enhancing Risk Analysis Capacities for Flood, Tropical Cyclone Severe Wind and Earthquake for the Greater Metro Manila Area Component 5 – Earthquake Risk Analysis" (PDF). Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology and Geoscience Australia. Retrieved May 16, 2016.
  6. 1 2 3 Census of Population (2015). "National Capital Region (NCR)". Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. PSA. Retrieved 20 June 2016.
  7. ↑ "A short and sweet historical tour of San Juan City - The Manila Times Online". www.manilatimes.net. Retrieved 2018-07-26.
  8. ↑ "National Historical Commission of the Philippines official website". Pinaglabanan Memorial Shrine.
  9. ↑ Republic Act No. 9388 - Charter of the City of San Juan
  10. ↑ Census of Population and Housing (2010). "National Capital Region (NCR)". Total Population by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay. NSO. Retrieved 29 June 2016.
  11. ↑ Censuses of Population (1903–2007). "National Capital Region (NCR)". Table 1. Population Enumerated in Various Censuses by Province/Highly Urbanized City: 1903 to 2007. NSO.
  12. ↑ "Province of Metro Manila, 2nd (Not a Province)". Municipality Population Data. Local Water Utilities Administration Research Division. Retrieved 17 December 2016.
  13. ↑ sunstar.com.ph, Davao, San Juan cities ink sisterhood pact Archived 2008-10-08 at the Wayback Machine.
  14. 1 2 "US-Asia Sister Cities by State". Asia Matters for America. Honolulu, Hawaii: East West Center. Retrieved 2015-02-04.
  15. ↑ "San Juan, Philippines & Maui, Hawaii". Washington, DC: Sister Cities International. Retrieved 2015-02-04.
  16. ↑ "Socal Sister Cities Directory". Southern California Sister Cities Directory. SoCal Chapter Inc. Retrieved 2015-02-05.
  17. ↑ "San Juan, Philippines & Santa Barbara, California". Washington, DC: Sister Cities International. Retrieved 2015-02-04.
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