List of conflicts in Africa
This is a list of conflicts in Africa arranged by country, both on the continent and associated islands, including wars between African nations, civil wars, and wars involving non-African nations that took place within Africa. It encompasses colonial wars, wars of independence, secessionist and separatist conflicts, major episodes of national violence (riots, massacres, etc.), and global conflicts in which Africa was a theatre of war.
North Africa
Egypt
- 1803–1807 Muhammad Ali's seizure of power
- 1881–1899 Mahdist War
- June 11, 1940 – February 4, 1943: Western Desert Campaign, part of World War II
- October 29 – November 7, 1956 Suez Crisis
- June 5, 1967 – June 10, 1967 Six-Day War
- July 1, 1967 – August 7, 1970 War of Attrition
- October 6, 1973 – October 25, 1973 Yom Kippur War
- July 21, 1977 – July 24, 1977 Libyan–Egyptian War
- January 25, 2011 – ongoing 2011 Egyptian Revolution and Aftermath
- January 25, 2011 – February 11, 2011 Egyptian Revolution
- Egyptian crisis (2011–14)
- February 23, 2011 – ongoing Sinai insurgency
- November 22, 2012 – July 3, 2013 Egyptian protests
- June 28, 2013 – July 3, 2013 June 2013 Egyptian protests
- July 3, 2013 – ongoing Political violence in Egypt
- 2013 – ongoing Insurgency in Egypt (2013–present)
- 2011 - ongoingEast Africa Food Crisis 2011 (2011-present)
Sudan
- c. 1279 BC – 1213 BC Ramesses II's campaigns in Nubia
- 23 BC The Roman prefect of Egypt invaded the Kingdom of Kush after an initial attack by the queen of Meröe, razing Napata to the ground
- 1881–1899 The Mahdist War
- September 1, 1939 – September 2, 1945 World War II
- August 18, 1955 – March 27, 1972 First Sudanese Civil War
- April 1983 – January 2005 Second Sudanese Civil War
- 1987 – ongoing Lord's Resistance Army insurgency
- 2003 – ongoing War in Darfur
- December 18, 2005 – January 15, 2010 Chad-Sudan conflict
- May 26, 2009 – ongoing Sudanese nomadic conflicts
- January 7, 2011 – ongoing Ethnic violence in South Sudan
- May 19, 2011 – ongoing Sudan–SRF conflict
- March 26, 2012 – September 26, 2012 Sudan–South Sudan Border War (Heglig Crisis)
- December 15, 2013 – ongoing South Sudanese Civil War
Libya
- c. 1279 BC – 1213 BC Ramesses II's Campaigns in Libya
- 264 BC – 146 BC Punic Wars
- 112 BC – 106 BC Jugurthine War
- 420s Vandals conquer the Roman province
- June 533 – March 534 Vandalic War
- 544 Second Moorish uprising and the revolt of Guntharic
- 647 – 709 Muslim conquest of the Maghreb
- Ottoman–Habsburg wars
- 1551 Siege of Tripoli
- 1793 – 1795 Tripolitanian civil war
- 1797 Action of 16 May 1797
- 1801 – 05 First Barbary War
- 1825 Sardinian-Tripolitanian war of 1825
- 1911 – 43 Libyan resistance movement
- 1911 – 12 Italo-Turkish War
- June 11, 1940 – February 4, 1943 Western Desert Campaign, part of World War II
- 1977 Libyan-Egyptian War
- 1978 – 87 Chadian-Libyan conflict
- 2011 Libyan Civil War
- 2011 – ongoing Post-civil war violence in Libya
- 2014 – ongoing Second Libyan Civil War
Tunisia
- 164 BCE – 146 BCE Punic Wars
- 112 BCE – 106 BCE Jugurthine War
- 238 Battle of Carthage
- 420s Vandals conquer the Roman province
- June 533 – March 534 Vandalic War
- 535 – 563 The Moorish Wars
- 629—1050s Arab–Byzantine wars
- 647 – 709 Muslim conquest of the Maghreb
- June 1801 – April 1804 Tunisian-Sicilian War
- 17 November 1942 – 13 May 1943 Tunisia Campaign (World War II)
- July 1961 Bizerte crisis
- April 11, 2002 – ongoing Insurgency in the Maghreb
- December 18, 2010 – January 14, 2011 Tunisian revolution
- June 26, 2015 – ongoing ISIL insurgency in Tunisia
Algeria
- 264 BCE – 146 BCE Punic Wars
- 112 BCE – 106 BCE Jugurthine War
- 420s Vandals conquer the Roman province
- June 533 – March 534 Vandalic War
- 544 – Second Moorish uprising and the revolt of Guntharic
- 647 – 709 Muslim conquest of the Maghreb
- 1518 Fall of Tlemcen
- 1529 Capture of Peñón of Algiers
- September 14, 1769 – May 16, 1772 Danish–Algerian War
- 1830 – 1847 French conquest of Algeria
- 1835 – 1903 Pacification of Algeria
- June 10, 1940 – May 13, 1943 North African Campaign (World War II)
- May 8, 1945 Sétif and Guelma massacre
- November 1, 1954 – March 19, 1962 Algerian War
- October 1963 Sand War
- 1970 – ongoing Western Sahara conflict
- December 26, 1991 – February 2002 Algerian Civil War
- April 11, 2002 – ongoing Insurgency in the Maghreb
Morocco
- 264 BCE – 146 BCE Punic Wars
- 112 BCE – 106 BCE Jugurthine War
- 420s Vandals conquer the Roman province
- June 533 – March 534 Vandalic War
- 544 Second Moorish uprising and the revolt of Guntharic
- 647–709 Muslim conquest of the Maghreb
- 739–743 Berber Revolt
- 1130–1147 Almoravid-Almohad War
- 1215–1269 Almohad-Marinid War
- 1125–1269 Almohad-Marinid War
- 1299–1370 Morocco-Tlemcen conflict
- 1415–1578 Moroccan-Portuguese conflict
- 1465 Moroccan Revolt
- 1527–1554 Wattassid-Saadian War
- September 1497 Conquest of Melilla
- 1603–1627 War of Succession
- 1554–1830 Moroccan-Turkish border conflict
- 1577 A Moroccan expedition occupied Taghaza
- 1582 A first expedition to Timbuktu was defeated
- 1591 A Moroccan expeditionary force defeated the Songhay army at Tondibi and conquered Gao, Timbuktu and Djenné
- 1554–1830 Moroccan–Turkish border conflict
- 1613–1666 Civil War
- 1844 First Franco-Moroccan War
- 1859 Spanish-Moroccan War
- 1893 Rif War
- 1909 Rif War
- 1911–1912 Second Franco-Moroccan War
- 1920–1926 Rif War
- 1914–1921 Zaian War
- 1942 North African Campaign
- 1957–1958 Ifni War
- 1963 Sand War
- 1970–ongoing Western Sahara conflict
- 1975–1991 Western Sahara War
- April 11, 2002 – ongoing Insurgency in the Maghreb
Horn of Africa
Somalia
- c. 1700 BCE Invasion of Ancient Egypt by the Kingdom of Kush and the Land of Punt
- 1529–1543 Ethiopian-Adal War
- 1900–1920 Somaliland Campaign
- June 10, 1940 – November 27, 1941 East African Campaign (World War II)
- August 3, 1940 – August 19, 1940 Italian conquest of British Somaliland
- July 13, 1977 – March 15, 1978 Ethio-Somali War
- 1986–1991 Somali Rebellion
- January 26, 1991 – ongoing Somali Civil War
- 1994 – ongoing Insurgency in Ogaden
Ethiopia
- c. 1285 Ifat's conquest of shewa
- 1529–1543 Ethiopian-Adal War
- March 1529 Battle of Shimbra Kure
- 1531 Battle of Antukyah
- October 28, 1531 Battle of Amba Sel
- April 24, 1541 Battle of Sahart
- February 2, 1542 Battle of Baçente
- April 4, 1542 – April 16, 1542 Battle of Jarte
- August 1542 Battle of the Hill of the Jews
- August 28, 1542 Battle of Wofla
- February 21, 1543 Battle of Wayna Daga
- 1895–1896 First Italo-Ethiopia War
- March 1, 1896 Battle of Adwa
- December 7, 1895 Battle of Amba Alagi
- January 13, 1895 Battle of Coatit
- October 3, 1935 – May 1936 Second Italo-Abyssinian War
- June 10, 1940 – November 27, 1941 East African Campaign
- July 13, 1977 – March 15, 1978 Ethio-Somali War
- September 1, 1961 – May 29, 1991 Eritrean War of Independence
- Ethiopian Civil War (1974-1991)
- Eritrean–Ethiopian War (1998–2000)
- Eritrean–Ethiopian border conflict (2000-present)
- June 10, 2008 – June 13, 2008 Djiboutian–Eritrean border conflict
- January 1, 2010 Eritrean-Ethiopian border skirmish
Djibouti
- November 1991 – December 1994 Djiboutian Civil War
- June 10, 2008 – June 13, 2008 Djiboutian–Eritrean border conflict
Eritrea
- 1895–1896 First Italo-Ethiopia War
- October 3, 1935 – May 1936 Second Italo-Abyssinian War
- June 10, 1940 – November 27, 1941 East African Campaign (World War II)
- February 1972 – March 1981 Eritrean Civil Wars
- September 1, 1961 – May 29, 1991 Eritrean War of Independence
- December 15, 1995 – December 17, 1995 Hanish Islands conflict
- May 6, 1998 – May 25, 2000 Eritrean-Ethiopian War
- Eritrean–Ethiopian War (1998–2000)
- Eritrean–Ethiopian border conflict (2000–present)
- June 10, 2008 – June 13, 2008 Djiboutian–Eritrean border conflict
- January 1, 2010 Eritrean-Ethiopian border skirmish
Indian Ocean islands
Madagascar
- 1883–1885 First Madagascar expedition
- 1894–1895 Second Madagascar expedition
- 1942 Battle of Madagascar (World War II)
- 1947–1948 Madagascar revolt
Comoros
- March 25, 2008 – March 26, 2008 Invasion of Anjouan
Mauritius
- August 20, 1810 – August 27, 1810 Battle of Grand Port
African Great Lakes
Rwanda
- October 1, 1990 – July 18, 1994 Rwandan Civil War
- April 7, 1994 – July 15, 1994 Rwandan Genocide
Burundi
- 1972 Burundi genocide
- October 21, 1993 – August 2005 Burundi Civil War
- December 28, 2000 Titanic Express Massacre
- September 9, 2002 Itaba Massacre
- August 13, 2004 Gatumba Massacre
- April 26, 2015 – Ongoing Burundian unrest
Uganda
- January 25, 1971 1971 Ugandan coup d'état
- July 4, 1976 Operation Entebbe
- October 30, 1978 – April 11, 1979 Uganda-Tanzania War
- April 11, 1979 Fall of Kampala
- 1980–1985 Uganda National Rescue Front
- 1982–1986 Ugandan Civil War
- 1986–1988 Uganda People's Democratic Army
- 1986–1987 Holy Spirit Movement
- 1987–ongoing Lord's Resistance Army
- 1996 Allied Democratic Forces
- 1996–2002 Uganda National Rescue Front II
Kenya
- August 3, 1914 – November 1918 East African Campaign (World War I)
- June 10, 1940 – November 27, 1941 East African Campaign (World War II)
- 1952–1960 Mau Mau Uprising
- 1963–1967 Shifta War
- 1980 Garissa Massacre
- February 10, 1984 Wagalla massacre
- 2005 Turbi Village Massacre
- 2007–2008 Kenyan crisis
- 2017 Kenyan Presidential Election, 2017
Tanzania
- July 28, 1914 – November 11, 1918 World War I
- 1978–1979 Uganda–Tanzania War
West Africa
Benin
- 1724–1727 Abomey (Dahomey) conquests
- 1726–1730 First Oyo-Dahomey War
- 1738–1748 Second Oyo-Dahomey War
- 1764 Second Ashanti-Akim War
- 1768 Yoruba-Ashanti War
- 1889–1894 France conquers Dahomey
Burkina Faso
- 1985 Agacher Strip War
Cameroon
- 1804–1808 Fulani War
- 1835–1836 Fula jihads
- July 28, 1914 – November 11, 1918 World War I
- September 1, 1939 – September 2, 1945 World War II
- March 2014 – ongoing Boko Haram insurgency
- November 2016 – ongoing West Cameroon-marginalization motivated strike
Côte d'Ivoire
- 1883–1898 Mandingo Wars
- September 19, 2002 – March 4, 2007 First Ivorian Civil War
- 28 November 2010 – 11 April 2011 Second Ivorian Civil War
Gabon
- September 1, 1939 – September 2, 1945 World War II
Gambia
Ghana
- 1620–1654 Dutch–Portuguese War
- 1664–1665 Anglo-Dutch Wars
- 1823–1831 Anglo-Ashanti wars
- 1900 War of the Golden Stool
- 1948 Accra Riots
Guinea
- 2013 Guinea clashes
Guinea-Bissau
- 1962–1974 Guinea-Bissau War of Independence
- 1997–1999 Guinea-Bissau Civil War
Liberia
- 1989–1996 First Liberian Civil War
- 1999–2003 Second Liberian Civil War
Mali
- 647–709 Muslim conquest of the Maghreb
- 1075 Almoravid conquest of the Ghana Empire
- c. 1230–1250 Early imperial expansion of the Mali Empire
- 1400 The Sandaki usurpation and second Mossi raid
- 1433 The Tuareg invasion
- c. 1460s Songhai conquered Mema
- 1810–1818 Mopti Jihad
- 1848–1864 Initial conquests of El Hadj Umar Tall Jihad
- 1883–1886 Mandingo Wars
- 1962–1964 First Tuareg rebellion
- 1985 Agacher Strip War
- 1990–1995 Azawad insurgency and Malian civil war
- April 11, 2002 – ongoing Insurgency in the Maghreb
- 2007–2009 Second Tuareg rebellion
- 2012 – Third Tuareg Rebellion
- 2012 – ongoing Northern Mali conflict
Mauritania
- 1970–ongoing Western Sahara conflict
- April 11, 2002 – ongoing Insurgency in the Maghreb
Niger
- 1516–1517 Songhai Civil War
- 1916–1917 Kaocen Revolt
- 1990–1995 First Azawad insurgency
- April 11, 2002 – ongoing Insurgency in the Maghreb
- 2007–2009 Second Azawad insurgency
- 2012 Tuareg Rebellion
Nigeria
- 1578–1608 Oyo-Benin War
- 1804–1808 Fulani War
- 1835–1836 Fula jihads
- 1873 – Rafin Jaki Jihad
- 1897 Benin Expedition
- 1953–ongoing Religious violence in Nigeria
- 1967–1970 Nigerian Civil War
- 1998–ongoing Communal conflicts in Nigeria (1998-present)
- 1999–ongoing Nigerian Sharia conflict
- 2009–ongoing Niger Delta conflict (2004–present)
- 2009–ongoing Boko Haram insurgency
São Tomé and Príncipe
- February 3, 1953 Batepá Massacre
Sierra Leone
- February 7, 1813 Action
- 1982 Ndogboyosoi War
- March 23, 1991 – January 18, 2002 Sierra Leone Civil War
Western Sahara
- October 23, 1957 – June 30, 1958 Ifni War
- 1970 ongoing Western Sahara conflict
- October 30, 1975 – September 6, 1991 Western Sahara War
Central Africa
Central African Republic
- 1928–1931 Kongo-Wara rebellion
- 1987–present Lord's Resistance Army insurgency
- 2004–2007 Central African Republic Bush War
- 2012–14 Central African Republic Civil War
- 13 April 2013 – 10 January 2014 Central African Republic conflict under the Djotodia administration
Republic of Congo
- 1665–1709 Kongo Civil War
- Republic of the Congo Civil War (1993–94)
- 1997–1999 Congo (Brazzaville) Civil War
- 2016–2017 The Pool War
Democratic Republic of Congo
- 1892–1894 Congo Arab war
- 1895–1908 Batetela rebellion
- 28 July 1914 – 11 November 1918 World War I
- 1 September 1939 – 2 September 1945 World War II
- June 30, 1960 – November 25, 1966 Congo Crisis
- 1964 Simba Rebellion
- 1960–ongoing Katanga insurgency
- March 8, 1977 – May 26, 1977 Shaba I
- May 11, 1978 – June 1978 Shaba II
- 1987–ongoing Lord's Resistance Army insurgency
- 1996–ongoing ADF insurgency
- October 24, 1996 – May 16, 1997 First Congo War
- August 2, 1998 – July 18, 2003 Second Congo War
- 1999–ongoing Ituri Conflict
- 2004–ongoing Kivu Conflict
- 2012–2013 M23 rebellion
- December 2013 – ongoing Batwa-Luba clashes
- 8 August 2016 – ongoing Kamwina Nsapu rebellion
Chad
- c. 1203–1243 Dunama Dabbalemi, of the Sayfawa dynasty, mai of the Kanem Empire, declared jihad against the surrounding tribes and initiated an extended period of conquest
- c. 1455–1487 Ali Gazi, ruler of the Bornu Empire, took on the Bulala nomads, defeated them, and re-captured the old Kanem capital, Njimi
- Rabih's War
- 1965–1979 Civil war in Chad
- 1978–1987 Chadian-Libyan conflict (Toyota War)
- 1979–1982 Civil war in Chad
- 1998–2002 Civil war in Chad
- April 11, 2002 – ongoing Insurgency in the Maghreb
- December 18, 2005 – January 15, 2010 Civil war in Chad
Southern Africa
South Africa
- May 18, 1803 – November 20, 1815 Napoleonic Wars
- 1817–1819 Ndwandwe–Zulu War
- 1830s–1840s Great Trek
- February 17, 1838 Weenen Massacre
- January 11, 1879 – July 4, 1879 Anglo-Zulu War
- 1779–1879 Xhosa Wars
- December 20, 1880 – March 23, 1881 First Boer War
- October 11, 1899 – May 31, 1902 Second Boer War
- July 28, 1914 – November 11, 1918 World War I
- September 15, 1914 – February 4, 1915 Maritz Rebellion
- September 4 1939 – May 7 1945 World War II
- March 21, 1960 Sharpeville Massacre
- June 16, 1976 Soweto Uprising
- August 26, 1966 – March 21, 1990 South African Border War
- 1996-ongoing South African farm attacks
Zimbabwe
- October 1893 – January 1894 First Matabele War
- March 1896 – October 1897 Matabele and Mashona 'Revolts' Second Matabele War
- July 4, 1964 – December 12, 1979 Second Chimurenga/Rhodesian Bush War
- 1982 – 1987 'Gukurahundi' (Matabele suppression)
Swaziland
- October 11, 1899 – May 31, 1902 Second Boer War
Lesotho
- 1880–1881 Gun War
- 22 September 1998 – May 1999 South African intervention in Lesotho
Mozambique
- July 28, 1914 – November 11, 1918 World War I
- September 25, 1964 – September 8, 1974 Mozambican War of Independence
- May 30, 1977 – October 4, 1992 Mozambican Civil War
- 2013–2014 Internal conflict in Mozambique
Angola
- February 4, 1961 – April 25, 1974 Angolan War of Independence
- November 11, 1975 – April 4, 2002 Angolan Civil War
Malawi
- August 3, 1914 – November 1918 World War I
Namibia
- 1904–1907 Herero Genocide
- July 28, 1914 – November 11, 1918 World War I
- September 15, 1914 – February 4, 1915 Maritz Rebellion
- August 26, 1966 – March 21, 1990 Namibian War of Independence
- 1994–1999 Caprivi conflict
Zambia
- July 28, 1914 – November 11, 1918 World War I
- September 1, 1939 – September 2, 1945 World War II
Chronological list of wars
21st century
- 2001–present War on Terrorism
- 1997–present Islamic Terrorism in Egypt
- 2002–present Islamic insurgency in the Maghreb
- 2002–present Operation Enduring Freedom - Horn of Africa
- 2006 Rise of the Islamic Courts Union
- 2006–2009 Ethiopian War in Somalia
- 2007–present Operation Enduring Freedom - Trans Sahara
- 2009–present Islamist civil war in Somalia
- 2009 2009 Nigerian sectarian violence
- 2001–2003 Central African Republic civil war
- 2002–2004 First Ivorian Civil War
- 2003–present War in Darfur
- 2004 French–Ivorian clashes
- 2004–present Conflict in the Niger Delta
- 2004–2007 Central African Republic Bush War
- 2004–present Kivu conflict
- 2005–2010 Chadian Civil War
- 2005–2008 Mount Elgon insurgency
- 2007–2009 Second Tuareg Rebellion
- 2007–2008 Kenyan crisis
- 2008 Invasion of Anjouan
- 2008 Djiboutian–Eritrean border conflict
- 2009 Sudan airstrikes
- 2011 Second Ivorian Civil War
- 2011 First Libyan Civil War
- 2012 Tuareg rebellion
- 2014 Second Libyan Civil War
See also
- List of conflicts in North America
- List of conflicts in Central America
- List of conflicts in South America
- List of conflicts in Europe
- List of conflicts in Asia
- List of conflicts in the Near East
- List of conflicts in the Middle East
- List of wars
- Military history of Africa
- List of modern conflicts in North Africa (the Maghreb region)
- List of modern conflicts in the Middle East
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